Proceedings of the 35th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 35th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Contributor(s): Yuying Shen (Editor), Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru (Editor)
Subject(s): History of Church(es), Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Marxist economics, Criminal Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Environmental and Energy policy, Economic development, Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research, EU-Legislation, Sociology of Law, Peace and Conflict Studies
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: social sciences; humanities; economy; criminal law; EU legislation; IT; communication; education;
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the 35th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held at American University in Washington DC, USA, on April 4-5,2024.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-60-8
- Page Count: 213
- Publication Year: 2024
- Language: English
Shifting Imageries: Artificial Intelligence and Journalism in African Legacy Media
Shifting Imageries: Artificial Intelligence and Journalism in African Legacy Media
(Shifting Imageries: Artificial Intelligence and Journalism in African Legacy Media)
- Author(s):Lydia Ouma Radoli
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Business Ethics
- Page Range:1-11
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Shifting Imageries; Artificial intelligence; Journalism in Africa; Legacy Media;
- Summary/Abstract:In newsrooms of the past, legacy media (Newspaper, Radio & Television) journalists and producers were jacks of all trades. Their multifaceted approach was inherently present in their dedication to telling an objective story and acting as the voice of the voiceless. The traditional journalist went through analogic, ethical, and human processes to produce a good story. They were voice pieces to the camera, sounds behind the narrative, fingers on the keyboard, faces on the screen. The newsroom operations fully relied on these human figures to deliver the stories and keep the audience informed. This image of how we understood journalism is quickly shifting with the entry of Artificial Intelligence-aided news production. In the African context, technological advancements have progressed in a couple of decades. But during the last ten years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has greatly impacted and advanced technological processes. Leading this wave are China and the United States, both of which are advancing at a strong but different rate. Therefore, understanding the dominant attitudes and practices surrounding AI on Chinese social media is crucial to understanding how AI will develop going forward (Xinhuanet 2019). As a check on political power and a significant influencer of public opinion throughout history, the media has been referred to as the "fourth pillar" (Chen 2013). However, as technology advances, the media enters a new era marked by the digital dissemination of information and the fusion of multiple media formats. With the use of artificial intelligence (AI) synthetic anchors and 5G connectivity, AI technology is becoming more and more prevalent in a variety of industries, including the media. Even with AI's advancements in media production, it will be difficult for technology to fully replace human hosts/journalists in virtual environments due to the highly involved and demanding nature of media labor. Through a systematic literature review of global media landscapes, the paper will explore the juxtaposition of old imageries in the African newsroom and AI-imposed imaginings. The paper looks at the value system of the traditional human newsreaders/producers as well as the tactics media practitioners must apply to deal with the effects of AI-driven advancements. It highlights how AI is changing the media industry and how important it is to raise the level of proficiency among media professionals.
Communication Styles and Qualities of High and Low Performing Transformational Leaders – Subordinates’ Perspective
Communication Styles and Qualities of High and Low Performing Transformational Leaders – Subordinates’ Perspective
(Communication Styles and Qualities of High and Low Performing Transformational Leaders – Subordinates’ Perspective)
- Author(s):Isaac Wanasika, Minna Logemann, Tiina Brandt
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Theory of Communication, Organizational Psychology, Behaviorism
- Page Range:12-20
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:transformational leadership; communication style; strengths; and weaknesses of leaders;
- Summary/Abstract:This study explored 98 Finnish leaders’ strengths and weaknesses as described by their followers. The leaders were appraised by their transformational leadership and communication styles by their followers. The results were divided into two groups: leaders who obtained good evaluations of their leadership style and those with lower results. The subordinates’ verbal comments were grouped based on themes about the strengths and weaknesses of both groups, revealing interesting differences between the two groups. Those leaders with high leadership ratings are especially good in Enabling behavior and Emphatic communication style. According to verbal comments of the subordinates, the strengths of high leadership ratings are more strongly emphasized in higher-level leadership traits such as courage, interpersonal skills, a positive attitude, and motivation. On the other hand, the strengths of low leadership ratings focus more on fundamental leadership skills like organization, planning, fairness, and stress management.
The Link between Professional Training of Family Entrepreneurs and Financial Performance: A Comparative Study between Family and Non-Family Businesses in Morocco
The Link between Professional Training of Family Entrepreneurs and Financial Performance: A Comparative Study between Family and Non-Family Businesses in Morocco
(The Link between Professional Training of Family Entrepreneurs and Financial Performance: A Comparative Study between Family and Non-Family Businesses in Morocco)
- Author(s):Azzeddine Allioui, Wafaa El Gouz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:21-31
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:family businesses; professional training; financial success; Morocco;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this comparative research is to analyze the complex link that exists between the education of company owners and the financial success of family-owned companies in Morocco. A sizeable percentage of the corporate landscape is comprised of family businesses, which provide a major contribution to the economic growth of the nation. For the purpose of determining the influence that entrepreneurial training has on financial results, the study takes a comparative approach, evaluating both family firms and enterprises that are not family businesses. This inquiry digs into the particulars of family companies, considering the unique difficulties and opportunities that family firms face in the Moroccan economic climate. The purpose of this research is to give significant insights into the processes that determine the economic success of family businesses by taking a closer look at the association between entrepreneurial training and financial performance. In terms of methodology, the study takes a holistic approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data to capture the many facets that are associated with entrepreneurial training and financial achievement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex relationships that exist between the training programs that are offered to family entrepreneurs and the subsequent financial health of their businesses. This will be accomplished with questionnaires, interviews, and financial analyses. Moreover, the results of this study not only provide a contribution to the academic knowledge of family entrepreneurship in Morocco, but also offer practical consequences for enterprises, governments, and educational institutions. It is possible to design strategies for promoting the sustainable development of family businesses by gaining an understanding of the association between training and financial success. This will contribute to the overall economic growth and stability of the Moroccan business environment.
