Zeszyty cywilistyczne Lege Artis. Tom 8
Lege Artis Civil Law Journals. Volume 8
Contributor(s): Jakub Andrzej Kuś (Editor)
Subject(s): Civil Law
Published by: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Keywords: civil law; liabilities; property law; inheritance law; construction contracts
Summary/Abstract: Lege Artis Civil Law Journals The publication contains articles analysing the latest issues in the field of broadly understood substantive civil law and procedural civil law. The texts concern such problems as: personal rights and intellectual property rights, the institution of exploitation and datio in solutum, liability for damages, Swiss franc mortgages, construction contracts, the protection of trade secret, inheritance law, company law and arbitration proceedings.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-235-6288-7
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-235-6280-1
- Page Count: 332
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: Polish
Prawo do życia w czystym środowisku a dobra osobiste
Prawo do życia w czystym środowisku a dobra osobiste
(The right to live in a clean environment in the context of personal interests)
- Author(s):Jan Jastrzębski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Civil Law
- Page Range:9-23
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:civil law; personal interest; right to a clean air; right to a clean environment; natural environment; smog; environmental protection
- Summary/Abstract:The question of whether the right to live in a clean environment can be considered a personal interest has been the subject of discussion for a number of years. In the glossed resolution of 28 May 2021, III CZP 27/20, the Supreme Court answered in the negative. This paper aims to provide a broader analysis of this ruling and to present further arguments in support of the view that the right to live in a clean environment does not meet the requirements set for the construction of personal interest. Among other things, it focuses on the history and possible origin of the dispute over the character of the right to live a clean environment, the issue of 'discovering' new personal interests, and the dangers associated with recognizing the discussed right as a personal interest.
Prawo do czystego środowiska a dobra osobiste – analiza na tle polskiego orzecznictwa i doktryny prawa cywilnego
Prawo do czystego środowiska a dobra osobiste – analiza na tle polskiego orzecznictwa i doktryny prawa cywilnego
(The right to a clean environment as a personal interest – analysis in the light of Polish jurisprudence and the civil law doctrine)
- Author(s):Piotr Łaźnia, Norbert Sitko
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Civil Law
- Page Range:24-41
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:human rights; right to a clean environment; civil law; civil court jurisprudence; administrative court jurisprudence
- Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the right to a clean environment in the context of recognising this right as a personal interest within the meaning of Polish civil law. In the first chapter, it describes the concept of personal interests in civil law doctrine and jurisprudence, and highlights the role of personal interests in Polish civil law. The second chapter presents the basis for recognising the right to a clean environment as a personal interest. As a result of the open catalogue of personal interests and the changing social awareness of climate changes, there are various opinions on recognising the right to a clean environment as the personal interest. The third chapter analyses the case law of Polish courts in the context of recognising the right to a clean environment as the personal interest. The final chapter presents a number of judgments of administrative courts that have granted the right to a clean environment to individuals. Public law is, for obvious reasons, different from the civil law doctrine, but nevertheless it can be the basis for a change in the perception of the right to a clean environment in the civil law doctrine.
Podmioty uprawnione do złożenia wniosku dekretowego na podstawie art. 7 ust. 1 dekretu warszawskiego
Podmioty uprawnione do złożenia wniosku dekretowego na podstawie art. 7 ust. 1 dekretu warszawskiego
(The entities authorized to submit a decree application under Article 7(1) of the Warsaw Decree)
- Author(s):Marcin Dziewierski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:42-55
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:owner of the land; legal successors of the landowner; land user; person representing the rights of the owner; ownership and use of land in the area Warsaw; condition of possession; municipalization
- Summary/Abstract:Due to a tragic situation in post-war Warsaw, the legislator decided to introduce an extraordinary regulation. In accordance with Article 1 of the decree of October 26, 1945 on ownership and use of land in the area of the city of Warsaw, all land in Warsaw was municipalized. The rights of the current owners, who obtained the right to submit the so-called decree applications, were taken into account. The article analyses the problem of related to the condition of possession. In law and in case law there are two variants of law interpretation. Firstly, the current owner submitting a decree application should be in possession of the land. Secondly, the opposite view is expressed, according to which a submission of a decree application is not dependent on the ownership of the land by the owner. The article aims to analyse both views and resolve the problem.
