ERAZ 2021 / 7  - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Human Capital and Job Satisfaction During a Pandemic

Human Capital and Job Satisfaction During a Pandemic
(Human Capital and Job Satisfaction During a Pandemic)

Author(s):Liliya Nedkova Nedeva
Language:English
Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:1-10
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Pandemic; Home office; Satisfaction; Social capital; Social relations; Human capital; Connectivity; Distance; New reality; Communication; Effective organization; Management; Incentives; E-business pro
Summary/Abstract:The pandemic caused by COVID-19 is a global crisis that imposes travel restrictions, quarantines, and suspensions of much of its daily activities. The pandemic changed the real interest rates and the balance in the economy, made it difficult and almost impossible to financially forecast and plan the activities of organizations, increased the level of uncertainty in the economies of each country. This topic identifies possible and observed problems that have arisen in an unhealthy social environment and their impact on social resources (people), which integrate institutions, organizations and networks to perform actions of common benefit, through the challenge to transform their overall approach and model of business and social life management. The problems caused by the health crisis are identified and solved in progress, without prior preparation and without high expectations as a reflection on social units. During a pandemic, the prevention of human health, on the one hand, and ensuring business continuity, on the other, require adaptability and rapid solutions, adequate responses in unforeseen and unpredictable environments, related to effective transformations to reorganize the work regime, to engage, motivate and attract people in an online environment, but also keep the relationship with them alive. The so-called “new normal” causes changes in a person’s daily life, both as an individual and in society. Among the urgent new challenges is the question: “Does working from home contribute to higher productivity and wider development of one’s potential, and in this sense does the contribution to the development of the respective sector increase or is the “home office “perceived” as a constraint and demotivation?” The topic discusses and develops the idea of changing approaches to human capital, in order to feel safe and productive in the new job, which helps us in the process of overcoming the difficulties associated with an unhealthy Environment. Faced with a catastrophic decline in all elements of social capital, a positive start must be developed and a formula found for one’s own satisfaction, both for ourselves and for those with whom we are virtually connected. Investments in the changing work profiles, as well as in the change in the required qualities and competencies of the employees, corresponding to the new normality, should be seen as levers for convincing and effective support of the skills of the workforce and as a long-term advantage. Innovation, entrepreneurship, and knowledge are the basis for increasing the competitiveness of any company and its growth. Social capital helps the management of each company to actively respond to changes in the market in which they operate, to understand and meet customer needs in the most adequate way. Therefore, companies should be able to use their social capital in the most effective way to stimulate all their activities and, through the digitalization of processes and accumulation of new knowledge, to be able to meet various market challenges. While all companies strive to survive in a pandemic, the pressure of the pandemic has created an opportunity to use innovations and integrate capital management into e-business, forcing them to prioritize their processes and activities towards innovative flexible solutions.

How ICT Encourages Informal Mentoring Networks to Promote Gender Equality in Times of Pandemic

How ICT Encourages Informal Mentoring Networks to Promote Gender Equality in Times of Pandemic
(How ICT Encourages Informal Mentoring Networks to Promote Gender Equality in Times of Pandemic)

Author(s):Clara Silveira, Leonide Reis, Rita Costa, Maria Jose Costa
Language:English
Subject(s):Gender Studies, Health and medicine and law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:11-16
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Gender equality; Information and communication technologies; Engineering; Sustainable development goals
Summary/Abstract:Gender equality promotion initiatives are increasingly needed to foster the choice of the scientific area of engineering. Currently, in higher education, it is observed that regarding engineering courses women practically have no representation in relation to the number of male students. The article presents the problem in the field of Gender Equality interrelating with the Sustainable Development Goals. The research methodology adopted is Design Science Research, given the specificity of the problem. The main results and contributions are the literature review in the field of the theme under study, as well as the various initiatives in the national Portuguese context and focus on a set of instruments of debate and dissemination involving testimonies of former students and the community. These initiatives promote Gender Equality in engineering courses in Higher Education, enhancing the choice of these courses.

Students During Pandemic. Time Spent Studying and Courses

Students During Pandemic. Time Spent Studying and Courses
(Students During Pandemic. Time Spent Studying and Courses)

Author(s):Rejla Bozdo
Language:English
Subject(s):Education, Health and medicine and law, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:17-21
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Covid-19; Students; Education
Summary/Abstract:A great percentage of 94% of students were out of school worldwide during the peak of school closings, in April 2020, according to the World Bank. The pandemic year of Covid-19 posed education all over the world in a context of huge uncertainty. Students and schools had to navigate through options of either hybrid, remote learning, or no schooling at all. For the families, 2020 was a year with great stress and panic. Lockdowns changed people’s lifestyles, so they moved to a new set of habits and consumer behavior. This research aims to investigate students’ behavior during 2020 regarding the variables: level of professional knowledge gained during 2020, the need for courses other than the academic ones, how many courses were taken as a response to the need and the number of hours dedicated to studying compared to the amount of time spent before 2020. An online survey was conducted among students of higher education institutions, in Albania, which shows that more than 47.2% of the respondents have spent fewer hours studying during 2020 compared to the time they used to study before the pandemic. Regarding other courses taken during this period, considering to add value to their professional career, more than 60% of respondents declared that they did not take any additional courses, even though when asked about the need to attend these courses they answered with a mean of 3.68 in a scale (1 to 5, where 1 is not at all and 5 is too much).

Innovations in Online Education in Post-COVID-19

Innovations in Online Education in Post-COVID-19
(Innovations in Online Education in Post-COVID-19)

Author(s):Silvia Matúšová
Language:English
Subject(s):Education, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:23-35
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:Skill; Competence; Innovation; Online education
Summary/Abstract:The COVID 19 pandemic found the management of universities and many university teachers well prepared, but others only partially acquainted with the use of electronic tools in teaching. Many universities in Slovakia have been working for a long time (ten to fifteen years) with technical support for education and supplement the full-time form of teaching with thematic e-learning packages, for instance in the moodle system. They can work with them in full-time and distance education. However, the COVID-19 pandemic redirected teaching from full-time teaching exclusively to a mediated technically supported approach to online education. The paper aims to define and analyse online education in terms of digital skills and competences requirements. Particular attention is paid to the key digital skills and competences of higher education teachers working in a new educational reality framed by the effects of digital transformation, which requires higher education educators to create and apply innovations in online education at universities.

Potential Corruption of Science about COVID 19

Potential Corruption of Science about COVID 19
(Potential Corruption of Science about COVID 19)

Author(s):Aleš Pachmann
Language:English
Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Business Ethics, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:37-42
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Corruption; Sars-CoV-2; Symptomatic; Asymptomatic; Presymptomatic; Postsymptomatic
Summary/Abstract:Covid-19 is the disease. When someone is PCR test Sars-CoV-2 positive – it does not necessarily mean that such person is sick or spreads the virus. Clinical evaluation is needed to determine such information. The author of this paper examines the hypothesis that only sick (symptomatic) persons or persons with high viral load (under certain circumstances – coughing, sneezing and maybe loud talking and singing) can transfer Sars- CoV-2 to others. This paper aims to analyse and evaluate other methods of testing for SARS-CoV-2 than PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs (or saliva/throat/front nose samples). Suggested is PCR testing from real clinical face masks samples to evaluate the condition of the test subject and his ability to spread the virus. Potential corruption is in scientific claims that PCR testing from nasopharyngeal swabs (or saliva/throat/front nose samples) is so-called “gold standard”. A critical overview of current literature on this topic was provided and research with surface and air samples collections in hospitals in rooms with only symptomatic and only asymptomatic patients. Recommendations for public policy are done.

The COVID-19 Challenge and the Sustainability of the Bulgarian Banking Sector

The COVID-19 Challenge and the Sustainability of the Bulgarian Banking Sector
(The COVID-19 Challenge and the Sustainability of the Bulgarian Banking Sector)

Author(s):Svilen Kolev
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Health and medicine and law, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:43-49
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Bank management; Banking system; Regulations
Summary/Abstract:The paper examines the effects and the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic on the banking sector in Bulgaria. The research describes the response from the global and European regulatory authorities. An emphasis is placed on the national regulatory measures and the condition of the banking system in Bulgaria. Financial soundness and sustainability indicators about the banks operating in Bulgaria on aggregate basis are analyzed. The recent developments regarding the position of the banking sector and lending dynamics are also viewed. Conclusions and a brief discussion about possible future challenges and prospects are made, in terms of a potential subsiding of COVID-19.