Collision of Social Norms: Consideration from a Sexual Harassment Case in Japan
Collision of Social Norms: Consideration from a Sexual Harassment Case in Japan
(Collision of Social Norms: Consideration from a Sexual Harassment Case in Japan)
- Author(s):Miori Nagashima
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Criminal Law, Criminology, Victimology, Social Norms / Social Control
- Page Range:32-38
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:sexual harassment; secondary harm; victim bashing; norms; frame; framing analysis;
- Summary/Abstract:Since the introduction of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law in 1985, the term seku-hara, or “sexual harassment,” has been widely used in everyday life in Japan. However, accusing someone of sexual harassment is still difficult, and women often do not speak out for fear of secondary harm (Ito 2017; McNeil 2018). Against this backdrop, a sexual harassment accusation was levied by a female journalist against a top governmental bureaucrat in the Ministry of Finance in 2018. After a weekly news magazine reported this case based on an audio file secretly recorded by the journalist at a meeting, public debates arose over the “appropriateness” of the accuser’s actions, potentially leading to victim bashing. In this research, three main controversies are focused on: (1) the appropriateness of unauthorized recordings obtained by the journalist at the meeting, (2) leaking the audio to a media company that the journalist is not employed by, and (3) the “woman’s way of working”. Drawing on the Framing Theory (Entman 1993), this paper analyzes these issues, focusing on social and cultural norms that underlie differing opinions. We argue that the usual social norms and those social norms in the crisis must be distinguished with regard to (1). Regarding (2), some interpret her action as violating professional ethics, while others view it as a form of social resistance akin to whistleblowing. The third debate shows that conventional social values in Japan conflict with new labor ethics that seek gender equality in the workplace.
Issues, Causes, and Consequences of Wrong-Way Driving in Corpus Christi, Texas
Issues, Causes, and Consequences of Wrong-Way Driving in Corpus Christi, Texas
(Issues, Causes, and Consequences of Wrong-Way Driving in Corpus Christi, Texas)
- Author(s):Anita Sanchez
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:39-42
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Texas; Department of Transportation; TxDOT; drivers; wrong way; Corpus Christi; Portland; accident; Harbor Bridge;
- Summary/Abstract:The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is responsible for supporting approximately 80,000 miles of road across the state (Texas Department of Transportation n.d.). In addition, TxDOT plays a key role in providing safe and dependable transportation results for the State of Texas. This includes sustaining a safe system approach throughout the State to keep Texas roads secure. Currently, the number one cause of accidents on Texas highways is excessive speed (Texas Department of Transportation 2023b). Regrettably, excessive speed is not the only shortcoming burdening Texas drivers. Wrong-way drivers on highways and other roads present a serious risk to all motorists. Collisions involving vehicles traveling the wrong way on divided highways are the most serious type of accident often resulting in fatalities (NTSB 2012). According to KRIS 6 News (2023a), 60,000 people travel across the Harbor Bridge in Corpus Christi every day. Eight people have died in wrong-way collisions on the southbound stretch of road between the Harbor Bridge and US Highway 181, connecting Portland and Corpus Christi, in the last eight years (KRIS 6 News 2023b). These fatalities prompted research into Harbor Bridge easy access exits. In Corpus Christi, Department of Public Safety (DPS) troopers and local police departments find averting wrong-way drivers commonplace. To detour wrong-way drivers, TxDOT has closed numerous off-ramps in the area indefinitely. This analysis report of freeway-related wrong-way collisions will explore problems, issues, and countermeasures TxDOT has encountered in Corpus Christi, Texas.
Strategic Management in Family Businesses: Navigating Digital Horizons and Unraveling Technological Dynamics
Strategic Management in Family Businesses: Navigating Digital Horizons and Unraveling Technological Dynamics
(Strategic Management in Family Businesses: Navigating Digital Horizons and Unraveling Technological Dynamics)
- Author(s):Hanane Allioui, Azzeddine Allioui
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:43-54
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:strategic management; family businesses; digital horizons; transformation;
- Summary/Abstract:The article explores the challenges and success factors of digital transformation in family-owned enterprises, focusing on organizational theories, power dynamics, and the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) environment. It highlights the importance of adaptability, resource and competence orchestration, and the need for ongoing communication, cooperation, and staff training. The study also explores the role of technological surveillance, specialized digital consulting, and intelligence technology in digital ventures. It emphasizes the need for active participation, clear objectives, effective leadership, and ongoing oversight. The article concludes that success in the digital age requires strategic resource allocation, effective management of power dynamics, and an innovative organizational culture.
