European Finance, Business and Regulation. Challenges of Post-Pandemic Recovery. Proceedings of the International Conference EUFIRE 2022
European Finance, Business and Regulation. Challenges of Post-Pandemic Recovery. Proceedings of the International Conference EUFIRE 2022
European Finance, Business and Regulation. Challenges of Post-Pandemic Recovery. Proceedings of the International Conference EUFIRE 2022
Contributor(s): Mihaela Tofan (Editor), Irina Bilan (Editor), Elena Cigu Rusu (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, National Economy, Library and Information Science, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Energy and Environmental Studies, Political Theory, Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Public Administration, Public Law, Financial Markets, Public Finances, Accounting - Business Administration, Marketing / Advertising, Tourism, Human Resources in Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research, Geopolitics, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption, Transport / Logistics
ISSN: 3044-8689
Published by: Editura Universităţii »Alexandru Ioan Cuza« din Iaşi
Keywords: European Financial Regulation; Public Administration; Finance; Accountability
Summary/Abstract: The book aims to offer the framework for the main challenges faced within European Union and globally, emphasizing the regulatory perspective for the financial sector in particular, and also for the business sector, in general.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-606-714-720-9
- Page Count: 449
- Publication Year: 2022
- Language: English
E-SERVICE RECOVERY ON CONSUMER'S BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS: APPLIED STUDY ON MEDIATING EFFECT OF POST-RECOVERY SATISFACTION FOR CUSTOMERS OF ROMANIA'S BANKING SECTOR
E-SERVICE RECOVERY ON CONSUMER'S BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS: APPLIED STUDY ON MEDIATING EFFECT OF POST-RECOVERY SATISFACTION FOR CUSTOMERS OF ROMANIA'S BANKING SECTOR
(E-SERVICE RECOVERY ON CONSUMER'S BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS: APPLIED STUDY ON MEDIATING EFFECT OF POST-RECOVERY SATISFACTION FOR CUSTOMERS OF ROMANIA'S BANKING SECTOR)
- Author(s):ATTIA ABDELKADER ALI
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:10-44
- No. of Pages:35
- Keywords:E-service recovery; service failure; consumers satisfaction; behavioural intentions;
- Summary/Abstract:The proliferation of banking and financial services technology-driven initiatives has resulted in a dizzying array of systems services failures. Consequently, banks must prioritize e-service recovery to achieve optimistic consumers' behavioural intentions and e-service recovery satisfaction.This research adds to theory and practice by assessing the relationship between online service recovery and customers' behavioural intentions with the mediating influence of post-recovery satisfaction. The relationships between study variables were statistically tested in a quantitative online questionnaire on a Likert scale of five points. Simple and multiple regression analyses were conducted on data collected from 325 respondents who were e-banking customers in Iasi, Romania, and who reported experiencing an online banking service failure. The findings reveal that only two dimensions of e-service recovery (interactional and procedural justice) positively influence post-recovery satisfaction and customers' behavioural intentions. The interactional justice was the most influential predictor of the variance in post-recovery satisfaction and customer behavioural intentions. Distributive justice has no effect on post-recovery satisfaction and behavioural intentions. The results further showed that post-recovery satisfaction mediates the relationship between e-service recovery and customers' behavioural intentions. This study provided specific recommendations to Romanian banks on managing and operating the e-online services that are delivered to their customers to increase post-recovery satisfaction and consumer behavioural intentions. The research emphasizes the vital of service recovery in the e-banking context and the importance of investing in marketing practices and campaigns to increase consumers' positive attitudes toward banks. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of procedural and interactional recovery justice and the need to handle both in the process of successfully e-service recovery.
A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ON SUSTAINABLE FINANCE: EUROPE' S CONTRIBUTION
A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ON SUSTAINABLE FINANCE: EUROPE' S CONTRIBUTION
(A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ON SUSTAINABLE FINANCE: EUROPE' S CONTRIBUTION)
- Author(s):Constantin-Marius Apostoaie, Irina Bilan, Stanimir Kabaivanov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:45-67
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:sustainable finance; sustainable development; bibliometric analysis; Scopus; VOSviewer;
- Summary/Abstract:Up until recently, the world got used to the idea that the most ardent issues to be solved are related to poverty, climate change, economic inequalities and pandemic threats. Yet again, the world faces new social, environmental, and economic challenges imposed by the conflict in Ukraine. Managing all these societal issues requires the use of the most important drivers of all economies, financial capital. The overall financial system needs to adapt by embracing sustainability principles and practices, and integrate them within all its processes. As the paper reveals, the topics related to ‘sustainable finance’ continue to grow in number and importance, clearly becoming an ardent subject in the agenda of numerous governments, regulators, private entities and, last but not least, financial institutions. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the scientific literature that conceptually and/or empirically addresses topics related to sustainable finance (highlighting, in the process, Europe’s contribution). Using a bibliometric approach and a dataset of 1915 research materials extracted from Scopus (covering 1991-2021), we identify key emerging research trends in sustainable finance and provide a platform for academics upon which they may build their own research on the topic.