COVID-19 Effects on SMEs Businesses in the Durres Region

COVID-19 Effects on SMEs Businesses in the Durres Region
(COVID-19 Effects on SMEs Businesses in the Durres Region)

Author(s):Osman Metalla, Shkëlqim Fortuzi
Language:English
Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:51-56
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:SME; Lockdown; Income; Employees
Summary/Abstract:The effects of Covid 19 have hit the global economy; therefore, the Albanian economy could not be excluded from these effects. This paper examines the issues that small and medium enterprises in Albania are facing under the current conditions identifying the most significant difficulties the SMEs are facing. SMEs have been severely affected, starting with the illnesses of the employers, quarantine and lockdown of the businesses reduced demand for different products and insufficient supply. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects that Covid-19 had in small and medium enterprises regarding the consequences of restriction measures taken by the government had in terms of production, income, number of employees reduction, the way of doing business and how ready are these companies to return in the post-Covid period. The data were gathered through structured questionnaires and analysed by the authors. The result shows that Small and Medium Size Enterprises have been heavily affected by Covid-19 in terms of income, way of doing business and in reducing the number of employees.

Innovations as a Means of Restarting Tourism in the Slovak Republic in the Period After COVID-19

Innovations as a Means of Restarting Tourism in the Slovak Republic in the Period After COVID-19
(Innovations as a Means of Restarting Tourism in the Slovak Republic in the Period After COVID-19)

Author(s):Vojtech Kollar, Silvia Matúšová
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
Page Range:57-65
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Tourism; Innovation; Sustainability
Summary/Abstract:The competitiveness of tourism and its sustainability is conditioned by the ability of tourism stakeholders to use the existing innovation environment. Empirical results support the fact that the tourism sector shows differentiated innovation behavior in the sector of services. Economic performance in tourism determines the type of innovation and the type of business. The paper focuses on innovations, which, together with other factors, are considered to be the driving force behind a possible restart of tourism in the Slovak Republic in the period after COVID-19. Innovations are understood as creative activities that induce deliberate change that will bring in technical, technological, economic, or social benefits. They are an essential part of modern business. Using a questionnaire survey, PESTLE analysis and SWOT analysis, a survey focused on the application of innovations in tourism was conducted. The target group was represented by travel agencies in a selected region of the Slovak Republic.

Applied Theory of Markets and Sustainable Growth – A Different Perspective

Applied Theory of Markets and Sustainable Growth – A Different Perspective
(Applied Theory of Markets and Sustainable Growth – A Different Perspective)

Author(s):Rasto Ovin, Nuša Lazar
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Business Economy / Management
Page Range:67-75
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Political market; External effects of ignorant politics; Retaining of civilization standards
Summary/Abstract:The term “sustainable growth” the authors will apply to the social and partly economic field and not to ecology – natural environment, which is usually the case. The use of the term “applied theory of markets” derives from the fact that a new insight of markets functioning will be discussed – based on empirical facts and data if necessary. This paper will start from the Arrow-Debreu model (1954) and its interpretation as a theory by Radner (1970 in: Majumdar 1998). It will be argued that the absence of considering all possible markets although they proved to be functioning, brought unwanted consequences, which in some respect are threatening to turn the civilization clock back and are pushing contemporary priorities. From the view of the applied theory of markets, the sources of destructive national politics becoming reality in some countries will be discussed and possibly explained.

The Lessons Learned from the Great Recession

The Lessons Learned from the Great Recession
(The Lessons Learned from the Great Recession)

Author(s):Csaba Kurtucz
Language:English
Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Economic development
Page Range:77-83
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Global economic crisis; Federal Reserve; GDP
Summary/Abstract:The lessons learned from the crisis management of the 2008 Great Recession stem from significant structural differences between the two centers of the world, the United States and the eurozone. In the case of the United States, a monetary, fiscal and political union is realized, with a single economic policy, operates as a coherent unit, uniting the three areas. In the case of the eurozone, we can talk about a monetary union. The crisis has highlighted the structural flaws of the eurozone because without a unified fiscal policy no effective economic policy can be achieved. The symptoms of the euro area crisis weren’t the consequences of the global economic downturn; rather the stalling of the integration process, the lack of real convergence, and the weaknesses of monetary and fiscal policy were the problems that have been brought to the fore and exacerbated by the crisis.

Assessing Government Involvement in the Balkan Countries’ Economies

Assessing Government Involvement in the Balkan Countries’ Economies
(Assessing Government Involvement in the Balkan Countries’ Economies)

Author(s):Presiana Nenkova, Velichka Nikolova, Angel Angelov
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Economic policy
Page Range:85-91
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Government; Fiscal policy; Balkan countries; Cluster analysis
Summary/Abstract:The extent to which the government intervene the marketplace and the government’s role in the economy is an important factor, determining the economic results achieved by a country. In the academic literature, the question of whether the promotion of this participation contributes to an improvement of the development of a nation or, on the contrary, can contribute to a loss of competitive advantages, is debatable. This study focuses on the degree of involvement of national governments in the economies of the Balkan region countries. For the purpose of analysis, a cluster analysis is applied, through which the Balkan countries are divided into several groups (clusters), characterized by different degrees of government participation. Three periods are considered - before and in the first years of the global economic and financial crisis, as well as just before the current COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis is supplemented by an assessment of the impact of individual clusters on the economic development of these countries.

Analysis of the Process of Regionalisation and Regional Socio-Economic Development in the Republic of Bulgaria

Analysis of the Process of Regionalisation and Regional Socio-Economic Development in the Republic of Bulgaria
(Analysis of the Process of Regionalisation and Regional Socio-Economic Development in the Republic of Bulgaria)

Author(s):Krassimira Zagorova
Language:English
Subject(s):Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:93-99
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:European Union; Territorial units; Republic of Bulgaria; Planning regions; Gross domestic product; Socio-economic development
Summary/Abstract:Users of European statistical data have expressed their objective need for harmonization of the statistical methods and approaches in order to enable the provision of comparable analytical data for the entire European Union (EU). With the accession of Bulgaria as an EU member country, the systematization of the country’s regions is implemented on the basis of the adopted thresholds for territorial classification of the European Union, by introducing a three-level regionalization (zoning), in agreement with the criteria of the territorial units NUTS level 1, NUTS level 2 and NUTS level 3. From this perspective, the paper focuses exclusively on key economic indicators at NUTS level 2 on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, more particularly on the gross domestic product per capita, employment and unemployment rates, level of socioeconomic activities by country’s regions, and reveals, in conclusion, the pronounced imbalances in the development of individual regions.

Directions for Reducing Excessive Import Dependence of Ukraine’s Economy

Directions for Reducing Excessive Import Dependence of Ukraine’s Economy
(Directions for Reducing Excessive Import Dependence of Ukraine’s Economy)

Author(s):Volodymyr Olefir
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, International relations/trade
Page Range:101-107
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Import dependence; Import substitution; Trade policy; Competitiveness; Globalization; Ukraine
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions and methods of reducing excessive import dependence of the Ukrainian economy. To achieve the goal of the study, the following methods were used: comparison, grouping, averages, seasonal smoothing of time series, factor analysis. The level and dynamics of import dependence of the Ukrainian economy are estimated. A comparative analysis of the import dependence of the Ukrainian economy with the import dependence of the economies of other countries was made. It is proved that the level of import dependence of Ukraine’s economy is excessive. The main reasons for excessive import dependence are identified. The negative consequences of excessive import dependence have been studied. Foreign experience of increasing competitiveness and reducing import dependence is analyzed. The effectiveness of national programs to increase domestic production is summarized. Directions to reduce excessive import dependence are proposed. The concept of rational protectionism is substantiated.

Development Management of Innovation Businesses in Light of Slovak Enterprises

Development Management of Innovation Businesses in Light of Slovak Enterprises
(Development Management of Innovation Businesses in Light of Slovak Enterprises)

Author(s):Ladislav Mura
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Business Economy / Management
Page Range:109-117
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Innovations; Business; Development management; Start-ups
Summary/Abstract:Small and medium-sized enterprises represent the largest scale of private enterprises both on an international and national (Slovakia) scale. These are often the companies that launch new conceptual solutions and improve existing products or services. Start-ups have a strong drive and expand entrepreneurial activity through innovation. In the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, start-up initiatives have an even greater opportunity to emphasize their business activity, as they can conduct their activity online and are not strictly tied to specific locations unlike other types of SMEs. This paper is addressing the field of entrepreneurship, management and development of innovative businesses. The aim of this paper is to present the latest research results in the field of innovative and start-up businesses in Slovakia. The article reflects on the up-to-date theoretical background of the issue based on empirical research on innovative activity of the SME sector with a special focus on start-ups.

Empirical Analysis of State-owned Enterprises’ Non-Financial Reporting: The Case of Ukraine

Empirical Analysis of State-owned Enterprises’ Non-Financial Reporting: The Case of Ukraine
(Empirical Analysis of State-owned Enterprises’ Non-Financial Reporting: The Case of Ukraine)

Author(s):Yana Oliinyk, Maria Kucheriava, Alla Zinchenko, Iryna Titarenko
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, National Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:119-133
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Non-financial reporting; Directive 2013/34/EU; Directive 2014/95/EU; Management report; State-owned enterprises
Summary/Abstract:The paper puts forward the following fundamental hypothesis: assurance of transparency and quality of non-financial reporting of SOE, the decisive role in the regulation of which belongs to the state as the owner of assets, requires effective, efficient regulatory support that can ensure the achievement of sustainable development. The study provided evidence that the number of Ukrainian SOE that prepare management reports has increased since the introduction of the relevant legislation. The practical value of the study is to improve existing and introduce new tools for assessing the impact of institutional factors on financial and non-financial disclosure by SOE regarding compliance with the principles of sustainable development in a transitional economy.