The Tragedy of the Common Space: On the Law & Economics of Commercialized Space Travel
The Tragedy of the Common Space: On the Law & Economics of Commercialized Space Travel
(The Tragedy of the Common Space: On the Law & Economics of Commercialized Space Travel)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Environmental and Energy policy, International relations/trade, Law on Economics, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:55-60
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:behavioral economics; commercialization; commercialized space travel; common goods; cost-benefit analysis; discounting; law & economics; Liability Convention; Moon treaty; outer space;
- Summary/Abstract:Space travel has a long history throughout the 20th century. Outer space exploration started with governmental endeavors in the 1950s and 1960s. During the Cold War era, the so-called ‘space-race’ between the United States and the former Soviet Union led to major direct discoveries and accomplishments in outer space but also entailed indirect positive effects on the economy and society. Through the turn of the millennium, a new phenomenon started with a shift of former governmental space travel to offering private space experiences. In the most recent years, there has been a rapid advent of commercialized space travel options, which are expected to rise in scale and scope in the future. Privatized space travel has many short-term, medium-term and long-term advantages ranging from innovation sparking economic growth, first-mover advantages as well as leadership establishment. Conquering outer space on private sector tickets, however, may also entail various costs, risks and disadvantages that may or may not be obviously noticeable. For instance, in the short-term horizon, space travel is still a highly risky activity that can lead to fatal accidents and serious long-term health impairments. In the medium-term, space contamination and pollution have been reported as worrisome developments, which will exacerbate if space travel becomes commercialized and affordable to the global masses. The commercialization of space travel is also a legal and regulatory lacuna that bears risks of unforeseen political tensions, environmental degradation and human-ecosystem unbalancing. This article strives to inform a broad range of space travel stakeholders – like politicians, regulators, global governance executives but also non-governmental, private sector actors – about potential opportunities as well as risks of commercialized space travel. The article is organized as follows: An introduction will briefly touch on the historical advent and preliminary attempts to regulate and control space travel as well as economic problems arising to classify space as a common good. The theoretical part will give a snapshot of the history of space law from an international law perspective with reference to similar cases, such as the law of the sea. The empirical analysis will offer a first attempt to conduct a law & economics cost-benefit analysis with discounting different time perspectives for space travel benefits and costs. The discussion closes with a prospect of future research opportunities on the law and economics of commercialized space travel.
Allocating a Surplus Value in the Socialist-Oriented Market Economy of Vietnam
Allocating a Surplus Value in the Socialist-Oriented Market Economy of Vietnam
(Allocating a Surplus Value in the Socialist-Oriented Market Economy of Vietnam)
- Author(s):Tinh Do Phu Tran, Thua Huynh Kim
- Language:English
- Subject(s):National Economy, Marxist economics, Economic policy, Financial Markets
- Page Range:61-70
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:allocation; surplus value; market economy; Vietnam;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper is based on the views of Marx, as well as the economists before and after Marx, regarding surplus value. The authors analyze the allocation of surplus value in a socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam. The result shows that in Vietnam, capitalists do not occupy the entire surplus created by workers, as Marx mentioned, so the existence of surplus value in Vietnam today is not contrary to the socialist direction because of its necessity. Additionally, the authors identify problems in the distribution of surplus value that need to be addressed in the practice of the social-oriented market economy in Vietnam today. Some recommendations are also proposed to effectively allocate surplus value for Vietnamese enterprises, workers, and labor unions.
From Kashmir to East Pakistan: How Hegemony Absence Redefined South Asian Warfare
From Kashmir to East Pakistan: How Hegemony Absence Redefined South Asian Warfare
(From Kashmir to East Pakistan: How Hegemony Absence Redefined South Asian Warfare)
- Author(s):Diyun Zhang
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military history, Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:71-79
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:warfare; hegemony absence; geopolitics; South Asia;
- Summary/Abstract:Post-World War II saw a bipolar global structure emerge, altering warfare dynamics to include not only traditional wars but also civil conflicts, skirmishes, guerrilla tactics, and terrorism. Superpowers like the USA and USSR, often involved in regional disputes in South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, have been criticized for escalating tensions. However, their absence sometimes led to greater instability and uncertainty, potentially sparking new conflicts. Aiming to investigate how and why hegemony absence has shaped the evolution of warfare in the region, this article examines the three significant conventional wars between India and Pakistan that transpired in South Asia —a region deeply entrenched in distinct historical and political significance. It reveals that the 1947 Kashmir War, occurring during a period of superpower preoccupation, failed to resolve tensions and laid the groundwork for future conflicts. The increased superpower involvement in the 1965 war significantly altered the conflict's scale and outcomes. In contrast, the 1971 war, with focused attention and support from the USA and the USSR, led to East Pakistan's independence, reshaping South Asia's geopolitical structure. Using process tracing and comparative analysis, this study highlights the critical impact of hegemonic absence on regional conflicts, marked by increased decision-making autonomy, diminished resource aid, and limited mediation efforts. This South Asian case study enriches our understanding of hegemony's role in international relations theory.