Nowe oblicze wyzysku – nowelizacja art. 388 Kodeksu cywilnego w świetle efektywnej ochrony obrotu gospodarczego i prawnego instrumentarium stron umowy
Nowe oblicze wyzysku – nowelizacja art. 388 Kodeksu cywilnego w świetle efektywnej ochrony obrotu gospodarczego i prawnego instrumentarium stron umowy
(The new face of exploitation – the amendment of Article 388 of the Civil Code in light of the effective protection of economic trading and the legal instruments of the parties to the contract)
- Author(s):Jan A. Krajewski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Law on Economics
- Page Range:56-70
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:exploitation; Polish Civil Code; regulations on economic trading; contracts; economic exploitation; legal guarantees of entrepreneurs
- Summary/Abstract:The article focuses on the revision of the institution of exploitation provided for in the Polish Civil Code. The provisions, operating in an unchanged form for more than 57 years, have recently been updated. The reason for the legislative action was the increased criticism from academia, which had repeatedly pointed to the need to strengthen the protection of the weaker party to the contractual relationship and to the inefficiency of the construction in procedural terms. The analysis focuses on the purposive interpretation of the construction of exploitation in the Polish legal system. From a comparative point of view, the author analyzes the existing regulations and new solutions introduced by the amendment of the Civil Code in terms of the effectiveness and adaptation to the new challenges of the modern market and economic trading.
Koncepcja ogólnej bezprawności czynu w kontekście okoliczności wyłączających odpowiedzialność cywilną
Koncepcja ogólnej bezprawności czynu w kontekście okoliczności wyłączających odpowiedzialność cywilną
(The concept of circumstances precluding unlawfulness of an act in the context of circumstances excluding civil liability)
- Author(s):Małgorzata Biszczanik
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:71-95
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:unlawfulness; circumstances excluding unlawfulness; theory of conjugated norms; concept of circumstances precluding unlawfulness of an act; civil liability
- Summary/Abstract:This article addresses the issue of the obligatory consideration of a uniformly definedunlawfulness in all branches of law, and indicates the need to assess the circumstances excluding unlawfulness from the perspective of the entire legal order. First, the understanding of unlawfulness as an element of an unlawful act is indicated, pointing to the broader need to understand this concept. This is followed by a consideration of the need to consider the theory of conjugated norms in terms of the correct analysis of unlawfulness, with a view to demonstrating the need for a pluralistic view of unlawfulness as a cause of the circumstances excluding civil liability. The above is intended to show that taking into account the concept of circumstances precluding unlawfulness of an act will also allow civil acts to be protected under the criminal counter-narratives.
Odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza podmiotów wykonujących władzę publiczną – uwagi na tle orzecznictwa trybunalskiego
Odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza podmiotów wykonujących władzę publiczną – uwagi na tle orzecznictwa trybunalskiego
(The liability for damages of public entities – observations against the background of the tribunal case-law)
- Author(s):Michał Macidłowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Civil Law
- Page Range:96-117
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:liability for damages; legislative tort; judicial tort; Constitutional Tribunal; Court of Justice of the European Union; European Court of Human Rights
- Summary/Abstract:The main research problem of this paper is the evaluation of the impact of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights on the interpretation of the provisions concerning the liability for damages of the State Treasury and other entities exercising public authority. First, the author presents the relevant norms of domestic law. Next, a review of European and international law is made, and – by applying the formal-dogmatic method – an interpretation of the effects of the judgments of the cited judicial bodies is made. The analysis of the above issues leads to the conclusion that the principles of liability for damages specified in Articles 417–421 of the Civil Code must take into account a broader normative context than it results from the linguistic analysis of the indicated provisions.
Kompensacja uszczerbku powstałego na skutek bezprawnego komercyjnego wykorzystania wizerunku – uwagi de lege lata
Kompensacja uszczerbku powstałego na skutek bezprawnego komercyjnego wykorzystania wizerunku – uwagi de lege lata
(The compensation for thedamages caused by unlawful commercial use of the image – de lege lata remarks)
- Author(s):Piotr Kamil Cichowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:118-131
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:image; right to image; non-tangible goods; commercialisation; compensation; unjust enrichment
- Summary/Abstract:The article summarises the case law on the problem of the commercialisation of the image and the compensation for the damage caused by its use in advertising. Moreover, it points to a significant change in the approach of Polish courts to the nature of this right. The right to image, traditionally understood as a right protecting non-property interests, with the transformation of the economic system, started to show features of a property right. This transformation also affects the catalogue of claims available to a person whose image has been unlawfully used.
Artykuł 446 Kodeksu cywilnego – nowy rozdział dyskusji o kwalifikacji więzi rodzinnej jako dobra osobistego
Artykuł 446 Kodeksu cywilnego – nowy rozdział dyskusji o kwalifikacji więzi rodzinnej jako dobra osobistego
(Article 446 of the Civil Code – a new chapter in the discussion on the recognition of family ties as a personal good)
- Author(s):Mateusz Cieśla
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:132-155
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:personal goods; family bond; family; compensation; Civil Code
- Summary/Abstract:This article concerns the June 24, 2021 amendment to the Civil Code, which added a new Article 446. The redaction of this provision indicates that its addition combined two key issues: the indemnification of harm in the event of death or grievous bodily harm to closest family members, and the recognition of family ties as a personal good. While the former has been de lege resolved by the legislature, the latter raises questions. The purpose of this article is to try to answer the question of whether, by introducing Article 446 of the Civil Code, the legislator has prejudged the existence of such a personal good as family ties, and it is with their violation that he binds the obligation of compensation. The article shows the evolutionary development of the concept of family ties as a personal good, and presents a linguistic, functional and systemic interpretation of the commented provision.