Macro-Environment Factors Determining SME Development in the Slovak Republic

Macro-Environment Factors Determining SME Development in the Slovak Republic
(Macro-Environment Factors Determining SME Development in the Slovak Republic)

Author(s):Katarína Kráľová, Jana Sochuľáková, Dagmar Petrušova
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Business Economy / Management
Page Range:135-141
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Macro environment; Micro, small and medium enterprises; Gross wage; Unemployment; Regional GDP
Summary/Abstract:Business in the segment of small and medium enterprises has its specifics. Due to their size, these companies have several advantages over large companies, but also several disadvantages. An important factor for the development of the economy is the performance and success of small and medium-sized enterprises, which depend not only on their ability to effectively use production factors or internal resources but also on the structure and quality of the business environment. The presented paper aims to describe the development of the macroeconomic environment in the Slovak Republic and its impact on the development of SMEs through the analysis of selected specific national economic indicators, as well as to outline other possible directions. By analysing selected macro indicators, we want to capture the development trends of the environment in which SMEs carry out their business activities, and which can significantly affect them.

SME Support on Regional Level in Republic of North Macedonia – The Role of the Business Centers Within the Centers for Development of the Planning Regions

SME Support on Regional Level in Republic of North Macedonia – The Role of the Business Centers Within the Centers for Development of the Planning Regions
(SME Support on Regional Level in Republic of North Macedonia – The Role of the Business Centers Within the Centers for Development of the Planning Regions)

Author(s):Marija Karaeva, Vesna Goceva Mihajlovska
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic policy
Page Range:143-146
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Business centers; SME; Regional development
Summary/Abstract:Entrepreneurship has received increased attention during the last few decades. Private entrepreneurship provides numerous opportunities for the economic development of society. Entrepreneurship marks its peak through the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). The advantages and attributions from SMEs have been widely accepted as a great influence factor on job creation and support of regional revitalization, based on the development of indigenous resources, great flexibility and promotion of industrial innovation. Entrepreneurship also provides a solid basis for sustainable local and regional economic development. It contributes towards decreasing the regional disparities both, within the country itself and among countries as well. SMEs are supposed to initiate economic development in underdeveloped regions with very high poverty levels and living standards, thus alleviating the economic and social integration of the country. Taking this into consideration, there is a need for local and regional structures in the country to concentrate their activities on providing various measures and activities aimed at initiating and stimulating the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Yesterday CSR Initiatives, Tomorrow Social Enterprises

Yesterday CSR Initiatives, Tomorrow Social Enterprises
(Yesterday CSR Initiatives, Tomorrow Social Enterprises)

Author(s):Oana Staiculescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:147-152
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Social enterprises; Social economy; CSR
Summary/Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has left an overwhelming impact on socio-economic life around the world. In the current context, in which we are still facing a new coronavirus pandemic wave, the negative impact is becoming difficult to quantify. Therefore, it can be said that the world is in a moment of reflection, in which new opportunities must be identified in order to accelerate social and economic recovery. If in the past CSR initiatives were considered a breath of fresh air, today we look with confidence to a future in which there is a whole range of opportunities due to the activities of social enterprises. Therefore, this article aims to highlight the possibility of defining the social economy through social enterprises that offer a new way of doing business.

Enterprise’s Trust in Stakeholders: For a New Culture of Sustainability. Investigation on Companies Listed on the Italian Stock Exchange

Enterprise’s Trust in Stakeholders: For a New Culture of Sustainability. Investigation on Companies Listed on the Italian Stock Exchange
(Enterprise’s Trust in Stakeholders: For a New Culture of Sustainability. Investigation on Companies Listed on the Italian Stock Exchange)

Author(s):Katia Giusepponi
Language:English
Subject(s):Financial Markets
Page Range:153-161
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Collaborative enterprise; ESG value; Engagement methods
Summary/Abstract:The premise of this study is that the essence and concreteness of stakeholder engagement, within sustainability practices, derive from the trust attributed by the company to the value of stakeholder contribution in terms of ideas, points of view and evaluation. The significance of stakeholder engagement processes and results expressed by the company is therefore a signal of this trust, indicator which can be identified and appraised by studying the corporate sustainability reporting systems. The work highlights the findings of an investigation carried out in this field, with the focus on the sustainability reports of large Italian listed companies. Alongside relevant positive examples, some areas of resistance to fully inclusive approaches emerge. Elements of reflection arise from this, in the perspective of the evolution of the corporate culture in terms of integrated sustainability, and quality of business decisions.

The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and The Chaotic Growth Model

The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and The Chaotic Growth Model
(The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and The Chaotic Growth Model)

Author(s):Vesna Jablanović
Language:English
Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets
Page Range:163-169
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Financial markets; Financial crises; Equilibrium
Summary/Abstract:Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (the S&P 500) includes the stocks of 500 of the most widely traded stocks in the U.S. It represents about 80% of the total value of U.S. stock markets. The basic aims of this paper are: firstly, to create the simple chaotic stock market index growth model that is capable of generating stable equilibrium, cycles, or chaos; secondly, to analyze the local stability of the S&P 500 index movements in the period 1932-1982; thirdly, to analyze the local stability of the S&P 500 index movements in the period 1982-2009; and fourthly, to discover the equilibrium levels of the S&P 500 index in the observed periods. This paper confirms the existence of the stable convergent fluctuations of the S&P 500 index in the observed periods. Further, two Elliot wave patterns were identified in the period 1932-2009. Also, the golden ratio can be used to define the equilibrium level of the S&P 500 index in the presented chaotic model.

Volatility Estimation of Euribor and Equilibrium Forecasting

Volatility Estimation of Euribor and Equilibrium Forecasting
(Volatility Estimation of Euribor and Equilibrium Forecasting)

Author(s):Llesh Lleshaj
Language:English
Subject(s):Financial Markets
Page Range:171-177
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Euribor; Volatility modeling; GARCH forecasting; EMH
Summary/Abstract:Euribor rates (Euro Interbank Offered Rate) rates are considered to be the most important reference rates in the European money market. The interest rates do provide the basis for the price and interest rates of all kinds of financial products like interest rate swaps, interest rate futures, saving accounts and mortgages. Since September 2014, this index has performed with negative rates. In recent years, several European central banks have imposed negative interest rates on commercial banks, as the only way to stimulate their nations’ economies. Under these circumstances, the purpose of this study is to estimate the gap of the negative rates which are still increasing constantly. This fact puts in question the financial stability in many countries and the effect of monetary policy on stimulating economic growth around European countries. According to the daily data 2016 - 2021, this study has analyzed the volatility of the Euribor index related to efficient market hypothesis and volatility clustering. Applying advanced volatility econometric methods, GARCH volatility models are derived and the long-run equilibrium is predicted. Practical Implications are related to the empirical impacts that ought to be taken into consideration by the banking sector and other financial institutions to make decisions with the Euribor index.

Mechanisms for Developing a Portfolio of Projects based on the Organization’s Sustainability Strategy

Mechanisms for Developing a Portfolio of Projects based on the Organization’s Sustainability Strategy
(Mechanisms for Developing a Portfolio of Projects based on the Organization’s Sustainability Strategy)

Author(s):Oxana Klimenko, Svetlana Apenko
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:179-188
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Strategy; Sustainable development; Project management; Sustainability in projects; Projects portfolios
Summary/Abstract:A large number of organizations \choose sustainable development as their strategy. At the same time, the project format of the strategy implementation is growing, project management and strategic management are increasingly used in interconnections. However, the lack of mechanisms for translating the sustainable development strategy into the project portfolio is a pressing issue. The purpose of our research is to study the practice of translating a sustainability strategy into the projects of organizations, identify challenges and propose mechanisms for integrating a sustainability strategy in the formation of a project portfolio. The main method applied for the research is the method of analyzing case studies. We studied 3 cases of three organizations on the implementation of strategic principles of sustainability in specific projects of digitalization and telecommunications. The study demonstrated the lack of clear mechanisms for translating the sustainability strategy into a portfolio of projects. The authors’ proposals, firstly, contribute to the development of the theory and methodology of project management and strategic management in their relationship; secondly, they may be of interest to professionals and managers developing a sustainability strategy and forming portfolios of projects for this strategy.