Digitalization and Inequality: Digital Disparities and Mental Health among Adolescents in the U.S.
Digitalization and Inequality: Digital Disparities and Mental Health among Adolescents in the U.S.
(Digitalization and Inequality: Digital Disparities and Mental Health among Adolescents in the U.S.)
- Author(s):Carlene Turner, Heather Richter, Liyun Wu, Yuying Shen
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Psychology of Self, Health and medicine and law, Social Informatics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:80-88
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:adolescents; digital engagement; mental health; disparities;
- Summary/Abstract:Society is undergoing a fundamental transformation because of increasing digitalization, which offers great opportunities in all areas of social life, but it also poses new challenges for individuals. While the internet has provided children with access to a wealth of information and fostered creativity, it also poses risks to children’s well-being. Moreover, there are concerns about how digital technology may exacerbate the existing social disparities. Drawing on sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of ‘habitus’, this study takes an interdisciplinary approach by combining sociology, computer science, and public health to explore the potential of promoting mental health equity in an increasingly digitalized age. It proposes that children’s virtual connectivity is another ‘habitus’ in their life, layered with children’s social background factors in conjunction with their digital capital and digital engagement experiences, exerting influences on their mental health. We collected quantitative data with survey interviews from 301 adolescents in the U.S. Statistical models are processed to empirically examine the patterns in their digital engagement and mental health outcomes. The associations between children’s social background factors, digital engagement experience, and mental health outcomes are also examined. This study contributes to illuminating the dimensions of critical dialogues about building equitable societies to enhance individual flourishing in an increasingly digitalized era. It further enriches the current sociological literature on the analysis of the social impacts of new digital technologies by highlighting children’s experience of digital disparities.
Decoding Financial Viability: Unveiling the Synergy between OPCVM Commissions and AMMC Revenues
Decoding Financial Viability: Unveiling the Synergy between OPCVM Commissions and AMMC Revenues
(Decoding Financial Viability: Unveiling the Synergy between OPCVM Commissions and AMMC Revenues)
- Author(s):Azzeddine Allioui, Latifa Bouchaoui
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:89-95
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:OPCVM commissions; AMMC revenues; financial management; Economic impact; Revenue trends; Regulatory policies;
- Summary/Abstract:This scientific article delves into the intricate relationship between the net assets of Organismes de Placement Collectif en Valeurs Mobilières (OPCVM) and the revenues of the Moroccan Capital Market Authority (AMMC). Through a meticulous analysis, the study unveils a substantial influence of OPCVM commissions on AMMC's income. While affirming the direct correlation between changes in commissions and AMMC revenues, the research acknowledges the nuanced interplay of numerous factors, including the return rate of OPCVM, operational costs, economic conditions, and regulatory policies. The study employs theoretical economic mechanisms to validate the findings, recognizing both the alignment with established theories and the presence of unexplained variations in revenue trends. The implications for AMMC practitioners and decision-makers are underscored, emphasizing the necessity of monitoring and adjusting OPCVM commissions to optimize revenues and ensure financial viability. The study concludes by acknowledging its limitations and calling for continued exploration, offering a robust framework for future research on contextual variables and tariff policy adjustments to maximize AMMC revenues.
Realpolitik of Indo-Nepal Relations
Realpolitik of Indo-Nepal Relations
(Realpolitik of Indo-Nepal Relations)
- Author(s):Sunil Thapa
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic history, Political history, Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Political behavior, Comparative politics
- Page Range:96-101
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:relations; strategic interests; preferences; hegemonic; sovereignty;
- Summary/Abstract:Substantial political and economic exchanges have marked the historical relationship between Nepal and India. They maintain their diplomatic relations through high-level visits, trade initiatives, and financial investments. Moreover, India has assisted Nepal in the domain of infrastructure development but is motivated by geopolitical considerations and preferences. The Treaty of Segouli, concluded in 1816 between the Kingdom of Nepal and British India, led to Nepal's relinquishment of a substantial territorial expansion. This began the emergence of realpolitik in Nepal, which facilitated foreign intervention in the country's political affairs. India has exerted a significant hegemonic influence on Nepal's internal and external affairs since its independence from British rule in 1947. This influence has been particularly evident since establishing the 'Peace and Friendship Treaty' between India and Nepal in 1950. India has played an active role in Nepal's political movements, introduced the concept of a common river, and imposed its desires and interests through river water agreements. Additionally, India has infringed upon Nepalese territories and utilized Nepalese political parties and their leaders to create a political-economic environment in Nepal that benefits India. Furthermore, India has a covert presence in selecting Prime Ministers in Nepal. Therefore, these factors collectively suggest that India's influence and domination infringe upon Nepal's sovereignty and independence.