ACTORS / SUBJECTS OF THE CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY
ACTORS / SUBJECTS OF THE CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY
(ACTORS / SUBJECTS OF THE CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY)
- Author(s):Cristina Bancu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
- Page Range:68-90
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:cross-border insolvency; jurisdiction; European case-law; harmonization; cross-border business relations;
- Summary/Abstract:The article insists on the legal solutions of the subjects/actors of cross-border insolvency, a complex issue that involves elements of legislative systems and legal instruments both at national and international level. In this study, there were researched issues regarding the existing regulatory framework of the conditions to become an actor/subject of the cross-border insolvency in the Republic of Moldova and the most important analysis being focused on the provisions of the European and international regulatory framework, which demonstrates a tendency to resolve cross-border disputes and conflicts, but which unfortunately does not cope to the globalization trends. The analysis of the European framework that regulates the conditions for insolvency proceedings in international jurisdiction as well as the establishment of creditors' defense limits is not always the shield of creditors outside the EU, which in fact leads to cross-border insolvency conflicts. The continuous expansion of international trade will inevitably lead to the emergence of new cases of insolvency, we cannot overshadow the consequences of the health crisis (Covid 19) in the modern world that inevitably comes with new waves of liquidation of large companies. The author finally comes with conclusions that can be implemented in both international and national regulations with regard to parties involved in the insolvency process which comes out to be difficult and involved international issues and problems. Additionally, it will be marked out of threatens of administrator and founders to bear financial liability as result of the indirect liability for the companies’ debts.
IDENTIFICATION OF BANKRUPTCY RISK AND MANAGEMENT OF CRISIS COMPANIES
IDENTIFICATION OF BANKRUPTCY RISK AND MANAGEMENT OF CRISIS COMPANIES
(IDENTIFICATION OF BANKRUPTCY RISK AND MANAGEMENT OF CRISIS COMPANIES)
- Author(s):Ancuta-Anisia Chelba
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:91-103
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:insolvency; Romania; bankruptcy; companies; crisis;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the research paper is to conduct a national analysis of how the situation of insolvent companies in the period 2010-2021 in Romania has evolved. A major goal has been set in order to achieve the proposed goal. The main objective of the paper is focused on the analysis of the management of companies in crisis and the identification of companies in insolvency in Romania. The adjacent objectives are to describe the signs of crisis in society, to define the concept of crisis according to the works in the economic literature, to present the main types of crises that may affect the activity of economic entities, to describe the crisis recognition phase of an enterprise, the identification of the parties affected by the bankruptcy crisis of the company, presenting the types of analysis and methods used in the practice of prediction, defining the risk of bankruptcy, and listing the models for predicting bankruptcy. The usefulness of the study is highlighted by the importance of the results transmitted, useful results for the following categories of users: researchers in the field, academic institutions, companies looking for solutions to predict financial health and all those interested in mechanisms for assessing and forecasting the risk of bankruptcy, but also the results regarding the insolvency situation at national level in Romania.
THE INFLUENCE OF GRAIN SILOS AND THE "BEIRUT" PHENOMENON, IN THE LOCAL AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY
THE INFLUENCE OF GRAIN SILOS
AND THE "BEIRUT" PHENOMENON, IN THE LOCAL AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY
(THE INFLUENCE OF GRAIN SILOS
AND THE "BEIRUT" PHENOMENON, IN THE LOCAL AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY)
- Author(s):Petrică-Ionel Cioară
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:104-116
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:grains; blast; new laws; assurance;
- Summary/Abstract:This article proposes a new approach, considering that cereals are dangerous, even if this is not very well known. The explosion of 1.1 kilotone of cereals in the port of Beirut, caused losses of over 4 billion US dollars in real estate, death and more than 7000 of injuries, the explanation accepted worldwide being ammonium nitrate from warehouse number 12. To support my investigation, I have observed a database of photos, films and the plans of the silo, looking for answers to the basic questions in the case: why the smoke was white and why the two back cells of the silo have been destroyed, if the main explosion is the cause. My results, demonstrate that the cereals dust confined in the silo and it generated the second explosion, so there is a state of acute threat for the cities in the proximity of this type of silo, i.e. both the city of Constana and Eforie. European Union helped with a special fund when the tragedy happened, and there is the need for special regulation to protect and to offer indemnity and insurance policies in such circumstances. The results of the research propose a new law addressing the situation.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND TRENDS OF THE DIGITAL BANKING AGREEMENT
LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND TRENDS OF THE DIGITAL BANKING AGREEMENT
(LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND TRENDS OF THE DIGITAL BANKING AGREEMENT)
- Author(s):Violeta Cojocaru, Aliona Cara-Rusnac
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
- Page Range:117-128
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:digital contract; digital banking; banking digital contract; clients’ rights; banking European regulation on digital agreements; Moldovan banking activity; digital platforms; EU banking and payments;
- Summary/Abstract:The article will analyze the legal framework and trends of the Moldovan digital banking agreements and its impact on banking activity overall. There will be presented the Moldovan digital banking agreements that were implemented in the banking activity area and their impact on the increase of clients desire to sign these types of contracts. Banks were first in row to explore the digital area as consequences of the technological progress and by simplifying clients’ needs to access faster banking service activities. The business of the companies in special banks is based 80% on contracts. Despite this fact, the digital banking contract involves security issues that clients might inure connected to theft of the identity, validity of electronic signature, access to internet in rural areas, and the classic banking transactions such as loan approvals, account opening and investments have not experienced the digital revolution switch due to the consumers’ strict legal requirements. Nevertheless, it will be presented the role of the National Bank of Moldova in adopting legal framework necessary for developing digital banking contracts and the resistance of the other players of the banking digital market as payment providers.It will be argued that there is a need to tackle solutions to banks challenges at the European, International level that the national level, and will be considered the role of the International, European and national monitoring institutions to provide appropriate solutions and if necessary to adopt restrictions in cross-border banking digital services and the risks that clients might experience by accessing those services. Finally, the authors will compare the trends of the Moldovan digital banking contracts compare to the digital banking contracts in European Union area and will come up with solutions how to integrate Moldovan Banking activity in European Union standards.
THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-RETROACTIVITY IN TAX LAW
THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-RETROACTIVITY IN TAX LAW
(THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-RETROACTIVITY IN TAX LAW)
- Author(s):Daniela Constantin-Vorovenci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
- Page Range:129-143
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:principle of non-retroactivity; non-retroactivity; legal certainty; legal security;
- Summary/Abstract:Most normative legal analysis is devoted to determining which procedures or policies society should prefer. Any divergence between the current legal regime raises the question of citizens' basic rights regarding their legal situation. This Article uses legal and economic analysis to evaluate the non -retroactivity of law.Part 1 of this Article provides a broad illustration of the principle of non-retroactivity and its dimension in Romanian tax law.Part 2 of the Article extends the theoretical research on the principle of non-retroactivity in comparative law. The purpose of the analysis is to highlight to what extent the principle, in the form regulated in the Constitution of Romania, supports certain nuances compared to other countries.Part 3 of the Article deals with the practical side of the problem. Thus, based on concrete examples identified in the tax law, we tried to determine if the constitutional transformation of the non-retroactivity in the form adopted by the constituent legislator, by reference to the specifics and limits of the tax law, is the only solution to guarantee the elimination of any abuses of legislation and strengthening legal certainty.Title 4 of the Article contains our conclusions on the phenomenon under consideration.
CONTRACTUAL MECHANISMS IN BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK: A SPECIAL VIEW ON EU GRANTS
CONTRACTUAL MECHANISMS IN BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK: A SPECIAL VIEW ON EU GRANTS
(CONTRACTUAL MECHANISMS IN BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK: A SPECIAL VIEW ON EU GRANTS)
- Author(s):Ioana Maria Costea, Despina-Martha Ilucă
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
- Page Range:144-152
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:budgetary credit; grant contract; European funds; contractual remedies; budgetary resilience;
- Summary/Abstract:The budgetary framework defines itself in relation with two significant pillars: the public source of revenues and the general private legal context. Budgetary funds, national or European, are significantly relying on contractual mechanisms to ensure the execution of a budgetary credit. These contractual elements are a concoction of strict regulations deriving from the purpose of protecting public interest and of suppler regulations sustaining an efficient expenditure operating model. In this framework, EU grants are a specific instrument for attaining socio-economic purposes that have a high contractual profile. The present study will address the givens of budgetary execution in the EU context by applying general contractual standards to this domain. This analysis will allow us to identify commonalities and individualities of EU grants. The method used is a general analysis of contractual mechanism, allowing to identify the behavior of EU grants as to the features, subjects, object, provisions, execution, and termination of the contractual link.
AIRLINE PASSENGERS’ SATISFACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN EUROPEAN LOW-COST AND TRADITIONAL CARRIERS
AIRLINE PASSENGERS’ SATISFACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN EUROPEAN LOW-COST AND TRADITIONAL CARRIERS
(AIRLINE PASSENGERS’ SATISFACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN EUROPEAN LOW-COST AND TRADITIONAL CARRIERS)
- Author(s):Laura Diaconu (Maxim)
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:153-164
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Coronavirus pandemic; passengers’ satisfaction; low-cost carriers; traditional airlines;
- Summary/Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic brought many challenges to most of the economic sectors, at the global level. The airline industry was, however, among the worst affected. Throughout history, the airline industry has faced numerous challenges, but none of them had such a magnitude and so serious consequences as the current pandemic. It is known that service quality has been integrated as a major component in any business’s strategic plan. This happened because service quality has increasingly been considered a key factor in the discrimination between service products and in building the competitive advantage. Customer satisfaction plays an important role in motivating consumers' behavioural loyalty, which translates into favourable feedback, repeated purchases, recommending the product or service to others and even into service innovation that would improve clients’ experiences. In the case of the airlines industry, to survive the fierce competition, companies are required to effectively manage their passengers’ relations so that they guarantee and retain customers’ satisfaction, with the ultimate goal of driving future income. The same as in the other businesses, in the airline industry, the customers’ needs and demands are usually affected by several factors, of which service quality remains the most significant aspect. A crisis, such as the COVID- 19, may lead to radical changes in the passengers’ experiences and expectations. Thus, not only it is important to understand how passengers evaluate airlines, but also to identify which dimensions of satisfaction are the most important for the passengers in the context of the current pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the differences in customers’ satisfaction between the European low-cost and traditional carriers, during the COVID-19 period, as well the factors that influence their satisfaction. The empirical analysis was conducted on secondary data, consisting in 3,125 reviews written by passengers on well-known airline reviews websites.
GREEN FINANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE POST COVID-19 WORLD. EVIDENCE FROM EU COUNTRIES
GREEN FINANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE POST COVID-19 WORLD. EVIDENCE FROM EU COUNTRIES
(GREEN FINANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE POST COVID-19 WORLD. EVIDENCE FROM EU COUNTRIES)
- Author(s):Adina Dornean, Ada-Iuliana Popescu, Dumitru-Cristian Oanea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:165-181
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:green finance; COVID-19; economic growth; environmental protection; sustainable development;
- Summary/Abstract:The importance of green finance has been steadily growing over the last years and it became a necessity for sustainable development of our society. According to the literature, green finance simultaneously provides economic growth and environmental protection.In 2020, the COVID-19 crisis generated the need for a friendlier environmental development that put a greater emphasis on green finance as an economic instrument in order to achieve it. Considering the role of green finance in obtaining an inclusive, resilient and cleaner economic growth through environmental protection, the present paper empirically analyses the link between green finance and economic growth. For this purpose, we will use a multiple linear regression based on balanced panel data for the European Union (EU) countries. The results show that green finance has a positive impact on economic growth. Therefore, governments and policymakers should focus on financing green projects and even promote green fiscal policies, that can contribute to the global green recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic.
EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN THE FLEET OF EUROPEAN ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS BASED ON THE “NEW EUROPEAN DRIVING CYCLE”
EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN THE FLEET OF EUROPEAN ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS BASED ON THE “NEW EUROPEAN DRIVING CYCLE”
(EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN THE FLEET OF EUROPEAN ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS BASED ON THE “NEW EUROPEAN DRIVING CYCLE”)
- Author(s):Stephan Filser
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:182-190
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:CO2 emissions in the fleet; automotive industry; NEDC; WLTP;
- Summary/Abstract:The analysis of CO2 (CO2) emissions in the automotive industry is divided into three main phases, the production phase, the use phase, and the end-of-life phase. During the production phase and the end-of-life phase the CO2 emissions are caused through several process steps in manufacturing and recycling. For the measurement of CO2 emissions during the use phase (“in the fleet”) the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) was developed and introduced by the European Union (last update in 1997). To establish a status of the progress of the reduction of CO2 emissions in the fleet in the automotive industry in Europe, an analysis of published annual reports as well as sustainability reports of the year 2020 by chosen OEMs (original equipment manufacturer) is carried out. The usability of data is subordinated to the group structures of the OEMs and the availability of corresponding reports. While the WLTP (worldwide harmonised light-duty vehicles test procedure) had already been introduced in 2014, useable data is still mainly based on the NEDC. Since 1995, OEMs have shown an (realistic) average annual improvement of the reduction of CO2 emissions in their fleets of 2.27 %. Relative to the reductions already achieved, zero emissions could be reached between 2036 (best-case scenario) and 2042 (worst-case scenario). In 2019 a new regulation by the European Parliament (EU 2019/631) came into effect, recommending the WLTP. A poll of the European Parliament in June 2022 set another goal of zero CO2 emissions in the fleet by 2035. According to the current analysis this goal is equivalent to an annual improvement of CO2 emissions in the fleet of 4.21 % - more than 1.5 times higher than the calculated average.
SEMANTIC ASPECTS IN SENTIMENT ANALYSIS. A STUDENT'S SATISFACTION BEHAVIOUR ON BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
SEMANTIC ASPECTS IN SENTIMENT ANALYSIS. A STUDENT'S SATISFACTION BEHAVIOUR ON BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
(SEMANTIC ASPECTS IN SENTIMENT ANALYSIS. A STUDENT'S SATISFACTION BEHAVIOUR ON BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM)
- Author(s):Doina Fotache, Codrin-Stefan Esanu, Vasile-Daniel W. Păvăloaia
- Language:English
- Subject(s):ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:191-202
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:sentiment analysis; student's satisfaction; business information systems; undergraduate program;
- Summary/Abstract:The image of Business Information Systems (BIS) field of studies influences the students attractivity to IT industry. The reputation generated by mass media and social media is more 'geeky' and more professional than it is. In the recent years, many students have chosen to pursue careers in the IT industry and, as a result, the enrolment in BIS programs have increased almost exponentially. However, many students don't declare their satisfaction degree and therefore don't manifest a certain loyalty to the BIS undergraduate program that they are enrolled in or graduated. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to analyse students’ sentiments about the BIS undergraduate program and aims to reveal their perceptions about the field as well as to explore their cultural background. The results of this investigation may reveal that the background might influence students' professional IT proficiencies in BIS field. The analysis of results can provide a behavioural pattern of a successful student in the BIS field of study.
A FOLLOWER’S PERSPECTIVE OVER THE IT LEADERSHIP IN ROMANIA
A FOLLOWER’S PERSPECTIVE OVER THE IT LEADERSHIP IN ROMANIA
(A FOLLOWER’S PERSPECTIVE OVER THE IT LEADERSHIP IN ROMANIA)
- Author(s):Ioana Gutu, Daniela-Tatiana Agheorghiesei
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:203-213
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:leadership; IT industry; management;
- Summary/Abstract:Leadership is a key driver for the management performance of most industries. Largely known for its behaviours and influence over followers, it depends of two main factors: organizational culture towards leaders performance, and followers ability to adapt and subscribe to desired organizational behaviours. The dilemma can be at first analysed as from a leader’s perspective, in regard with their knowledge and level of understanding of the depths and significance of their actions and, secondly, as for the followers’ attributes and willingness to integrate and adapt to new organizational leadership motivational and stimuli techniques. When regarding leadership, on both organizational and/or individual levels, literature generally refers to it only by undertaking a leaders’ perspective, since followers’ behaviours and attitudes are considered in terms of leadership outcomes. The current research could not identify any leadership construct or theory that also regards the followers’ role and perspective, along with the leadership view. Despite the increasing organizational accent over leadership importance in regard with organizational performance and development, for the IT companies after a decade of steep evolution, being on the peak for technical innovative solutions, leadership importance has also accentuated. The current research focused on the IT leadership in Romania, by performing an analysis of the transformational leadership attitudes and performance, as from a followers’ perspective; moreover, a descriptive analysis of the IT Industry and depths of followers understanding of the transformative leadership practices will be conducted. The research instrument, a 24 items questionnaire was applied, and data received counts 215 views. Results will underline a new perspective of the IT Industry in Romania, by offering a characterization of the organizational architecture from a follower’s view. Moreover, the current research brings an added value in regard with the follower perspective for the transformational leadership practices within the organizational IT environment.