European Taxes and Incentives to Support the Environmental Transition

European Taxes and Incentives to Support the Environmental Transition
(European Taxes and Incentives to Support the Environmental Transition)

Author(s):Silvia Velarde Aramayo
Language:English
Subject(s):Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Green Transformation
Page Range:189-197
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Green taxes; Environmental tax policy; Green subsidies; Environmental expenditure
Summary/Abstract:The EU-27 has multiple environmental policy instruments among which revenues-based mechanisms and direct or indirect subsidies stand out. In the first group, around 142 taxes have been identified, whose objective is to reduce GHG emissions. The second group includes tax incentives divided into five very broad categories. To this must be added the spending on environmental protection that has grown until reaching 269 EUR billion in the last year (analyzed by Eurostat). The tax structures in the EU-27, Iceland, Norway, and United Kingdom are quite similar and show how the main segment comes from taxes on energy followed by taxes on transport, and taxes on pollution or resources. Some of them, more than an environmental goal, has the purpose of collecting taxes. The article seeks to underline the need to jointly manage the revenues and expenditures policy in environmental matters and increase control over its use, implementation, recipients, and effectiveness.

Cloud Computing in Accounting and Digital Financial Reporting in Albania

Cloud Computing in Accounting and Digital Financial Reporting in Albania
(Cloud Computing in Accounting and Digital Financial Reporting in Albania)

Author(s):Rezarta Perri (Shkurti)
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:199-206
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Accounting software; Information technology; Cloud computing
Summary/Abstract:Recent technological changes have had a great impact on the accounting and financial environment all over the world. Albania has also been affected by these changes and developments such as the widespread use of interactive accounting information packages, financial web reporting, and cloud computing. This paper tries to analyze the current situation of accounting and financial reporting in Albania and the impact that web reporting and cloud computing have had on the simplification of accounting procedures. Several tools such as online reporting and Extensive Business Reporting language are presented and their impact on the use of the accounting systems and other financial reporting instruments in Albania is explained. This paper finds that cloud computing has been used extensively by the private companies offering accounting information systems in Albania whereas Extensive Business Reporting language and the IFRS Taxonomy have not attained great recognition in Albania.

The Primary Objective of any Business is to Build Sustainable Competitiveness in the Market

The Primary Objective of any Business is to Build Sustainable Competitiveness in the Market
(The Primary Objective of any Business is to Build Sustainable Competitiveness in the Market)

Author(s):Rade Kovač
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:207-213
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Competitive; Advantage; Strategic; Segmentation; Positioning; Customer; Adaptation; Value
Summary/Abstract:Building a competitive advantage in the market is the basic goal of every company and represents an organizational ability to create significantly more value for the customer and differentiate itself from its competitors. It also represents the power of the company to adapt and respond to customer demands and desires and the challenges of competition that arise in times of daily change and dynamic environment of the company, it serves as the ability of the company to consistently, in the long-term, beat its competitors in the market. The competitive advantage of a company consists of owning or creating certain features that customers seek and accept with which the company differs from the competition. Competitive advantage, on which TQM is based upon, refers to the correct segmentation and selection of target market and positioning, defining and using a tactically correct recipe of the marketing mix, selection of effective strategy and its implementation, thus control of each step in order to redefine timely activities.

The Importance of the Development of Managerial Competencies in the Conditions of Sustainability

The Importance of the Development of Managerial Competencies in the Conditions of Sustainability
(The Importance of the Development of Managerial Competencies in the Conditions of Sustainability)

Author(s):Malgorzata Zakrzewska, Malgorzata Kosala
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:215-221
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Competence; Sustainability; Sustainable competencies
Summary/Abstract:The paper concerns the importance of the development of managerial competencies for Sustainability. The importance is argued by dynamic changes in the environment of all management areas, for example, Revolution 4.0. The article provides the reader with information about the concept of sustainable development, presents the essence of the development of managerial competencies in the conditions of Sustainability and presents examples of competencies that favor the sustainable management of organizations based on the literature review. The authors indicated several key competencies from the Sustainability point of view, for example, leadership and strategy. The main contribution of the article to science is the need to conduct studies in the field of key competencies for sustainable development and to create a universal model for all managers who follow the principles of sustainable development in their work.

A Synoptic View of the Albanian Qualifications Framework

A Synoptic View of the Albanian Qualifications Framework
(A Synoptic View of the Albanian Qualifications Framework)

Author(s):Ejvis (Shehi) Gishti
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:223-228
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Qualification; Qualification framework; Level descriptor; Learning outcomes
Summary/Abstract:This research addresses a synoptic analysis of the state of play of the qualifications aligned with the Albanian Qualifications Framework (AQF). One of the main features of human resource development is the development of a national qualification framework within which can be obtained all the necessary professional competences. Albania is gradually shifting from traditional qualifications into outcome based modern ones. Research methodology includes qualitative analysis, covering legal framework, strategic documents, other research papers related to the focus of this article. The study adopted a qualitative approach. After 10 years of AQF developments and implementation, there is a need to restart the discussion on the number of AQF levels and, when needed, respective sub-levels in order to have a current common understanding among stakeholders about qualifications types and their relationship to each other. AQF implementation is linked with its contribution to policy goals such as lifelong learning and increasing the quality of education and training in Albania. For better development and implementation of the AQF, the responsible institutions should work in accordance with common principles, practices and criteria for the main respective functions: development of standards and qualifications, accrediting institutions to supply these qualifications; and, quality assuring assessment and certification.

Occupational Profiles Required for the Future – Need or Fiction?

Occupational Profiles Required for the Future – Need or Fiction?
(Occupational Profiles Required for the Future – Need or Fiction?)

Author(s):Tatjana Janovac, Saša Virijević Jovanović
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:229-234
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Labour market; Changes; Occupational profiles; Covid-19
Summary/Abstract:Problems caused by Covid–19 led to the slowdowns of economic growth in many countries, which affected the labour market as well. The global recession, structural changes in economies and rapid development of robotics have also resulted in disappearance of many jobs. Hence, there is an actual need for new labour-market orientation, as well as occupational profiles that will respond to the challenges of modern business flows. Besides the changes provoked by the pandemic crisis on the world labour market, this paper also analyses the main indicators of the labour market in the Republic of Serbia. The paper also explores the need in defining new occupational profiles based on trends such as automation, robotics and sustainability.

Impact of the Application of Collective Agreements on the Financial Situation of Public Healthcare Institutions in the FBiH

Impact of the Application of Collective Agreements on the Financial Situation of Public Healthcare Institutions in the FBiH
(Impact of the Application of Collective Agreements on the Financial Situation of Public Healthcare Institutions in the FBiH)

Author(s):Rade Kovač, Namik Čolaković
Language:English
Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:235-242
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Collective agreement; Public healthcare institutions; Financial impact; Salaries
Summary/Abstract:The signing of collective agreements in the healthcare sector at the cantonal level in the FBiH has to increase funds for employees’ salaries in line with legal provisions as well as provisions of the collective agreements. The increase in salary allocations at the level of healthcare institutions, as a result of the application of collective agreements which was not accompanied by an adequate increase in revenue, could leave healthcare institutions in a difficult financial position. This paper focuses on assessing the financial impact of the application of healthcare collective agreements on the work of public institutions operating within the FBiH healthcare system. The primary aim of this research is to highlight the need for coordination and cooperation among all institutions of the system when entering into collective agreements with citizens. Lack of coordination may result in financial difficulties for public institutions when applying the collective agreements, which will be explained using the case of one public healthcare institution operating as part of the healthcare system in one of the cantons in the FBiH.

Subject of Sociology of Law in the Legal Order of Modern Globalized Society

Subject of Sociology of Law in the Legal Order of Modern Globalized Society
(Subject of Sociology of Law in the Legal Order of Modern Globalized Society)

Author(s):Slobodan Petrović
Language:English
Subject(s):History of Law, Law on Economics
Page Range:243-248
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Sociology of law; Legal order; Social behavior; Globalized society; State
Summary/Abstract:The state is a social community that represents a multitude of individuals and the interactions between them. From this, we conclude that the state is a legal and a social being. Max Weber claimed that the assignment of sociology is “to understand social behavior through interpretation.” Both then and today, the subject of the sociology of law is social behavior. The legal order encompasses, analyzes, and acts on the actions performed by persons as citizens or bodies of the state who interpret their behavior. The state is a social reality within the legal order because all individuals belonging to the same state constitute a unity, i.e., one state’s population. The population is one of the three basic elements of the state. According to these same constituents, the sociology that studies the state is interested in analyzing that behavior. This paper will specifically analyze human behavior oriented towards the legal order, the normative character of the state, the problem of society in a globalized world, and the impact of globalization on the legal system through the movement of individuals in legal systems and societies.

Constitutional Framework of Free Economy in Theory and Practice of the Republic of Serbia

Constitutional Framework of Free Economy in Theory and Practice of the Republic of Serbia
(Constitutional Framework of Free Economy in Theory and Practice of the Republic of Serbia)

Author(s):Slobodan Petrović
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Constitutional Law
Page Range:249-253
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Constitution; Freedom of economy; Entrepreneurship; State; Mixed economy
Summary/Abstract:One of the key elements of any democratic society in the world is economic freedom. Today, there is almost no democratic state where the economy is entirely state-owned or completely free of state legislation. However, we can conclude that today, the so-called “mixed economies” still prevail, which are characterized on the one hand by private companies, and on the other hand, by state control of the economy. In such economies, in the interaction of producers and consumers on the free market, the freedom of the economy guaranteed by the constitution is achieved. In this case, the state does not determine the price of products. The freedom of the economy guaranteed by the constitution contrasts with the economy based on central state planning.