Democracy and Natural Law
Democracy and Natural Law
(Democracy and Natural Law)
- Author(s):Mircea V. Duca
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Political Philosophy, Religion and science , Politics and law, Philosophy of Law, Sociology of Law
- Page Range:102-106
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:democracy; natural law; positive law; society; religion; culture; education;
- Summary/Abstract:Democracy represents the engine of societal evolution from an economic and legal standpoint but with a profound impact on the psycho-emotional relationships between individuals engaged in the mechanisms of communal life. Inherent to human beings is only natural right, that ensemble of harmoniously related and innate principles to man, a system that finds its origin in the a priori space of ontological nature. The majority of constitutions pertaining to free states affirm democracy as the sole instrument capable of providing citizens with freedom of conscience, expression, opinion, and last but not least, the decency of life as the primary condition for lifelong education and cultural refinement. This article explores the intricate relationship between democracy, natural law, moral consciousness, and individual autonomy, emphasizing their interconnected roles in developing a just and equitable society.
The New Oral Tradition: Spoken Word Poetry as a Platform for Civic Engagement in the Digital Era
The New Oral Tradition: Spoken Word Poetry as a Platform for Civic Engagement in the Digital Era
(The New Oral Tradition: Spoken Word Poetry as a Platform for Civic Engagement in the Digital Era)
- Author(s):Grace Yoon
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Music, Poetry, Sociology of Art
- Page Range:107-111
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:spoken word; poetry; activism; social justice; Amanda Gorman; Danez; Donald Glover;
- Summary/Abstract:With the advent of social media and the digital landscape, mainstream activism is a distinguishing feature of young Americans today, referred to as millennials and Generation Z, i.e., those born between 1980 and 2012. However, this perspective overlooks the depth and authenticity of social involvement among these younger individuals, particularly through their embrace of literature and art—particularly spoken word poetry. Spoken word, rooted in oral tradition and championed by previous generations for its social impact, is finding renewed vigor among youth as a genuine means of articulating their societal concerns. This paper will examine the usage of spoken word poetry by contemporary Americans as a means of civic and political engagement. This exploration is contextualized through a modern lens, where digital platforms are amplifying voices traditionally marginalized in mainstream narratives, allowing spoken word poetry to evolve beyond its historical confines into a dynamic form of expression. This study extends the discussion to contemporary poets such as Amanda Gorman, Danez Smith, and Donald Glover who have harnessed the art form to address society’s most pressing issues. This analysis underscores the genre's burgeoning role within popular culture, evidenced by its integration into the music and public personas of artists who have traditionally not been associated with spoken word, thereby marking its reentry into the popular consciousness. At its core, the revival of spoken word among the youth, fueled by social media and digital platforms, represents a recent renovation to an old art form at different levels of pop culture. It is a testament to the enduring power of the spoken word to inspire, challenge, and mobilize. By embracing this tradition, today's generation is not merely participating in an act of revival but is actively redefining civic engagement and artistic expression.
Law and Social Transformation - A Study with Special Reference to India
Law and Social Transformation - A Study with Special Reference to India
(Law and Social Transformation - A Study with Special Reference to India)
- Author(s):C.R. Jilova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Sociology of Religion, Sociology of Law
- Page Range:112-120
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:dynamic; social transformation; preamble; fundamental rights; custom and usages;
- Summary/Abstract:Law is a dynamic instrument fashioned by society to achieve the harmonious adjustment of human relations by elimination of social tension and conflicts. Social changes are necessary for the development of the society. These changes can be facilitated by the tool of law, otherwise, it will be very difficult to clear the hurdle of custom and usage. The objectives of this paper are to understand the meanings of the terms “law” and “social transformation,” which studies the social problems of societies and their solutions through a legal approach. The law of any civilized country is not definite, but changes according to the needs of society. The path of social change in India has been charted out by the constitutional provisions of the preamble, fundamental rights, directives principles and Article 368. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that the instrumentality of law and social change is necessary to study some special changes that have taken place in India, through judicial interpretation and amendment of law for social transformation. These changes includes the abolition of Sati System, prohibition of child marriage, maintenance laws, free education, right to information, registration of marriage, recognition of live-in relationships, juvenile justice, protection of LGBTQ rights, and protection of rights of Muslim women in marriage.
Buddha's Pedagogy: Reviving the Timeless Wisdom
Buddha's Pedagogy: Reviving the Timeless Wisdom
(Buddha's Pedagogy: Reviving the Timeless Wisdom)
- Author(s):Pramila Bakhati
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Indian Philosophy, Philosophy of Education, Pedagogy
- Page Range:121-124
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Four Noble Truths; Eightfold path; relevancy of Buddha's teaching; Buddha's pedagogy;
- Summary/Abstract:Buddhism is typically understood and interpreted as a life philosophy, a religion, a discipline, and a teaching-learning process. Buddha's primary objective in his investigation was to alleviate human suffering by identifying its root cause and revealing the truth about the world. Consequently, the Buddha discovered the 'Four Noble Truths', his first teaching after attaining enlightenment in the sixth century BCE. In the 'Four Noble Truths', the word 'truth' refers to the investigation of reality (Yun 2014). Buddha's teachings emphasized the importance of non-discrimination against individuals based on their caste, religion, gender, or any other form of identity and would not harm any species (Finn 2013; Wei 2003). Buddha devoted 45 years to imparting the Dhamma for this reason. Therefore, he embraced the principle of inclusiveness, welcoming all who desired to learn and comprehend the Dhamma (Liu & Tee 2014). As a result, he taught the path to enlightenment to achieve happiness. Buddha utilized various teaching methods and approaches: interactive and inquiry-based, question-and-answer sessions, illustrations, narrative, analytical and experimental approaches, mindfulness and critical thinking, examples to clarify concepts, ethical and character education during his lifetime. These techniques are still highly pertinent and applicable in contemporary classrooms. This paper examines the purpose of imparting the Dhamma, Buddha's pedagogy, and its application in the present context.