SOME ROMANIAN ACCOUNTING AND TAX EVOLUTIONS IN THE DEFINITION AF THE GROUPS OF ENTITIES
SOME ROMANIAN ACCOUNTING AND TAX EVOLUTIONS IN THE DEFINITION AF THE GROUPS OF ENTITIES
(SOME ROMANIAN ACCOUNTING AND TAX EVOLUTIONS IN THE DEFINITION AF THE GROUPS OF ENTITIES)
- Author(s):Costel Istrate
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:214-232
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:group of companies; accounting consolidation; affiliates; VAT fiscal group; income tax group;
- Summary/Abstract:Accounting consolidation by reporting relevant financial information about the group, has been a model for tax authorities. From a fiscal point of view, we could identify at least three distinct situations about the groups and the transactions between the components of a group of companies: fiscal definition of the affiliated persons, fiscal treatment for the VAT groups and fiscal treatment for income tax groups. In the case of the transactions between affiliates, the fiscal rules allow the tax authorities to restate some information, in order to calculate taxes on a fair base. Starting with 2007, the Romanian fiscal code introduces the notion of VAT unique fiscal group, i.e. designate legally independent persons, but with close financial, economic and organizational links (with a threshold of 50% in the voting rights). This group can be considered as a single taxable person, the major advantage representing it the opportunity to offset the payable VAT and the VAT to be arising recovered from different components of the VAT fiscal group. Finally, the Romanian tax authorities introduced, in 2018, in the fiscal code the chapter that allows the recognition in Romania of the tax group in the field of corporate income tax. The threshold of the voting rights in this case is 75% and the group have the opportunity to calculate and to pay a single tax for the entire group, eventually offsetting the profits of some components against the tax loss of another component.
KNOWLEDGE VALORIZATION IN EU. A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ROMANIA
KNOWLEDGE VALORIZATION IN EU. A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ROMANIA
(KNOWLEDGE VALORIZATION IN EU. A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ROMANIA)
- Author(s):Diana-Manuela Lina
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:233-243
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:knowledge valorisation; entrepreneurial university; innovation;
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper we propose a critical assessment of the activities in the knowledge valorization chain in Romania, exploring data from 2021 European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS). Using a set of relevant indicators, we analyse the main dimensions of capturing the value creation from knowledge.Knowledge valorization lies at the heart of the knowledge economy and is critical for the economic and social progress. Despite of the political efforts of the European Commission regarding this issue, the “European Paradox” continues to exist and the failure of most European countries to convert the investment carried out in R&D into economic results and social benefits remains a debated topic.Universities, as one of the main actors of the knowledge valorization process acknowledge this as a component of the university mission and play multiple roles along the valorization channels. In this context, the entrepreneurial transformation of the university is determined and determines support and intensification of knowledge transfer.The research shows the need to reduce barriers for transferring knowledge into economy and necessity for policy intervention to uptake of research results in society and the economy, especially for Romanian environment.
CONSUMER IN CYBERSPACE: DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
CONSUMER IN CYBERSPACE: DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
(CONSUMER IN CYBERSPACE: DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION)
- Author(s):Adriana Manolica, Ioan-Cristian Puravu, Lorin Dragan, Teodora Roman
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:244-257
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:GDPR; personal data; online privacy; online identity; personal data protection;
- Summary/Abstract:The GDPR set of regulations made us more aware of the importance of collecting, protecting, and using personal data. Four years after the effective implementation of GDPR in the Romanian legislation, we focused on investigating the public perception of how various companies store private data online. Besides, we wanted to understand to what degree the public is concerned about handling this data. We realized our research on a sample of the adult population, aged between 18 and 65, all residing in the Northeast region of Romania.A series of information is processed, accessed, shared, sold, and bought, sometimes even abusively manipulated, all this without the user being aware.Any online interaction involves private data and digital traces. It could be simple communication, online shopping, or browsing. This data generates new information on our lives and activities. If we look closer at this phenomenon, we realize it only expands with time. Therefore, the question of private life, far away from this potential threat of data manipulation, hidden interest, and unpermitted intrusions becomes more and more relevant. Our work explores the internet users from the North-eastern region of Romania's behaviours and perceptions four years after GDPR legislation was passed.
USER SATISFACTION WITH INFORMATION CHATBOTS IN THE BANKING SYSTEM
USER SATISFACTION WITH INFORMATION CHATBOTS IN THE BANKING SYSTEM
(USER SATISFACTION WITH INFORMATION CHATBOTS IN THE BANKING SYSTEM)
- Author(s):Dragoș Florentin Mariciuc, Andreia Gabriela Andrei
- Language:English
- Subject(s):ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:258-272
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:chatbots; artificial intelligence; technology; satisfaction; banking;
- Summary/Abstract:For some years banks use countless applications and web pages that seek to create a conversation with an end user through an artificial intelligence that reacts by answering questions either by text or by voice, as an average person does. We are talking about the so-called Chatbots, which have been acquiring great importance due to their different and practical applications in the real world as is the case of the interaction between large companies and their customers. Since it is believed that chatbots have witnessed a kind of “renaissance” in the past few years, one could wonder how well-known chatbots are nowadays and if they are used regularly. Chatbot user experience refers to users’ general experience when using automated dialog systems. Users might feel reluctant to use chatbots or they could, on the other hand, be open-minded and even become emotionally involved with them. In many instances the interactions do not meet the expectations the users have towards chatbots. This article aims to assess user satisfaction with information chatbots so that chatbot developers in the banking system can provide a better experience for end-users.