Establishing a Quality Management System in the Function of Quality Assurance in Higher Education

Establishing a Quality Management System in the Function of Quality Assurance in Higher Education
(Establishing a Quality Management System in the Function of Quality Assurance in Higher Education)

Author(s):Tatjana Janovac, Saša Virijević Jovanović
Language:English
Subject(s):Higher Education
Page Range:255-261
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Higher education institution (HEI); Quality assurance (QA); Standards; Quality management system (QMS)
Summary/Abstract:In the system of higher education, quality assurance presents a comprehensive term that includes all mechanisms, processes and activities that education institutions use in order to establish, maintain and improve quality in all areas of work. However, regardless of adopted legislation and standards for quality assurance in higher education, quality is still difficult to establish in the daily activities of higher education institutions. The research presented in this paper aims to indicate the importance of implementing quality management systems as an effective tool for providing quality in higher education.

Professional Development of Teachers in the Context of Modern Education

Professional Development of Teachers in the Context of Modern Education
(Professional Development of Teachers in the Context of Modern Education)

Author(s):Jelena Maksimović, Jelena Osmanović Zajić, Milica Dimitrijević
Language:English
Subject(s):Vocational Education, State/Government and Education, Pedagogy
Page Range:263-270
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Professional development; Professional training; Teachers; Pedagogues; Education
Summary/Abstract:Professional development of teachers is a current issue today. Professional development and professional training of teachers are defined as changing and upgrading themselves and their work, in accordance with their own needs, the needs of science and profession, all in the direction of achieving a certain goal and achieving the most efficient results in work. The paper discusses the role of pedagogues in the professional development of teachers. The cognitive goal of the research is aimed at examining: teachers’ attitudes about the role of pedagogues in their professional development, the most common forms of professional development of teachers in the field of education, professional development, cooperation between pedagogues and teachers, as well as potential obstacles in this important area of professional development. In the theoretical study of this problem, we used the method of theoretical analysis and descriptive method, while for data collection we used the scaling technique with the Likert-type rating scale (SPUSN), whose reliability was examined with stress parameters as metric characteristics. 123 teachers in the territory of the Republic of Serbia participated in the research. The findings were considered in relation to the work experience of teachers and the education cycle, p <,> 0.05.

Lesson Study: Contemporary Motivating Tool for Active and Reflective Learning Approach

Lesson Study: Contemporary Motivating Tool for Active and Reflective Learning Approach
(Lesson Study: Contemporary Motivating Tool for Active and Reflective Learning Approach)

Author(s):Zhaneta Chonteva, Kate Trajkova
Language:English
Subject(s):Education, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:271-282
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Lesson study; Assessment for learning; Critical thinking
Summary/Abstract:Innovation of teaching approaches and motivation of students to become active and reflective learners had been at the core of education reform taking place in North Macedonia over the last 20 years. One key reform tool was the introduction of the Lesson Study. A lesson study is a collaborative approach towards developing and researching pedagogy. In attempting to implement said approach, teachers develop a deeper knowledge of both pedagogy and subject content knowledge. This leads to higher standards of educational achievement of students on all educational levels. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the utilizing of the Lesson Study approach in thirty primary schools in North Macedonia involved in the Erasmus Plus Project: Assessment for Learning: Setting and Using Success Criteria in Math and Science Lessons in Primary Education (2016-2019). Findings indicate that the Lesson Study approach is a useful way to deal with the reconstruction of the students’ role in the process of teaching and learning. Moreover, building students as active and reflective learners increase their preparedness to meet challenges of the complex social reality.

Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom

Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom
(Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom)

Author(s):Tatjana Dugošija
Language:English
Subject(s):Adult Education, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:283-291
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Business English; Employability skills; Higher education
Summary/Abstract:In a globalized world, characterized by the interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures and populations and therefore requiring a shared means of communication, English has obtained the status of the lingua franca in both academic and business contexts and it has been extensively used in scientific, economic and political fields. Consequently, English has become essential for the entire workforce whose career prospects on the labor market are largely dependent on their English language proficiency, the ability to communicate effectively and overcome language and cultural barriers. Being spoken by over one billion people, English is used in a wide range of settings such as international business, diplomacy, science, technology, education, travel and entertainment. The status of English as an international language and its impact on the improvement of career prospects have resulted in enormous development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), an approach primarily focusing on developing learners’ communicative competence in specific professional fields such as business and economics, science, medicine, technology, tourism, social studies, etc. Business English (BE), as a branch of ESP, implies teaching specialized vocabulary and different skills enabling learners to effectively communicate in a business environment. However, major technological and scientific advances in the last few decades and the age of the knowledge-based economy in which we now live have caused society and the business environment to be changing rapidly. As a result, employers are looking for skills that go beyond academic qualifications and work experience, and match the requirements of the current age. These skills, variously labeled and frequently referred to as the 21st-century skills, comprise communication, critical thinking and problem solving, teamwork, creativity and innovation, decision making, digital literacy, leadership, etc. The aim of this paper is to explore how the 21st-century skills can be integrated and developed in the Business English classroom at tertiary education level since the traditionally taught skills such as giving opinions, negotiating, participating in meetings, reporting, making arrangements, telephoning and socializing in business contexts, no longer seem to meet the requirements of the current age and the contemporary labor market. Business English courses at the university level can significantly contribute to developing these skills and thus prepare students for their future careers.

Intergenerational Cooperation of Students and Grandparents and the Use of Pedometer in Sports Activity

Intergenerational Cooperation of Students and Grandparents and the Use of Pedometer in Sports Activity
(Intergenerational Cooperation of Students and Grandparents and the Use of Pedometer in Sports Activity)

Author(s):Mihaela Bernetič Perhavec
Language:English
Subject(s):Sports Studies
Page Range:293-297
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Intergenerational cooperation; Aging; Sports training; Pedometer
Summary/Abstract:The National Symbiosis (Movement) project is being implemented in primary schools throughout Slovenia. In primary school, intergenerational sports activities were carried out by the coordinator of the mentioned project together with primary school students and their grandparents. The use of information and communication technology is one of the starting points of the physical education curriculum, and one of the general goals is the formation of positive behavioral patterns such as encouraging cooperation. The starting point and the goal were the main guides for the preparation and implementation of intergenerational cooperation. The article describes an example of sports training prepared and carried out by students together with their grandparents, as part of a sports day and exercise hours. They prepared intergenerational hikes and training hours, during which both students and grandparents performed strength and coordination exercises. During the hike, the students introduced their grandparents to the use of a pedometer. This had a very motivating effect on students and grandparents.

Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas

Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas
(Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas)

Author(s):Filip Šneler, Gordana Brcković, Trina Mjeda
Language:English
Subject(s):Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:299-308
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Production; Forests; Rural area; Sustainable management; Ecology
Summary/Abstract:Forests and forestry are the ecological and economic infrastructure of every state. The EU strategy for the forest-based sector is particularly related to rural development, since, in such areas, forests are mostly spread, thus representing an opportunity for more balanced development, or in other words - survival of rural areas. Croatia is no exemption. The goal of forest management in the Republic of Croatia is the sustainable and harmonious use of all forest functions and the permanent improvement of their condition, by promoting environmentally sustainable production practices in such a way that the local or rural environment has financial benefits. Looking at forests as perfect factories, ranging from the production of wood pulp as raw materials, oxygen and food, water purifiers, carbon tanks and all the way to the intangible and generally useful functions of forests, it is necessary to observe their all-encompassing importance. We are facing global climate change, which significantly influences the restoration and erection of new forest stands, that is one of the most important procedures for sustainable forest management in Croatia. Current techniques and knowledge that are being applied contribute to discouraging results, therefore it is crucial to introduce and promote new environmentally friendly practices, aiming to increase the productive function of forest land and forest as an ecosystem. In accordance with the sustainable development of forest land, research was conducted in the lowland part of Sisak-Moslavina County in Croatia. The aim of the research is to study the cost-effectiveness and compare the adaptation of new methods and practices of reforestation, with the end result of the forested area as a production unit, and that was conducted working on two land sections. On the surface of the first section, which was previously chemically prepared, a classic renovation was performed by sowing acorns employing a spreader. The acorn was collected by the local population. Processing of the second section included planting seedlings, while the section was previously mechanically prepared by grinding biomass and an integral method of soil preparation in rows with a spacing of 3 m. The internal planting distance between the plants was 0.80 - 1.0 m, and work was carried out with the help of external contractors, the local population. The use of new environmentally sustainable technologies has resulted in 29% higher financial costs of forestation. However, using new practices compared to the classical ones, the financial viability in terms of economic profit of the rural area was determined. The application of new silvicultural practices is initially more expensive, but results in a shorter period of time to achieve targeted results, while the increase in costs refers to the involvement of the local community that participated in the works.