Guardianship, a Means of Protecting the Individual from the Perspective of Legal History: Between Roman Law and Romanian Law
Guardianship, a Means of Protecting the Individual from the Perspective of Legal History: Between Roman Law and Romanian Law
(Guardianship, a Means of Protecting the Individual from the Perspective of Legal History: Between Roman Law and Romanian Law)
- Author(s):Marilena MARIN
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Comparative Law, Roman law
- Page Range:125-131
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:curatorship; guardianship; history of law; Roman Law; Private Law;
- Summary/Abstract:The need to protect individuals who lack the capacity to protect themselves has led the legislator to impose a set of conduct rules in this regard. The role and purpose of establishing these rules have been dictated by the legal order encountered in each era, in various forms, according to the level of evolution and development of society. This serves as the starting point of this study, considering that the institution of guardianship represents a longstanding concern, which we have continued to analyze over time, drawing on the doctrine and jurisprudence encountered up to this point. Within the scope of this work, we will bring to attention aspects of the ancient world related to the institution of representation through guardianship and curatorship, after which we will focus on the institution of curatorship as we find it in modern days.
European Certificate of Inheritance
European Certificate of Inheritance
(European Certificate of Inheritance)
- Author(s):Cristina Ramona Duță
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Law, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:132-141
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Romanian Civil Code; European Certificate; inheritance;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to analyze the intricate matters surrounding the succession of deceased persons who have their nationality and last residence in one of the countries of the European Union, but have assets (e.g., real estate) located in Romania. It is important to determine which law applies to the succession, which court or notary public is qualified to settle a succession case with a foreign element. For a succession with an element of foreignness within the European Union to be effectively managed, heirs, legatees, executors of wills or administrators of the estate must be able to easily prove their status and/or competences in another Member State, such as the Member State where the succession assets are located. The proper functioning of the internal market is facilitated by removing obstacles to the free movement of persons who might face difficulties in exercising their rights in the context of a succession with foreign elements. In the European area of justice, citizens must be able to organize their succession in good time. The rights of heirs and legatees, other persons close to the deceased and creditors of the succession must be effectively guaranteed.
Essential Factors that Contributed to the Growth of the Church in the Subapostolic Age
Essential Factors that Contributed to the Growth of the Church in the Subapostolic Age
(Essential Factors that Contributed to the Growth of the Church in the Subapostolic Age)
- Author(s):Bebe Ciaușu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History of Church(es), Ancient World, History of Religion
- Page Range:142-148
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:church; growth; apostolic fathers; mission; evangelism; subapostolic age;
- Summary/Abstract:This article explores the factors that led to the explosive growth of the Church in the subapostolic period, despite the vacuum of authority and missionary strategy left by the death of Christ's apostles. Some of these factors, such as the exercise of supernatural gifts, the dedication of itinerant prophets to bring the Gospel to as many people as possible, the synagogue system and the prevalence of Jewish proselytism, Hellenized culture, Roman infrastructure, and the rise of mystery religions are attested to in the literature. However, in this research paper, we suggest that a decisive role in the spread of the Gospel throughout the Roman Empire was played by Christian laymen who believed it was their responsibility to carry the message of salvation to the ends of the earth.
Adoption of FinTech Training by Family Enterprises and its Impact on Local Economic Growth in Morocco
Adoption of FinTech Training by Family Enterprises and its Impact on Local Economic Growth in Morocco
(Adoption of FinTech Training by Family Enterprises and its Impact on Local Economic Growth in Morocco)
- Author(s):Azzeddine Allioui, Wafaa El Gouz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:149-157
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:family businesses; financial technology; innovation; economic growth;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adoption of Financial Technologies (FinTech) training by family businesses in Morocco and to assess the consequences of this acceptance for the development of the local economy. Traditional business models are being reformulated as a result of technological advancements, which are causing the global financial environment to undergo fast transformation. In this context, family businesses, which make up a significant portion of Morocco's economic fabric, are investigated regarding the degree to which they have committed themselves to the teaching of financial technology. Regulatory frameworks, resource accessibility, and understanding of the possible implications of FinTech tools are some of the important elements that are investigated in this research. The study also provides an analysis of the factors that influence the adoption of FinTech training among family businesses. The objective is to provide insights into the obstacles and possibilities connected with incorporating FinTech into the operations of family companies in Morocco by first gaining an awareness of these issues. In addition to this, the study investigates the practical consequences that the implementation of FinTech has on the operational efficiency, risk management, and decision-making processes of family businesses. Our goal is to shed light on the role that FinTech plays in enhancing the competitiveness and growth prospects of family businesses, thereby contributing to the overall economic development at the local level in Morocco. This will be accomplished through an analysis of case studies and empirical data. It is expected that the outcomes of this study will provide significant insights for policymakers, business executives, and academics interested in the nexus between family businesses, financial technology education, and economic development.
