Droga do zrównoważonej gospodarki światowej
The road to a sustainable global economy
Contributor(s): Judyta Cabańska (Editor), Dorota Czyżewska-Misztal (Editor), Grzegorz Mazur (Editor)
Subject(s): Economy, Gender Studies, Education, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies, Civil Society, Governance, Labor relations, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, International relations/trade, Social development, Management and complex organizations, Health and medicine and law, Demography and human biology, Gerontology, Sociology of the arts, business, education, Economic development, Environmental interactions, Law on Economics, Migration Studies, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Marketing / Advertising, Tourism, Human Resources in Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Business Ethics, Globalization, Socio-Economic Research, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Transport / Logistics, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu
Keywords: Unia Europejska;zrównoważony rozwój;cyfryzacja;zielona transformacja;AI;zarządzanie zasobami środowiskowymi;zrównoważone i inkluzywne społeczeństwo;zachowania konsumentów;cykl życia produktu;rynek pracy;fair trade;cła;edukacja;
Summary/Abstract: Dynamiczne i głębokie zmiany w środowisku naturalnym naszej planety wymuszają przedefiniowanie dotychczasowych modeli konsumpcji i produkcji. W tym kontekście koncepcja zrównoważonego rozwoju staje się jedną z najważniejszych determinant kształtujących procesy gospodarcze oraz decyzje konsumentów, przedsiębiorstw i państw, a działania w tym zakresie muszą być podejmowane na poziomie globalnym. Szczególne miejsce w tym obszarze zajmuje Unia Europejska, która postawiła sobie za cel osiągnięcie neutralności klimatycznej do 2050 roku. Jest to zarówno wyzwanie, jak i szansa dla europejskiej gospodarki. To ambitne założenie ma zostać osiągnięte przez połączenie działań podejmowanych jednocześnie w obszarze transformacji cyfrowej i środowiskowej. Przedstawiona monografia stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytania, w jaki sposób stawić czoła najważniejszym przeobrażeniom związanym z transformacją cyfrowo-środowiskową oraz przemianami społecznymi i globalnymi.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-8211-245-0
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-8211-244-3
- Page Count: 262
- Publication Year: 2024
- Language: Polish
Wprowadzenie
Wprowadzenie
(Introduction)
- Author(s):Judyta Cabańska, Dorota Czyżewska-Misztal, Grzegorz Mazur
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:11-15
- No. of Pages:5
Wykaz skrótów
Wykaz skrótów
(List of abbreviations)
- Author(s):Not Specified Author
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:7-10
- No. of Pages:4
ZAKOŃCZENIE, SPIS TABEL SPIS RYSUNKÓW, WYKRESÓW I MAP
ZAKOŃCZENIE, SPIS TABEL SPIS RYSUNKÓW, WYKRESÓW I MAP
(CONCLUSION, LIST OF TABLES LIST OF DRAWINGS, CHARTS AND MAPS)
- Author(s):Not Specified Author
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:255-262
- No. of Pages:8
W stronę zrównoważonej i cyfrowej gospodarki – o wyzwaniach podwójnej transformacji w Unii Europejskiej
W stronę zrównoważonej i cyfrowej gospodarki – o wyzwaniach podwójnej transformacji w Unii Europejskiej
(Towards a sustainable and digital economy – on the challenges of the twin transition in the EU)
- Author(s):Judyta Cabańska, Dorota Czyżewska-Misztal, Anita PERSKA
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Energy and Environmental Studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Business Ethics, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:19-30
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:podwójna transformacja;cyfryzacja;zielona transformacja;Unia Europejska;
- Summary/Abstract:The twin transition in the EU constitutes an important research and policy area nowadays. Efforts are multiplied in order to face challenges resulting from the digital transformation of economies and societies as well as fostering sustainable development goals. The considerations presented in this chapter are guided by three objectives: 1) an outline of the EU’s digital transformation efforts with the identification of key projects in this area; 2) an outline of the EU’s green transformation efforts;and 3) an identification of the challenges arising from green and digital transformation for the EU. Text analysis and case study are used as research methods in the chapter. The results show that the twin transition is a process that already started being implemented, the EU has formulated strategies, key projects and indicators to be measured. Now a common effort of multiple stakeholders: Member States, the EU institutions, European enterprises and societies is needed to face diverse challenges of the green and digital transition in the EU.
