Gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym – stan obecny i perspektywy
Circular economy – current state and perspectives

Summary/Abstract: The global environmental crisis resulting from the extensive exploitation of non-renewable resources and increasing environmental pollution makes the transition to the circular economy (CE) the only way to increase the sustainability of contemporary economic systems. The paper synthetically examines the selected CE-related initiatives applied all over the world. Presented circular initiatives were divided into three levels of organization: micro, meso and macro. Limited range of CE-related initiatives in Poland might make Polish economy greatly dependent on the non-renewable resources, highly sensitive to ecological limits, which must not be overcome without more eco-efficient uses of raw materials, waste minimization and creation of advanced recycling programs.

• Details
• Contents