The Offense of False Identity in the Romanian Criminal Code
The Offense of False Identity in the Romanian Criminal Code
(The Offense of False Identity in the Romanian Criminal Code)
- Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Hegheș
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
- Page Range:158-162
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:false identity; offense; standard variant; aggravated variant; assimilated variant;
- Summary/Abstract:The offenses of counterfeiting sanctioned in the Romanian Criminal Code refer to the set of illegal acts that harm social relationships of trust. The category of false includes such acts as counterfeiting of currency, stamps or other valuable instruments, counterfeiting validation or marking instruments, counterfeiting documents, and false identity. Trust between members of society, between them and state institutions, represents an essential value for the consolidation and smooth running of social relations. However, acts of falsification and the utilization of false information generate feelings of mistrust, undermining the foundations of societal trust. Serious damage can occur to both individuals and legal entities. This article analysis the offense of false identity as stipulated in the Romanian Criminal Code. False identity fraud is the deed of the person who presents himself under a false identity or assigns such an identity to another person with the intent to induce or mislead a public servant or the entity in which he works in order to produce a legal consequence.
New Aspects of Extradition to Russia and Belarus in the Context of the War in Ukraine
New Aspects of Extradition to Russia and Belarus in the Context of the War in Ukraine
(New Aspects of Extradition to Russia and Belarus in the Context of the War in Ukraine)
- Author(s):Simona Franguloiu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Military policy, Studies in violence and power, Peace and Conflict Studies, Russian Aggression against Ukraine
- Page Range:163-174
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:extradition; impediments; terrorism; military conflict; fundamental human rights; inhuman treatment;
- Summary/Abstract:Given the intensification of the fight against terrorism and also the obligation to respect the fundamental rights and freedoms of suspects or accused persons in criminal proceedings, including those involving requests for judicial cooperation, the analysis of the optional grounds for extradition shows that they arise whenever, as a result of surrender, the extraditable person’s situation risks being substantially adversely affected, disregarding the factors giving rise to such a risk, such as, for example, the person’s age or state of health, without, however, limiting the impediments to extradition to the latter two elements. Consequently, it is necessary for the court dealing with the extradition request to identify all the circumstances and risk factors relevant to the incidence of the optional grounds for refusal of extradition by examining all the relevant information, including the objective situation existing in the requesting State. In this context, data showing the existence of a significant risk as described by repeated assessments by competent bodies, which point to the violation of fundamental human rights in the requesting State and/or the subjection of the extraditable person to inhuman or degrading treatment, may be considered.
Intertemporal Aspects of Keynes' Multiplier: On the Long-Term Benefits of Green Investments
Intertemporal Aspects of Keynes' Multiplier: On the Long-Term Benefits of Green Investments
(Intertemporal Aspects of Keynes' Multiplier: On the Long-Term Benefits of Green Investments)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:175-179
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:behavioral economics; economics; finance; green funds; green investments; Keynes’ multiplier; sustainability; temporal discounting;
- Summary/Abstract:One of the hallmarks of macroeconomics is the Keynesian multiplier. John Maynard Keynes described the multiplying effect of new investments in the economy to have multifaceted influences on the overall wellbeing of nations. The notion that investments drive economic activity and growth is consolidated with many empirical findings in different domains. Interestingly, hardly any account exists on intertemporal aspects of Keynes’ multiplier. The discounting and temporal elements of multiplying effects and the time-lag for investments to bloom in the economy are – to this day – not captured. Behavioral economics offers ample account on discounting. People are found to focus on the present rather than discounting for future instances properly. Integrating a temporal element into the Keynesian multiplier effect offers opportunities to understand the long-term benefits of green investments. Environmentally-conscientious finance has seen an advent in most recent decades. To this day, however, there is no clear account of the performance of green funds. Temporal aspects in Keynes’ multiplier may help understand the difficulty in determining the long-term advantages of green investments. Adding information on the long-term benefits of green funds may also serve contemporary endeavors to capture wealth in nature. This article is organized as follows: First, an introduction describes Keynes’ multiplier and temporal discounting. Then the need for integrating temporal aspects into Keynes’ multiplier is outlined. The application of temporal Keynes’ multiplier aspects in the green investment domain is provided. The discussion closes with a prospect for future research avenues.