Datio in solutum w procesie likwidacji funduszu inwestycyjnego zamkniętego
Datio in solutum w procesie likwidacji funduszu inwestycyjnego zamkniętego
(Datio in solutum institution in the process of liquidation of a closed-end investment fund)
- Author(s):Maurycy Ostaszewski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:156-170
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:closed-end investment fund; liquidation; datio in solutum; limits of freedom of contract; interest of investment fund participant; equal treatment
- Summary/Abstract:The article concerns the admissibility of applying the datio in solutum institution in the process of liquidation of a closed-end investment fund. The author presents the legal nature of this institution, and then reconstructs the limit of freedom of contract with respect to contracts for giving in payment, interpreting the relevant provisions of the Act on Investment Funds and Management of Alternative Investment Funds. In the end, the author discusses the impact of the directive to act in accordance with the interests of investment fund participants and the principle of their equal treatment on the potential limitation of freedom of contract between the fund participant and the liquidator.
Problematyka kredytów indeksowanych i denominowanych do waluty franka szwajcarskiego
Problematyka kredytów indeksowanych i denominowanych do waluty franka szwajcarskiego
(Issues of loans denominated in or indexed to the Swiss franc currency)
- Author(s):Katarzyna Małgorzata Dzik, Adam Konstanty Guza
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:171-196
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Swiss franc loans; unfair terms; civil law; bank; consumer; Court of Justice of the European Union
- Summary/Abstract:The article deals with the problem of loans denominated in or indexed to the Swiss franc currency. The mechanisms on which such loans are based are discussed and the features distinguishing them from other products offered by banks are indicated. The main part of the work is a discussion of legal norms, jurisprudence of Polish courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union, which are of key importance for determining the effects of finding the unfair terms in Swiss franc loans. The authors deliberate about the directions and evolution of jurisprudence, doctrine and initiatives of comprehensive solutions arising on the basis of the reviewed problem.
Wybrane aspekty akredytywy bankowej udzielonej tytułem gwarancji zapłaty za roboty budowlane
Wybrane aspekty akredytywy bankowej udzielonej tytułem gwarancji zapłaty za roboty budowlane
(Several aspects of a bank letter of credit issued as a guarantee of payment for construction works)
- Author(s):Jakub Andrzej Kuś
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:197-219
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:construction contract; guarantee of payment for construction works; a bank letter of credit; documentary letter of credit; standby letter of credit; withdrawal from construction contract
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of this article is the analysis of selected issues concerning the application of a bank letter of credit used as a guarantee of payment for construction works in the meaning of Article 6491 of the Polish Civil Code. The article discusses the institution of a guarantee of payment for construction works and the institution of a bank letter of credit. In addition, the risks that may be associated with the providing a payment guarantee by the principal at the request of the contractor by opening a documentary letter of credit or a standby letter of credit were analysed. The final section presents considerations on the formulation of the terms and conditions of a bank letter of credit provided as a guarantee of payment in the context of the nature of the institution of a guarantee of payment for construction works and its purposes, functions and principles set forth in Articles 6491–6495 of the Polish Civil Code.
Zagadnienie podzielności świadczenia wykonawcy w ramach umowy o roboty budowlane
Zagadnienie podzielności świadczenia wykonawcy w ramach umowy o roboty budowlane
(The divisibility of the contractor's performance in a construction contract)
- Author(s):Oskar Wypchło
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:220-228
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:divisibility of the performance; subject of the performance; construction works; contractor's performance; performance; construction works contract
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of the article is the issue of divisibility of the contractor's performance in a construction contract. The article discusses the concept of divisibility of performance within the meaning of Article 379 § 2 and Article 491 § 2 sentence 1 of the Civil Code. The prerequisites for recognizing a benefit as divisible within the meaning of the above regulations are characterized. The analysis covers the issue of divisibility of the contractor's performance in a construction contract, especially, in view of the application of Article 379 § 2 and Article 491 § 2 of the Civil Code. Reference is also made to the consequences of applying the above regulations to a construction contract.
Dziedziczenie kont na portalach społecznościowych – szkic problematyki
Dziedziczenie kont na portalach społecznościowych – szkic problematyki
(The succession of social media accounts – an outline of the problem)
- Author(s):Mateusz Zagórowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:229-240
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Civil Code; succession law; RODO; digital assets; social media accounts
- Summary/Abstract:The article deals with the succession of social media accounts. The author aims to describe the phenomenon of succession of account rights and to analyse the legal provisions that could potentially regulate the phenomenon in question. He first analyses the applicability of the common law of succession by interpreting the provisions of the Civil Code and using a comparative method. He then moves on to analyse extra-Codex sources of law, such as the RODO or the legislation of other European countries. Finally, the author describes the rules on succession arising from the rules of procedure created by social networks.