On Significance of Strengthening Strategic Framework of Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship in Serbia

On Significance of Strengthening Strategic Framework of Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship in Serbia
(On Significance of Strengthening Strategic Framework of Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship in Serbia)

Author(s):Mirjana Dokmanović
Language:English
Subject(s):Gender Studies, Rural and urban sociology, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:309-318
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Gender transformative policies; Gender analysis; Gender sensitive policies; Rural development
Summary/Abstract:Despite progress in supporting the economic empowerment of women, the environment in Serbia is still not friendly for female entrepreneurs. This is particularly cased in rural areas, where women face more prominent obstacles such as pronounced gender roles, stereotypes and gender-based property inequalities. This paper aims to indicate the significance of having efficient policies in this area. They are beneficial not only for rural women but also for economic growth, decreasing poverty, holding up the depopulation trend and revival of underdeveloped municipalities. Gender analysis of the relevant strategies (agriculture and rural development, employment, development of digital skills and smart specialization) shows that they are not sufficiently or not at all gender sensitive, and do not address the specific position and vulnerability of rural women. This may be eliminated by using gender analysis and gender impact assessment in the process of designing strategies. Creating a business-friendly environment also needs implementing complementary policies in other sectors, such as fiscal policy, health care, infrastructure and transportation.

Developing a Typology of Green Tourists. Empirical Study From Romania

Developing a Typology of Green Tourists. Empirical Study From Romania
(Developing a Typology of Green Tourists. Empirical Study From Romania)

Author(s):Mirela Stefanica, Sandu Christiana Brigitte
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
Page Range:319-325
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Green tourism; Eco-types; Consumer behaviour; Participatory behaviour
Summary/Abstract:This study seeks to develop a typology of tourists according to their attitude and behaviour in relation to the natural environment. A survey was conducted on a sample of tourists in one of the representative natural tourist areas of Romania based on a face-to-face questionnaire. The typology of green tourists has been created based on 28 items measuring consumer or participatory behaviour. The study provides a segmentation of tourists into three eco-types: eco-destructive, eco-impartial, and eco-involved. These segments were analysed by gender, age and level of studies in order to observe specific similarities or differences set for each criterion. The main findings on the impact of tourist activity on the environment underline the importance for tourists to be more careful and concerned about solving the environment and enhancing green behaviour.

Sustainable Spatial Development of the Tara National Park

Sustainable Spatial Development of the Tara National Park
(Sustainable Spatial Development of the Tara National Park)

Author(s):Milica Dobričić, Milica Maksić Mulalić
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:327-333
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Sustainable spatial development; Tara National Park; Republic of Serbia; Spatial and urban planning
Summary/Abstract:The paper points out the importance of sustainable spatial development of the Tara National Park, one of the five national parks in the Republic of Serbia. The research of sustainable spatial development was carried out at four planning levels of the area of the Tara National Park, at the international, national, regional and local levels. The paper emphasizes the importance of adopting planning documents at all four planning levels, as these are important instruments for achieving integral and sustainable development of the protected area. The importance of the planning documents is confirmed, in terms of providing a spatial framework for the protection and management of the natural and built environment of this territory. In accordance with the above, this paper aims to point out the importance of sustainable spatial development for the protection and sustainable use of the Tara National Park and to give suggestions for its improvement.

State Aid as an Instrument of Climate Change: Case Study of Slovak Republic and The Republic of China

State Aid as an Instrument of Climate Change: Case Study of Slovak Republic and The Republic of China
(State Aid as an Instrument of Climate Change: Case Study of Slovak Republic and The Republic of China)

Author(s):Peter Nováček, Yuanxin Li
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Green Transformation
Page Range:335-346
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Green economy; Green subsidy; Industrial production; Policy regulation
Summary/Abstract:The Europe Green Agreement is a new growth strategy for the EU economy – the sustainable and healthier one for people and the planet leading to the green economy. State aid rules are being modernized and aligned with current trends of international dimensions. The scientific study objective is to examine the progress of the Green state aid process in Slovakia, to analyse the approach of Slovakia in connection with the commitments made complying with the green strategy, and to assess specific activities in the state aid implementation process stressing environmental protection through waste management encouragement. The case study methodology is applied in the case of bentonite use, mined in Slovakia, which is analysed in the scientific paper as part of an eco-industrial application. Moreover, the aim is also to address the People’s Republic of China’s environmental policy perspective.

Make Flying Safe Again: An Undelayable Challenge for Aviation

Make Flying Safe Again: An Undelayable Challenge for Aviation
(Make Flying Safe Again: An Undelayable Challenge for Aviation)

Author(s):Federico de Andreis, Federico Leopardi
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy
Page Range:347-353
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Aviation management; Covid-19 strategies; Aviation; Resilience
Summary/Abstract:Flag carriers are a particular part of the aviation industry, now dominated by either privately owned carriers or budget airlines. Their market share is being reduced, they are losing ground, giving it to their counter rivals, low-cost carriers. Based on the assumption that flag carrier airlines are different in their business model from low-cost airlines, both of them have to react in a Covid-19 situation, in case a similar event would occur again. Because it is not a matter of “if”, but a matter of “when”. This is modelling and as one it has to be put in the right context. In this research, we will discuss, also through the use of a study model of an Italian private company, how aviation must have short- and long-term strategies, striving for resilience during the early phases of the Covid-19 pandemic, after the outbreak from Wuhan, China. Thousands of flights were being cancelled and within weeks the passenger’s aviation was still, only cargo planes flew. When the cargo demand rose (45% of the cargo is carried by passenger flights in the belly of the planes), the dedicated global air cargo fleet could not satisfy the demand, airlines arranged passenger planes for emergency cargo flights. They came to this solution; this is part of an aggressive market strategy that comes in times of crisis as it is during the actual global pandemic. After analysing examples of strategies to be adopted quickly for survival, the focus of the study will be on those communication strategies towards potential travellers who - now more than ever - while waiting for recovery, need to perceive the flight as much as possible safe for their health. Thus, it is necessary to reflect on the individual perception of risk but also on what to do to bring the subjective dimension as close as possible to the objective one. Cargo flights were a mere means to curb the tragic effects of the pandemic, however, airlines (both low-cost carriers and flag carriers) need a solution that can lead to a better response.

Structure of Port Goods and Transport Flows

Structure of Port Goods and Transport Flows
(Structure of Port Goods and Transport Flows)

Author(s):Ana Radulovic
Language:English
Subject(s):Transport / Logistics
Page Range:355-363
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Port; Combined cargo; Cargo-transport port centers
Summary/Abstract:Maritime transport plays a very important role in connecting European ports and their hinterlands. According to recent data (ISL, 2017), approximately 400 million tons of combined short-haul freight transport (containers and ro-ro) are transhipped between ports within the EU or between ports in the EU and neighboring countries. The network of European short sea shipping services is large and diverse. Most ferry services bridge short distances, e.G. Via the English channel, the Fehmarn belt, or the strait of Gibraltar. At longer sea distances, trailers and containers are often shipped by combining transport with inland or rail transport inland. Most of these connections, which were developed only a few decades ago, operate successfully under the management of mostly private liner or container operators. For offshore traffic, competition is mainly between line operators and ports, but not between (except tunnels/bridges) economically viable alternatives. Improving the efficiency and expanding the capacity of such links makes transport cheaper and helps promote the single market.

Sunflower in Romania in the Climate Change Context

Sunflower in Romania in the Climate Change Context
(Sunflower in Romania in the Climate Change Context)

Author(s):Slave Camelia, Man Carmen Mihaela
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Green Transformation
Page Range:365-369
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Agriculture; Climate changes; Study area; Sunflower
Summary/Abstract:Agriculture is the second leading branch of the world economy. Agriculture plays a key role in the development of the economy, agricultural production being the main source of food, the basis of human existence and the basis of raw materials for many industries. The need for development and modernization stems from its vital role in meeting the food needs of the world’s population. This human activity has the greatest contribution to human well-being. Currently, 60% of the Earth’s population makes a living directly from farming. Agriculture has a decisive role in solving the food problem, agriculture is a branch that provides the raw material for the food industry - 90%, light industry - 70%, chemical industry - 20%. At the national level, agriculture is one of the important branches of the Romanian economy. The contribution of agriculture, forestry, fish farming in the formation of the Gross Domestic Product is around 6%, and in the EU member states, it is around 1.7%

Rapeseed Cultivation in Romania – General Aspects

Rapeseed Cultivation in Romania – General Aspects
(Rapeseed Cultivation in Romania – General Aspects)

Author(s):Slave Camelia, Man Carmen Mihaela
Language:English
Subject(s):Agriculture
Page Range:371-375
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Geographical Information Systems (GIS); Agriculture; Climate changes; Rapeseed; Maps; Study area
Summary/Abstract:Geographic Information Systems are used in traditional agriculture and precision agriculture worldwide, being high-precision tools with which real-time information can be obtained. Rapeseed cultivation technology can be improved with the help of geographic information systems. These tools given by G.I.S. allow the collection, analysis and monitoring of spatial data to improve the management decisions of agricultural land cultivated with rapeseed. Rapeseed is a newly cultivated plant in Europe since the beginning of the last century for its qualities. The agriculture areas are correlated with: climate, relief, geological substrate of the land, soil, culture technology. The purpose of the article is to present statistical data of rapeseed cultivation and to correlate them with the analyzed spatial tools used today in increasing the agricultural area and the production obtained.