Causes of Non-Imputability in Romanian Criminal Law
Causes of Non-Imputability in Romanian Criminal Law
(Causes of Non-Imputability in Romanian Criminal Law)
- Author(s):Gabriel-Alin Ciocoiu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Penal Policy
- Page Range:180-189
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:physical constraint; moral constraint; non-accountable excessiveness; underage perpetrator; mental incompetence; intoxication; error; fortuitous case;
- Summary/Abstract:This study focuses on the causes of non-imputability provided in the Romanian Criminal Code from 2009, as it entered into force in 2014. It presents eight causes of non-imputability: physical constraint, moral constraint, non-accountable excessiveness, underage perpetrator, mental incompetence, intoxication, error, fortuitous case. In the Romanian criminal legislation, the causes of non-imputability are a new element, replacing the notion of causes that remove the criminal character of the act used in the Criminal Code from 1968. When it is established that an act provided for by the criminal law was committed under the conditions of one of the causes of non-imputability, that deed will not constitute a crime from the perspective of removing the imputable character that leads to the impossibility of applying a punishment or an educational measure. The effect of the causes of non-imputability does not extend to the participants, except in the fortuitous case.
Transversal Competences for the Labor Market
Transversal Competences for the Labor Market
(Transversal Competences for the Labor Market)
- Author(s):Mircea Mureșan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Labor relations, State/Government and Education, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:190-195
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:quality education; skills development; graduate; social inclusion; economic competitiveness;
- Summary/Abstract:In the last two decades, the competence-based learning system has spread in Europe, aiming to develop young people's skills to help them perform in a knowledge-based economy (Chapman and Aspin 2013). This system ensures labor force mobility and transparency in the European space and at an intersectorial level. As a regional policy, European education, including higher education, was reformed based on the Lisbon Strategy and the Bologna Process (EMD 1999), and in Romania, the European recommendations regarding the new frameworks of qualifications in higher education were taken over, achieving the connection at EQF*. From another perspective, employing companies validate the importance of skills for the Romanian labor market and the level of satisfaction of employers with the skills of higher education graduates. As a typology, employers consider transversal skills more important than professional ones, both at a conceptual level and as a degree of acquisition following the completion of higher education. In this article, competence is seen as an outcome, reflecting the requirements of a job, according to Tate (1995) and Rowe (1995). In other words, competence is investigated, denoting what a person knows and is able to do to perform the tasks required by a given occupation (Winterton 2009). Since 2005, a process of substantiating study programs on competencies and learning outcomes has been developed in Romania. In the framework of the research, I sought the answer to the question of how the importance of transversal skills of candidates is perceived on the labor market, their type, and the way in which they translate the knowledge and skills that a graduate of the Romanian education system must have. We also explored the most common ways of integrating transversal skills into the university curriculum and their impact on students’ personal and professional development.
A Parallel Study of Romanian and Italian Traditional Culture
A Parallel Study of Romanian and Italian Traditional Culture
(A Parallel Study of Romanian and Italian Traditional Culture)
- Author(s):Aurelia Sabiescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Comparative history
- Page Range:196-198
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Romanian folklore; tarantism; Romanian căluș;
- Summary/Abstract:Through his enduring work and innovative forays as a pioneering researcher and true intellectual, De Martino remains a prolific culture maker and a pioneer in the field of ethno-anthropology, contributing to a remarkable extent, including advancing research in the field and continuing to stimulate, in a substantial way, those interested in following his path. In addition to his vast theoretical background, De Martino’s genuine personality has always guided him to a form of knowledge based on experience, with his field research developing innovative methodological approaches - even through the integration of new technologies – confirming De Martino as a true guide in applied ethnological research. Through the extensive use of photography as an essential tool for critical analysis of scientific evidence, all research techniques undergo transformation. The author advocates for the necessity of expanding the study of De Martino’s work within Romanian academia, particularly focusing on the relationship of the Italian scholar with Romanian folklore, treated and viewed in comparison with the forms of manifestation of Italian popular culture. In this exploration, fascinating aspects and similarities of tarantism with the ritual elements of the Romanian Căluș can be detected. The Căluș dance, included in UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2005), stands as an important national emblem and a symbol of Romanian identity.
The Indispensability of Science and Morality for the Sustainability of Nations
The Indispensability of Science and Morality for the Sustainability of Nations
(The Indispensability of Science and Morality for the Sustainability of Nations)
- Author(s):Alin Boloca
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Philosophy of Science, Social development
- Page Range:199-207
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Moral science; theological knowledge; divine forbearance; divine judgment; fairness in governance; societal harmony;
- Summary/Abstract:The proposition that science and morality are indispensable for the sustainability and prosperity of nations is an idea that finds broad support in academic and theological circles. The centrality of science to the advancement of our societies is self-evident, as the technological innovations that have arisen from scientific inquiry have enabled us to solve some of our most pressing challenges. However, the importance of morality is equally salient, as it provides a moral compass for our actions and decisions. In the absence of such ethical guidance, the fruits of scientific endeavor may result in unethical practices that ultimately cause harm to individuals and society as a whole. Thus, it is imperative that we continue to accord both science and morality the respect and attention they deserve, recognizing that they are fundamental to our pursuit of progress, prosperity, and sustainability.