THE IMPACT OF NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS ON THE VALUE OF THE COMPANY
THE IMPACT OF NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS ON THE VALUE OF THE COMPANY
(THE IMPACT OF NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS ON THE VALUE OF THE COMPANY)
- Author(s):Camelia Cătălina Mihalciuc, Maria Grosu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:273-289
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:company value; value creation system; sustainability; sustainable company; non-financial factors;
- Summary/Abstract:Performance is one of the main indicators that explain the level of development of a company. Also, performance is one of the most important variables and will always remain a fairly discussed and constantly evolving topic. Performance has evolved towards a global approach that includes certain financial and non-financial factors with an impact on the value of a company that refers to elements of social responsibility. Non-financial indicators are considered to be more forward-looking, better able to predict future performance, more suitable for measuring intangible assets and less likely to be manipulated than financial values. The performance measurement system, including non-financial indicators, provides a more comprehensive picture of performance factors as it measures areas of performance beyond financial results. When we refer to non-financial performance, it refers to the result of a company's efforts in terms of customer satisfaction and loyalty, working conditions and employee satisfaction /retention, product /service quality, overall company quality, market share, productivity and innovation, as well as environmental and social issues. Thus, a company that is sustainable will have to focus on those sustainable business practices based on the above mentioned aspects, which will contribute to the creation of long-term value, value of the company brought by social, environmental and economic factors. The proposed objective of this paper was to highlight the importance of non-financial performance factors in the sustainable value creation system of companies and their analysis based on a representative sample of companies in the financial industry listed on the BSE, an investigation of the situation of the companies in this field of activity involved in the objectives of sustainable development is also carried out.
THE ANALYSIS OF MOBILE USERS' AWARENESS REGARDING THE GDPR MEASURES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
THE ANALYSIS OF MOBILE USERS' AWARENESS REGARDING THE GDPR MEASURES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
(THE ANALYSIS OF MOBILE USERS' AWARENESS REGARDING THE GDPR MEASURES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
- Author(s):Adrian Munteanu, Vasile-Daniel W. Păvăloaia, Doina Fotache
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:290-297
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:GDPR awareness; mobile users' behaviour; GDPR threats in pre-Covid-19 and Covid-19 period; protection motivation theory;
- Summary/Abstract:The current article is part of a larger study that investigates the behavior and awareness of GDPR rules by users of mobile devices. For this purpose, in the study, the components of the Protection-Motivation Theory (PMT) on the profile of mobile device users in Romania were analyzed comparatively (during the pre-Covid-19 period versus the Covid-19 pandemic). The study aimed at analyzing whether the perception of respondents is different depending on certain variables (such as gender, age, level of education and IT profile) in time and to investigate the perception that regular users of mobile devices have regarding information security threats. The responses were collected through an online questionnaire (N=1010), over a period of five years, respectively 2017-2019 (pre-Covid-19) and 2020-2021 (Covid-19) period. The results reveal differences between the behavior and awareness of mobile device users, depending on several variables according to the PMT model.
THE LIBERALIZATION OF ELECTRICITY MARKETS IN ROMANIA AND IN THE EU
THE LIBERALIZATION OF ELECTRICITY MARKETS IN ROMANIA AND IN THE EU
(THE LIBERALIZATION OF ELECTRICITY MARKETS IN ROMANIA AND IN THE EU)
- Author(s):Cristina Oneţ
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
- Page Range:298-312
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:market liberalization; electricity; market surveillance authority; energy strategy; energy policy;
- Summary/Abstract:The paper presents and analyzes the most important measures adopted by the European Union and Romania to ensure the establishment of electricity prices freely and on a competitive basis.If the first part of the paper presents, from a historical perspective, the most important measures adopted by the European Union to achieve this goal, in the second part we analyze the measures recently adopted by Romania to define an energy strategy at national level, but also a coherent and articulated energy policy to provide crisis response tools. In this sense, the paper analyzes the role of the Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority (ANRE) as an autonomous administrative authority at national level and the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER), established at European level.Last but not least, the paper presents the way the national electricity market is organized and operates, but also a series of statistical information provided by the Romanian Electricity and Gas Market Operator (OPCOM) to illustrate the types of energy markets that operate in Romania, as well as the most important information on the financial results obtained on these markets in 2021.In conclusion, it can be seen that Romania is at the beginning of the road in terms of organizing free electricity markets. It has created all the necessary structures for the liberalization of the electricity market, but the regulation of their functioning will be done as it will face different realities that will demand appropriate measures. The legislative measures subject to the present analysis highlight the fact that they were undertaken in Romania in the context of their adoption at European level, but the current context of the energy crisis that manifests itself globally will force it to identify other concrete measures to intervene in the economy in order to alleviate the shocks caused by these crises.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ISSUES FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE SYSTEM
CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ISSUES FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE SYSTEM
(CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ISSUES FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE SYSTEM)
- Author(s):Olesea Plotnic, Lucia Popescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
- Page Range:313-328
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:sustainable development; international trade; green economy; climate change;
- Summary/Abstract:In the context of implementing the United Nation Agenda 2030 on Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), as well as climate change policies and strategies adopted by several states, many countries go through the process of changing the markets for a green economy. Although such changes lead to positive impact for the environment, international trade market faces several legal and economic challenges. Following the analysis of United Nation and other relevant international documents and policies, their features and impact, as well as different opinions and considerations of academia, the research will provide a detailed presentation of the legal challenges faced by private companies in the context of sustainable development. In addition, the legal particularities of private sector’s activity in the context of SDGs will be stresses and recommendations provided. The recommendations will focus mainly on concrete measures to include sustainable goals through practices for all services, products, resources and manufactures of entrepreneurial activity.
MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS ENCOURAGING GIRLS AGED 6-12 TO PURSUE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS ENCOURAGING GIRLS AGED 6-12 TO PURSUE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS ENCOURAGING GIRLS AGED 6-12 TO PURSUE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY)
- Author(s):Tal Aloni Rozen
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:329-339
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:physical activity; frequency of physical activity; behavioral change; Athena project in Israel; motivational factors;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to better understand the reasons that prevent girls from engaging in sport by focusing on the research question: “What motivational factors affect the physical activity frequency of Israeli girls and female adolescents aged 6-12?” The research instrument is a semi-structured interview, designed to examine factors that may motivate Israeli girls and young female adolescents to be more physically active. The interviews have been conducted between July 2021-March 2022. The research participants are varied from girls involved in competitive sports, parents of competitive girls, women who have formerly been active players and decision-makers, both in academia and management sports positions. Three main themes in the category of motivation have been obtained from the interviews: 1. The parents as a role model, the parents' encouragement, the parents’ funding of the sports activity; 2. The Built-in / affirmative action for women's sports - religious, cultural, and traditional - the attitude towards women’s involved in sports; and 3. The exposure to sports at young age. This paper may contribute to the identification of the motivational factors that affect the frequency of physical activity of Israeli girls and female adolescents aged 6-12. Moreover, it suggests further research of possible efforts exerted to encourage girls (aged 6-12) to be more engaged in physical activity.
BANK CONCENTRATION INDEX ANALYSIS AND ITS EFFECTS
BANK CONCENTRATION INDEX ANALYSIS AND ITS EFFECTS
(BANK CONCENTRATION INDEX ANALYSIS AND ITS EFFECTS)
- Author(s):Adelina-Andreea Siriteanu, Erika-Maria Doacă, Alin Vasile Străchinaru
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:340-353
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:economic growth; public debt; Vector Autoregression Model, HHI;
- Summary/Abstract:In the current context, the states of the world are facing a high level of external debt. This paper aims to analyze the macroeconomic indicator, HHI, and its impact in relation to other macroeconomic indicators, considering the economic situation and the level of public debt in the Member States of the European Union.The analysis period is represented by the period 2005 - 2019, a period of 15 years with an annual frequency. The purpose of this paper is to capture the influence of the macroeconomic indicator (HHI) on economic growth, with direct implications for the level of debt.In this regard, we will use the VAR (Vector Autoregression Model). The results of the analysis show a causal relationship between this indicator and the indicators with a pronounced impact on public debt. There is also an inertia in both the evolution of the indicator in relation to the analysed indicators and the public debt, reflected by a more inversely proportional relationship.
VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHTS OF EUROPEAN CITIZENS IN THE ACTIVITY OF JUDICIAL BODIES. ECHR RECENT INSIGHT
VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHTS OF EUROPEAN CITIZENS IN THE ACTIVITY OF JUDICIAL BODIES. ECHR RECENT INSIGHT
(VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHTS OF EUROPEAN CITIZENS IN THE ACTIVITY OF JUDICIAL BODIES. ECHR RECENT INSIGHT)
- Author(s):Angela Tatu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
- Page Range:354-366
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:European citizens' rights; violations; ECHR; The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union;
- Summary/Abstract:Knowing the provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union also means knowing the rights of European citizens. These rights include: the legality of the criminalization of crimes and punishments, the right to a fair trial and the right to an effective appeal, the presumption of innocence, the right to defense, the proportionality of punishments in criminal matters in relation to the crimes committed, the right not to be tried or convicted a second time for the same act - ne bis in idem. In addition, we must also know the cases in which these rights can be violated, in order to signal possible abuses by various institutions against European citizens. Only by invoking them through the procedural means left at our disposal, of every European citizen, can we on the one hand defend ourselves, and on the other hand all those who are the authors of these abuses be sanctioned. This article aims, in addition to the previously revealed aspects, to show the reader concrete situations in which the main rights recognized to European citizens were violated by the judicial bodies in the activity of criminal prosecution or trial, by showing concrete examples of violations and the way to repair the damages caused. The goal is, beyond pointing them out, to teach future law practitioners not to "fall into the same sin", also violating the international provisions that enshrine these rights. ECHR practice was taken into account.
PROCESS AUTOMATION IN PUBLIC SERVICES
PROCESS AUTOMATION IN PUBLIC SERVICES
(PROCESS AUTOMATION IN PUBLIC SERVICES)
- Author(s):Dragos Ovidiu Tofan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Public Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:367-381
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:robotic process automation; data analysis; digitalization;
- Summary/Abstract:Robotic Process Automation - RPA technologies are recognized through the prism of the benefits obtained by streamlining some operations considered routine but with a large informational volume and having a high risk of error. Organizations that have already applied such software tools have recorded an increased yield in the field of data collection and provision of information in departments or segments of operational flows, aspect quantifiable through various key performance indicators. Budgetary institutions are perceived as cumbersome bodies in their functionality both in terms of information processing speed and in terms of interaction with the general public, which makes them, in theory at least, the perfect client for RPA. This study reveals the specificity of the budgetary environment in Romania, as well as some successful examples of RPA implementation within the governmental structures of countries that have adopted such "robots" in their internal mechanisms. A contextual analysis is proposed in order to underline the opportunities to insert the automation of the operational flows of the public institutions in Romania.