Noise Pollution Measurement in High-trafic Streets of Durres Municipality

Noise Pollution Measurement in High-trafic Streets of Durres Municipality
(Noise Pollution Measurement in High-trafic Streets of Durres Municipality)

Author(s):Marsida Klemo, Osman Metalla
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:377-382
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Urban noise; Dogana street; Equivalent noise level
Summary/Abstract:The inspection of noise pollution in urban areas can affect positively the health and welfare of residents. This paper analyzes the noise pollution in high-traffic streets of different areas in Durres Municipality. Measurements carried out by using TESTO 816-1 supply were investigated and compared to see the highest equivalent noise level during morning and night time. The results were evidenced and conclusions were reported. It was found a difference between the average equivalent noise levels of areas/streets monitored. During morning the highest value was observed in the industrial area (Dogana street) with <Leq> = 61.02 dB followed by the commercial area (Adria street) with <Leq> = 59.04 dB and the residential area (Stefan Kaculini - Glaukia street) with <Leq> = 57.6 dB. The highest equivalent noise level during the night was observed in the commercial area (Egnatia street) with <Leq> = 52.04 dB. The findings achieved by this study showed also that noise pollution levels noticed were higher than permissible levels and most of this pollution was caused by vehicle traffic.

An Analysis of Carbon Sequestration from Green Surfaces in Durres City

An Analysis of Carbon Sequestration from Green Surfaces in Durres City
(An Analysis of Carbon Sequestration from Green Surfaces in Durres City)

Author(s):Osman Metalla, Marsida Klemo, Azem Hysa, Elvis Cela
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Green Transformation
Page Range:383-387
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:C02 sequestration; Energy conservation; Water carrying capacity
Summary/Abstract:In recent years the urban population in Durres city has grown exponentially, leading to an increase of CO2 and consequently contributing on a large scale to climate change. Urban trees are basic to sequester CO2 emissions as they incorporate carbon in their biomass. The amount of C02 sequestration from green surfaces in Durres city was 50.13 ∙ 106 kg/year instead of 116.35 ∙ 106 kg/year that it should be. Increasing the amount of green vegetation, the energy that can be stored will be 3.7 ∙ 105 MWh compared with the actual value of 162,48 MWh. Consequently, water carrying capacity will be 2321 times more than the amount of water needed to maintain the present public green spaces. These data can be used to help assess the actual and potential role of green trees in reducing atmospheric CO2, a dominant greenhouse gas. This study was conducted under the project “Green lungs for our cities - Alternative and comprehensive platform for monitoring air quality, noise pollution and urban greenery to affect policies at the local level”. Measurements were performed with the cooperation of Eper Center, professors and students of “Aleksander Moisiu” University.

ERAZ 2021 / 7 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ERAZ 2021 / 7 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Human Capital and Job Satisfaction During a Pandemic

Human Capital and Job Satisfaction During a Pandemic (Human Capital and Job Satisfaction During a Pandemic)

How ICT Encourages Informal Mentoring Networks to Promote Gender Equality in Times of Pandemic

How ICT Encourages Informal Mentoring Networks to Promote Gender Equality in Times of Pandemic (How ICT Encourages Informal Mentoring Networks to Promote Gender Equality in Times of Pandemic)

Students During Pandemic. Time Spent Studying and Courses

Students During Pandemic. Time Spent Studying and Courses (Students During Pandemic. Time Spent Studying and Courses)

Innovations in Online Education in Post-COVID-19

Innovations in Online Education in Post-COVID-19 (Innovations in Online Education in Post-COVID-19)

Potential Corruption of Science about COVID 19

Potential Corruption of Science about COVID 19 (Potential Corruption of Science about COVID 19)

The COVID-19 Challenge and the Sustainability of the Bulgarian Banking Sector

The COVID-19 Challenge and the Sustainability of the Bulgarian Banking Sector (The COVID-19 Challenge and the Sustainability of the Bulgarian Banking Sector)

COVID-19 Effects on SMEs Businesses in the Durres Region

COVID-19 Effects on SMEs Businesses in the Durres Region (COVID-19 Effects on SMEs Businesses in the Durres Region)

Innovations as a Means of Restarting Tourism in the Slovak Republic in the Period After COVID-19

Innovations as a Means of Restarting Tourism in the Slovak Republic in the Period After COVID-19 (Innovations as a Means of Restarting Tourism in the Slovak Republic in the Period After COVID-19)

Applied Theory of Markets and Sustainable Growth – A Different Perspective

Applied Theory of Markets and Sustainable Growth – A Different Perspective (Applied Theory of Markets and Sustainable Growth – A Different Perspective)

The Lessons Learned from the Great Recession

The Lessons Learned from the Great Recession (The Lessons Learned from the Great Recession)

Assessing Government Involvement in the Balkan Countries’ Economies

Assessing Government Involvement in the Balkan Countries’ Economies (Assessing Government Involvement in the Balkan Countries’ Economies)

Analysis of the Process of Regionalisation and Regional Socio-Economic Development in the Republic of Bulgaria

Analysis of the Process of Regionalisation and Regional Socio-Economic Development in the Republic of Bulgaria (Analysis of the Process of Regionalisation and Regional Socio-Economic Development in the Republic of Bulgaria)

Directions for Reducing Excessive Import Dependence of Ukraine’s Economy

Directions for Reducing Excessive Import Dependence of Ukraine’s Economy (Directions for Reducing Excessive Import Dependence of Ukraine’s Economy)

Development Management of Innovation Businesses in Light of Slovak Enterprises

Development Management of Innovation Businesses in Light of Slovak Enterprises (Development Management of Innovation Businesses in Light of Slovak Enterprises)

Empirical Analysis of State-owned Enterprises’ Non-Financial Reporting: The Case of Ukraine

Empirical Analysis of State-owned Enterprises’ Non-Financial Reporting: The Case of Ukraine (Empirical Analysis of State-owned Enterprises’ Non-Financial Reporting: The Case of Ukraine)

Macro-Environment Factors Determining SME Development in the Slovak Republic

Macro-Environment Factors Determining SME Development in the Slovak Republic (Macro-Environment Factors Determining SME Development in the Slovak Republic)

SME Support on Regional Level in Republic of North Macedonia – The Role of the Business Centers Within the Centers for Development of the Planning Regions

Yesterday CSR Initiatives, Tomorrow Social Enterprises

Yesterday CSR Initiatives, Tomorrow Social Enterprises (Yesterday CSR Initiatives, Tomorrow Social Enterprises)

Enterprise’s Trust in Stakeholders: For a New Culture of Sustainability. Investigation on Companies Listed on the Italian Stock Exchange

Enterprise’s Trust in Stakeholders: For a New Culture of Sustainability. Investigation on Companies Listed on the Italian Stock Exchange (Enterprise’s Trust in Stakeholders: For a New Culture of Sustainability. Investigation on Companies Listed on the Italian Stock Exchange)

The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and The Chaotic Growth Model

The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and The Chaotic Growth Model (The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and The Chaotic Growth Model)

Volatility Estimation of Euribor and Equilibrium Forecasting

Volatility Estimation of Euribor and Equilibrium Forecasting (Volatility Estimation of Euribor and Equilibrium Forecasting)

Mechanisms for Developing a Portfolio of Projects based on the Organization’s Sustainability Strategy

Mechanisms for Developing a Portfolio of Projects based on the Organization’s Sustainability Strategy (Mechanisms for Developing a Portfolio of Projects based on the Organization’s Sustainability Strategy)

European Taxes and Incentives to Support the Environmental Transition

European Taxes and Incentives to Support the Environmental Transition (European Taxes and Incentives to Support the Environmental Transition)

Cloud Computing in Accounting and Digital Financial Reporting in Albania

Cloud Computing in Accounting and Digital Financial Reporting in Albania (Cloud Computing in Accounting and Digital Financial Reporting in Albania)

The Primary Objective of any Business is to Build Sustainable Competitiveness in the Market

The Primary Objective of any Business is to Build Sustainable Competitiveness in the Market (The Primary Objective of any Business is to Build Sustainable Competitiveness in the Market)

The Importance of the Development of Managerial Competencies in the Conditions of Sustainability

The Importance of the Development of Managerial Competencies in the Conditions of Sustainability (The Importance of the Development of Managerial Competencies in the Conditions of Sustainability)

A Synoptic View of the Albanian Qualifications Framework

A Synoptic View of the Albanian Qualifications Framework (A Synoptic View of the Albanian Qualifications Framework)

Occupational Profiles Required for the Future – Need or Fiction?

