Unia Europejska: prawda boli, może wyzwala
The European Union: The truth hurts but may set you free
Author(s): Paweł J. BorkowskiSubject(s): Economic policy, International relations/trade, Comparative politics, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Russian Aggression against Ukraine
Published by: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Sp. z o.o.
Keywords: European Union; European Commission; France; Germany; Olaf Scholz; Emmanuel Macron; digitalization; index DESI; circular economy;
Summary/Abstract: The Russian aggression on Ukraine tested France’s and Germany’s ability to be leaders of the European Union. Both states bent heavily under the weight of traditions and old habits, European unity was built on a strategic alliance with the United States and on determination of a coalition of states, both old and new. We have got proof that the Franco-German tandem can be a burden, not an asset. The European Commission focused its attention on a digital agenda and on circular economy, trying to deliver promises made at the beginning of the term. 2022 was a year where a series of legal initiatives were presented, some of which have already been accepted, and some are waiting for their turn. Work was made easier thanks to the efficient and fruitful Czech presidency in the Council.
Journal: Rocznik Strategiczny
- Issue Year: 2023
- Issue No: 28
- Page Range: 197-218
- Page Count: 22
- Language: Polish