Tajemnica przedsiębiorstwa w postępowaniu o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego
Tajemnica przedsiębiorstwa w postępowaniu o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego
(Trade secret in the public procurement procedure)
- Author(s):Jakub Szymanowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:241-254
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:trade secret; public procurement; bid; Public Procurement Act; Unfair Competition Act
- Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the problem of trade secret in the public procurement procedure in Poland. It explains the notion of trade secret under the Unfair Competition Act and the Public Procurement Act. In addition, the axiological justification of this institution is given. The article also indicates procedural requirements related to confidentiality of the enterprise and the consequences resulting from a failure to comply with them.
Podmiotowe i czasowe aspekty ochrony informacji poufnych stanowiących tajemnicę przedsiębiorstwa – zarys problematyki
Podmiotowe i czasowe aspekty ochrony informacji poufnych stanowiących tajemnicę przedsiębiorstwa – zarys problematyki
(The subjective and temporal aspects of the protection of confidential business information – an outline of the problem)
- Author(s):Mateusz Gawroński
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Commercial Law
- Page Range:255-267
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:trade secret; undisclosed information; protection; entrepreneur; confidentiality; TRIPS Agreement; Directive 2016/943
- Summary/Abstract:The article outlines the subjective and temporal aspects of the protection of confidential business information (trade secret). As a result of the amendment of the suppression of unfair competition act, the scope of persons entitled to trade secret was extended from entrepreneurs to 'non-entrepreneurs'. The time limits of the protection of the right to trade secret are limited by the state of confidentiality of the information and its economic value.
Granice dopuszczalnej modyfikacji ustawowej zasady reprezentacji spółek kapitałowych przez zarząd
Granice dopuszczalnej modyfikacji ustawowej zasady reprezentacji spółek kapitałowych przez zarząd
(The limits of permissible modification of the statutory principle of representation of capital companies by the management board)
- Author(s):Izabella Zagórna
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Commercial Law
- Page Range:268-282
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:capital companies; board; representation of capital company; conducting capital company affairs; proxy; National Court Register; Commercial Companies Code
- Summary/Abstract:Capital companies are the dominant organizational and legal form of Polish enterprises. The issue of performing legal actions by commercial law companies is one of the most important political issues of these entities, which makes company representation one of the most up-to-date aspects of private law. The author analyses the questions concerning the issue of contractual admissibility or statutory differentiation of representation of the enterprise by the members of the board in terms of its entity and subject matter, as well as the effectiveness of such restrictions against third parties.
Zdolność rejestracyjna zapachu jako znaku towarowego
Zdolność rejestracyjna zapachu jako znaku towarowego
(Registering a fragrance as a trademark)
- Author(s):Aleksandra Kopacz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Commercial Law
- Page Range:283-297
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:fragrance as trademark; sound marks; fragrance distinctive character; graphic representation; visual perception; registration of fragrance trademark
- Summary/Abstract:The need to protect fragrances as trademarks has been present on the market. Under applicable EU and national regulations, registration of this type of trademark is theoretically acceptable. The article discusses the changes in the definition of a trademark due to the use of modern technologies and the need to adapt them to the internet age. The key rulings for registering an fragrance as a trademark are cases: Sieckmann (C-273/00) and Eden SARL (T-305/04). Within their context, the author analyses the methods to present a fragrance, which require specialist knowledge and tools, for instance, sending a fragrance in electronic form so as to make its identification possible.
Tranzycja w polskim porządku prawnym – ewolucja regulacji, uwagi de lege lata i postulaty de lege ferenda
Tranzycja w polskim porządku prawnym – ewolucja regulacji, uwagi de lege lata i postulaty de lege ferenda
(Transition in the Polish legal order – evolution of regulation, de lege lata comments and de lege ferenda proposals)
- Author(s):Filip Pańczyk
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Civil Law
- Page Range:298-319
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:transition; transsexuality; Code of Civil Procedure; jurisprudence of the Supreme Court; Gender Recognition Act
- Summary/Abstract:The article touches upon the issue of gender transition procedure in the Polish legal order. For this purpose, the evolution that has taken place in the jurisprudence of courts and the Gender Recognition Act from 2015 have been analyzed. The currently functioning provisional solution to this problem has been criticized both in the context of choice of procedural regime, obligation of a transgender person to sue his or her parents, as well as several procedural and evidentiary problems. Regarding the proposed changes, the need for non-procedural proceedings has been pointed out.