Occupational Profiles Required for the Future – Need or Fiction? (Occupational Profiles Required for the Future – Need or Fiction?)

Impact of the Application of Collective Agreements on the Financial Situation of Public Healthcare Institutions in the FBiH

Impact of the Application of Collective Agreements on the Financial Situation of Public Healthcare Institutions in the FBiH (Impact of the Application of Collective Agreements on the Financial Situation of Public Healthcare Institutions in the FBiH)

Subject of Sociology of Law in the Legal Order of Modern Globalized Society

Subject of Sociology of Law in the Legal Order of Modern Globalized Society (Subject of Sociology of Law in the Legal Order of Modern Globalized Society)

Constitutional Framework of Free Economy in Theory and Practice of the Republic of Serbia

Constitutional Framework of Free Economy in Theory and Practice of the Republic of Serbia (Constitutional Framework of Free Economy in Theory and Practice of the Republic of Serbia)

Establishing a Quality Management System in the Function of Quality Assurance in Higher Education

Establishing a Quality Management System in the Function of Quality Assurance in Higher Education (Establishing a Quality Management System in the Function of Quality Assurance in Higher Education)

Professional Development of Teachers in the Context of Modern Education

Professional Development of Teachers in the Context of Modern Education (Professional Development of Teachers in the Context of Modern Education)

Lesson Study: Contemporary Motivating Tool for Active and Reflective Learning Approach

Lesson Study: Contemporary Motivating Tool for Active and Reflective Learning Approach (Lesson Study: Contemporary Motivating Tool for Active and Reflective Learning Approach)

Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom

Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom (Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom)

Intergenerational Cooperation of Students and Grandparents and the Use of Pedometer in Sports Activity

Intergenerational Cooperation of Students and Grandparents and the Use of Pedometer in Sports Activity (Intergenerational Cooperation of Students and Grandparents and the Use of Pedometer in Sports Activity)

Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas

Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas (Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas)

On Significance of Strengthening Strategic Framework of Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship in Serbia

On Significance of Strengthening Strategic Framework of Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship in Serbia (On Significance of Strengthening Strategic Framework of Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship in Serbia)

Developing a Typology of Green Tourists. Empirical Study From Romania

Developing a Typology of Green Tourists. Empirical Study From Romania (Developing a Typology of Green Tourists. Empirical Study From Romania)

Sustainable Spatial Development of the Tara National Park

Sustainable Spatial Development of the Tara National Park (Sustainable Spatial Development of the Tara National Park)

ERAZ 2021 / 7 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
ERAZ 2021 / 7 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Human Capital and Job Satisfaction During a Pandemic
(Human Capital and Job Satisfaction During a Pandemic)

How ICT Encourages Informal Mentoring Networks to Promote Gender Equality in Times of Pandemic
(How ICT Encourages Informal Mentoring Networks to Promote Gender Equality in Times of Pandemic)

Students During Pandemic. Time Spent Studying and Courses
(Students During Pandemic. Time Spent Studying and Courses)

Innovations in Online Education in Post-COVID-19
(Innovations in Online Education in Post-COVID-19)

Potential Corruption of Science about COVID 19
(Potential Corruption of Science about COVID 19)

The COVID-19 Challenge and the Sustainability of the Bulgarian Banking Sector
(The COVID-19 Challenge and the Sustainability of the Bulgarian Banking Sector)

COVID-19 Effects on SMEs Businesses in the Durres Region
(COVID-19 Effects on SMEs Businesses in the Durres Region)

Innovations as a Means of Restarting Tourism in the Slovak Republic in the Period After COVID-19
(Innovations as a Means of Restarting Tourism in the Slovak Republic in the Period After COVID-19)

Applied Theory of Markets and Sustainable Growth – A Different Perspective
(Applied Theory of Markets and Sustainable Growth – A Different Perspective)

The Lessons Learned from the Great Recession
(The Lessons Learned from the Great Recession)

Assessing Government Involvement in the Balkan Countries’ Economies
(Assessing Government Involvement in the Balkan Countries’ Economies)

Analysis of the Process of Regionalisation and Regional Socio-Economic Development in the Republic of Bulgaria
(Analysis of the Process of Regionalisation and Regional Socio-Economic Development in the Republic of Bulgaria)

Directions for Reducing Excessive Import Dependence of Ukraine’s Economy
(Directions for Reducing Excessive Import Dependence of Ukraine’s Economy)

Development Management of Innovation Businesses in Light of Slovak Enterprises
(Development Management of Innovation Businesses in Light of Slovak Enterprises)

Empirical Analysis of State-owned Enterprises’ Non-Financial Reporting: The Case of Ukraine
(Empirical Analysis of State-owned Enterprises’ Non-Financial Reporting: The Case of Ukraine)

Macro-Environment Factors Determining SME Development in the Slovak Republic
(Macro-Environment Factors Determining SME Development in the Slovak Republic)

Yesterday CSR Initiatives, Tomorrow Social Enterprises
(Yesterday CSR Initiatives, Tomorrow Social Enterprises)

Enterprise’s Trust in Stakeholders: For a New Culture of Sustainability. Investigation on Companies Listed on the Italian Stock Exchange
(Enterprise’s Trust in Stakeholders: For a New Culture of Sustainability. Investigation on Companies Listed on the Italian Stock Exchange)

The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and The Chaotic Growth Model
(The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and The Chaotic Growth Model)

Volatility Estimation of Euribor and Equilibrium Forecasting
(Volatility Estimation of Euribor and Equilibrium Forecasting)

Mechanisms for Developing a Portfolio of Projects based on the Organization’s Sustainability Strategy
(Mechanisms for Developing a Portfolio of Projects based on the Organization’s Sustainability Strategy)

European Taxes and Incentives to Support the Environmental Transition
(European Taxes and Incentives to Support the Environmental Transition)

Cloud Computing in Accounting and Digital Financial Reporting in Albania
(Cloud Computing in Accounting and Digital Financial Reporting in Albania)

The Primary Objective of any Business is to Build Sustainable Competitiveness in the Market
(The Primary Objective of any Business is to Build Sustainable Competitiveness in the Market)

The Importance of the Development of Managerial Competencies in the Conditions of Sustainability
(The Importance of the Development of Managerial Competencies in the Conditions of Sustainability)

A Synoptic View of the Albanian Qualifications Framework
(A Synoptic View of the Albanian Qualifications Framework)

Occupational Profiles Required for the Future – Need or Fiction?
(Occupational Profiles Required for the Future – Need or Fiction?)

Impact of the Application of Collective Agreements on the Financial Situation of Public Healthcare Institutions in the FBiH
(Impact of the Application of Collective Agreements on the Financial Situation of Public Healthcare Institutions in the FBiH)

Subject of Sociology of Law in the Legal Order of Modern Globalized Society
(Subject of Sociology of Law in the Legal Order of Modern Globalized Society)

Constitutional Framework of Free Economy in Theory and Practice of the Republic of Serbia
(Constitutional Framework of Free Economy in Theory and Practice of the Republic of Serbia)

Establishing a Quality Management System in the Function of Quality Assurance in Higher Education
(Establishing a Quality Management System in the Function of Quality Assurance in Higher Education)

Professional Development of Teachers in the Context of Modern Education
(Professional Development of Teachers in the Context of Modern Education)

Lesson Study: Contemporary Motivating Tool for Active and Reflective Learning Approach
(Lesson Study: Contemporary Motivating Tool for Active and Reflective Learning Approach)

Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom
(Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom)

Intergenerational Cooperation of Students and Grandparents and the Use of Pedometer in Sports Activity
(Intergenerational Cooperation of Students and Grandparents and the Use of Pedometer in Sports Activity)

Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas
(Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas)

On Significance of Strengthening Strategic Framework of Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship in Serbia
(On Significance of Strengthening Strategic Framework of Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship in Serbia)

Developing a Typology of Green Tourists. Empirical Study From Romania
(Developing a Typology of Green Tourists. Empirical Study From Romania)

Sustainable Spatial Development of the Tara National Park
(Sustainable Spatial Development of the Tara National Park)

State Aid as an Instrument of Climate Change: Case Study of Slovak Republic and The Republic of China
(State Aid as an Instrument of Climate Change: Case Study of Slovak Republic and The Republic of China)

Make Flying Safe Again: An Undelayable Challenge for Aviation
(Make Flying Safe Again: An Undelayable Challenge for Aviation)

Structure of Port Goods and Transport Flows
(Structure of Port Goods and Transport Flows)

Sunflower in Romania in the Climate Change Context
(Sunflower in Romania in the Climate Change Context)

Rapeseed Cultivation in Romania – General Aspects
(Rapeseed Cultivation in Romania – General Aspects)

Noise Pollution Measurement in High-trafic Streets of Durres Municipality
(Noise Pollution Measurement in High-trafic Streets of Durres Municipality)

An Analysis of Carbon Sequestration from Green Surfaces in Durres City
(An Analysis of Carbon Sequestration from Green Surfaces in Durres City)