FINANCIAL FRAUDULENT REPORTING USING EXPENDITURE FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES. ROMANIAN LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE
FINANCIAL FRAUDULENT REPORTING USING EXPENDITURE FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES. ROMANIAN LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE
(FINANCIAL FRAUDULENT REPORTING USING EXPENDITURE FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES. ROMANIAN LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE)
- Author(s):Mihaela Tofan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
- Page Range:382-395
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:deductible expenses; consulting services; jurisprudence;
- Summary/Abstract:The financial fraudulent reporting includes the use of methods and mechanism to reduce the tax liability, diminishing the tax amount either by increasing the deductible expenses artificially or by cosmeticizing the non-deductible expenses into false deductible. The paper evaluates the tools used in practice to qualify the expenses incurred for the provision of consulting services used by companies, in the context of Romanian taxation and the trends manifested in international taxation. Considering the very diverse nature of the points of view expressed in relation to this subject, the present analysis carries out an evaluation from a theoretical and jurisprudential point of view of the arguments used to establish the (non)deductibility for this category of expenses. Identified solutions are presented in the context of the volatility of the regulations at the national level, noting the stability of the interpretations given in the solutions pronounced by the national courts, but also the edifying role of the interpretations made by the Court of Justice of the European Union, even when the pending litigation does not explicitly address the issue the tax treatment applied to the amounts spent as consultancy.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH FOR A COUNTRY'S ECONOMY. THE CASE OF ROMANIA
THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH FOR A COUNTRY'S ECONOMY. THE CASE OF ROMANIA
(THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH FOR A COUNTRY'S ECONOMY. THE CASE OF ROMANIA)
- Author(s):Mihaela Tomaziu-Todosia, Felicia-Cătălina Apetroi (Răcoare), Iuliana-Claudia Mihalache, Ecaterina Anton
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:396-408
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:economy; management; healthcare system; development;
- Summary/Abstract:A state's economic development has always been based on its citizens' health. Health contributes significantly to economic development, influences the economy, and is influenced by the economy. On the one hand, a country's economy is influenced by its population's health due to a lack of labor, early retirement, and demand for the medical system while on the other hand the economy is influenced by the population's health due to a lack of prevention measures. This study aims to highlight both the impact of health on the economy and the impact of the economy on health through qualitative and quantitative analysis. We intend to focus on Romania's status in terms of cardiovascular disease costs and the determinants of these diseases (the economic impact of health), as well as the economic impact of health on the economy through prevention programs. The research focuses on cardiovascular disease, which affects a large percentage of the population and is one of the primary causes of death.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ROMANIAN DIGITIZATION AUTHORITY IN THE PROCESS OF DIGITIZING THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ROMANIAN DIGITIZATION AUTHORITY IN THE PROCESS OF DIGITIZING THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES
(THE INFLUENCE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ROMANIAN DIGITIZATION AUTHORITY IN THE PROCESS OF DIGITIZING THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES)
- Author(s):Ioana-Marinela Turtă (Gavriluță), Matei-Andrei Cristian, Maria-Simona Cuciureanu, Grigore Nepotu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Public Administration
- Page Range:409-425
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:digitization; public institutions; Romanian Digitization Authority;
- Summary/Abstract:The digitalisation of public services is the main global reform in the 21st century. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted in Romania the need to digitize all public services in the shortest possible time, the stage until 2020 being incipient. Thus, the central authorities (Government of Romania) set up the Authority for the Digitization of Romania to support the digitization of public services in the country. The digitization of public services in a broad sense does not only refer to the connectivity of households to the Internet, but also to the platforms provided by public institutions to contribute to the opportunity for citizens to use them to stop interacting physically with civil servants. The study aims to highlight the purpose and role of the Romanian Digitization Authority and how public institutions have evolved in the digitization process from 2020 to the present. Romania faces two main problems in terms of digitization, one is related to educating citizens to use the tools / platforms provided by public authorities to use them in order to minimize the efforts of citizens in solving various problems (payment of taxes, complaining about situations in the community, issuing a tax certificate, etc.), and another is about developing platforms / tools in public institutions to support the community. Digitization highlights the interaction between the state and the citizen, and the institution created in Romania in 2020 aims to increase the percentage of this interaction.
DIMENSION OF CORRUPTION PHENOMENON FROM EUROPEAN UNION
DIMENSION OF CORRUPTION PHENOMENON FROM EUROPEAN UNION
(DIMENSION OF CORRUPTION PHENOMENON FROM EUROPEAN UNION)
- Author(s):Iuliana Ungureanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Public Administration, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:426-447
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:corruption; news; mass media corruption; corruption perceptions index; score; classification;
- Summary/Abstract:Over time, there have been doubts about how to measure corruption, as its very nature is largely hidden. The main way of measuring corruption was based on the perception provided by transnational indices that were extracted from a series of surveys and expert assessments. However, it is now widely recognised that such measurements are inherently prone to prejudice and serve as an imperfect proxy for real levels of corruption. At the same time, is appreciated that the intention to measure corruption, especially through the development of transnational data sets with a wide scope of application. In this case, we intend to estimate the corruption phenomenon in the European Union (EU) countries (27 countries) for 2019, based on the corruption perceptions index (CPI) and some independent variables that play an important role on the corruption phenomenon, namely: freedom of expression, level of education, the standard of living, political stability, trust in justice, trust in state institutions, fiscal pressure, soundness of the banking system, religion and fiscal morality. In this context, the research aims not only to develop an econometric model that could reflect truncated truths regarding the elements responsible for corrupt behaviors, but also to corroborate it with a reasoning of good faith and with the foundations already existing in the literature, so that we can manage to identify the determining components that shape the corrupt behavior and with the help of which to estimate the dimension of the corruption phenomenon. The final score obtained will reflect the estimated size of the corruption phenomenon for each analyzed country, and depending on the scores recorded at the country level, a classification will be made that will be divided into 3 zones (green zone – low level of corruption, orange zone – medium level of corruption and red zone – high level of corruption), which will be useful to investors who want to expand their business in other countries in order to compare the corruption phenomenon in his country with that of the country to which it relates.