Ewolucja rynku cyfrowego Unii Europejskiej: wybrane aspekty pojęciowe i prawodawcze
Ewolucja rynku cyfrowego Unii Europejskiej: wybrane aspekty pojęciowe i prawodawcze
(The evolution of the EU digital market: theoretical and legislative aspects)
- Author(s):Łukasz Wróblewski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Law on Economics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Business Ethics, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:31-42
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Unia Europejska;rynek cyfrowy;cyfryzacja;wspólny rynek;integracja europejska;
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of the chapter is to present the evolution of the European Union’s digital market. Its potential and the most important problems will also be presented. The chapter is based on the analysis of the literature and the EU legal acts. The EU digital market is based on the concept of the common market and it consists in eliminating trade barriers between Member States to e-commerce. Thus, it boosts the EU’s economy and it generates substantial economic benefits for business and consumers. However, the full potential of the digital market still remains unexplored. Given that fact, the digitalmarket should be treated by the EU and its member states as a crucial priority for the next years.
Wykorzystanie sztucznej inteligencji na rzecz rozwoju miast i regionów
Wykorzystanie sztucznej inteligencji na rzecz rozwoju miast i regionów
(The use of artificial intelligence for the development of cities and regions)
- Author(s):Dorota Czyżewska-Misztal
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Geography, Regional studies, Supranational / Global Economy, Micro-Economics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:43-52
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:miasto;smart city;AI;transformacja cyfrowa;
- Summary/Abstract:The use of AI is becoming omnipresent, also for territorial development. In the cities and regions one can observe diverse use cases of its implementation ranging from waste management, education support, traffic management, to climate change challenges and many others. The aim of this study is to discuss the importance of solutions based on artificial intelligence for the development of cities and regions by outlining its importance using the perspective of current literature studies and discussing examples of specific solutions based on AI used in selected cities and regions in Europe. The study uses literature review and case study as main research methods. The study shows the growing importance of AI technologies for urban and regional purposes from the theoretical and empirical perspective. One cannot therefore forget to take into account potential threats that appear especially with the growing interest devoted to generative AI.
Transformacja energetyczna w Unii Europejskiej w latach 1990-2021
Transformacja energetyczna w Unii Europejskiej w latach 1990-2021
(The energy transition in the European Union in the years 1990–2021)
- Author(s):Bogusława Drelich-Skulska, Paweł Brusiło
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:53-68
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Unia Europejska;transformacja energetyczna;polityka energetyczna;odnawialne źródła energii;
- Summary/Abstract:Energy transition is one of the global challenges that is part of a wider process of adapting the European Union’s development strategy to climate change and its energy policy. The aim of this chapter is to present the EU’s energy transition from 1990 to 2021, in relation to the EU’s energy policy objectives. The authors have reviewed the literature on the energy transition in the EU, selected macroeconomic indicators characterising the structural transformation in the energy sector of EU members and the legal acts that shape this process. The chapter presents the results of studies that show a significant increase in the importance of renewable energy sources (RES) in the structure ofprimary energy consumption and changes in the structure of final energy consumption in individual sectors. During the period under review, the EU adopted ambitious targets and instruments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, from the energy sector and to increase energy efficiency in general, which translated into a significant change within the related indicators. On the basis of the research carried out, it can be concluded that the energy transition process in the EU has led to significant structural changes in this area, characterised by significant dynamism and impact of the energy policies implemented by the European Union.
Wpływ człowieka na środowisko w perspektywie zrównoważonego rozwoju
Wpływ człowieka na środowisko w perspektywie zrównoważonego rozwoju
(Human impact on the environment from a sustainable development perspective)
- Author(s):Magdalena Muradin
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic policy, Economic development, Environmental interactions, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:69-80
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:wpływ środowiskowy;czynniki antropogeniczne;zrównoważony rozwój;zmiana klimatyczna;zasoby;gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this chapter is to present the human impact on the environment from the perspective of sustainable development. It outlines the crisis in human-environment relations and the need to return to a state of equilibrium. It focuses on identifying the main environmental threats and risks associated with human economic activities, analysing areas such as resources, climate, biodiversity, water, air and soil. It also discusses the concept of sustainable development, taking into account the Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030, as well as the European Green Deal strategy. The study points to the need to change attitudes towards natural resources and to implement new business models worldwide in order to achieve a pre-industrial economic-environmental balance and to meet the needs of present and future generations.
Gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym sposobem na efektywne zarządzanie zasobami
Gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym sposobem na efektywne zarządzanie zasobami
(Circular economy as an approach to optimize material management)
- Author(s):Piotr Idczak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Business Ethics, Globalization, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:81-90
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym;decoupling;wydłużenie życia produktu;redystrybucja/ponowne użycie;recykling;ekonomia współdzielenia;
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter aims to present the principal assumptions of the circular economy (CE), which advocates for the rational exploitation of natural resources and emphasises the significance of a closed and continuous cycle in their utilisation, supporting the concept of sustainable and enduring development. Furthermore, the discussions are designed to underscore the necessity of creating consumption patterns and utilising production functions that, as an essential element of management optimisation, advocate for the closure of the material and energy cycles in anthropogenic processes. This chapter strives to portray CE as an initiative that seeks to completely decouple global economic growth from finite resource consumption. This study employs a descriptive research design, incorporating a literature survey followed by logical (epistemological) reasoning and a systemic approach. The continuous effort to increase the production capacity of the economy, aiming to enhance social well-being, exerts significant pressure on the environment. The traditional linear production process involves the unsustainable use of natural resources and generates substantial amounts of waste. This model poses a serious risk of depleting natural materials and precipitating climate change disasters, potentially leading to the collapse of economic and social systems. CE advocates a transition from extractive economies, characterised by excessive and wasteful consumption, to economic models founded on resource efficiency, reuse, sharing, and closed loops. This transition can be facilitated by implementing circular business models that offer solutions to extend the product lifecycle, including repairing and improving products, recovering raw materials from by-products, and recycling end-of-life products, or activities encouraging sharing.
Zintegrowane gospodarowanie zasobami wodnymi – wybrane aspekty praktyczne na przykładzie Polski
Zintegrowane gospodarowanie zasobami wodnymi – wybrane aspekty praktyczne na przykładzie Polski
(Integrated Water Resources Management – selected practical aspects on the example of Poland)
- Author(s):Karol Mrozik
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Management and complex organizations, Business Ethics
- Page Range:91-103
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:zintegrowane gospodarowanie zasobami wodnymi;ryzyko powodziowe;przeciwdziałanie skutkom suszy;Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the study is to present the main assumptions of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and to indicate the practical aspects of the implementation of the IWRM into the Polish legal system. Therefore, it will be discussed, among others, a new organizational structure for water management, taking into account the river basin system and a list of water management planning documents. The practical aim of the chapter is to identify and discuss the sources of spatial data in the field of water management used in water management planning and in spatial planning. The work used scientific literature, current legal acts and water management planning documents (as of December 31, 2023) as well as data provided by the PGW Wody Polskie. A query of spatial data regarding water resources management was carried out in the period December 1–31, 2023. The analyses carried out confirmed, e.g., that the takeover of the competences of the provinciall and improvement and water facilities boards by PGW Wody Polskie on January 1, 2018 constitutes the implementation of the provisions of the Water Framework Directive of October 23, 2,000 regarding the management of water resources within hydrographic, and not administrative, units, and that numerous changes introduced in the Water Law Act of July 20, 2017 contribute to delays in the development of water management planning documents in Poland.
Zróżnicowanie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w Polsce w świetle europejskiej polityki spójności i celów zrównoważonego rozwoju
Zróżnicowanie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w Polsce w świetle europejskiej polityki spójności i celów zrównoważonego rozwoju
(Diversification of socio-economic development in Poland in the light of European cohesion policy and sustainable development goals)
- Author(s):Maciej Pietrzykowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Business Ethics, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:107-123
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:zrównoważony rozwój;polityka spójności;cele zrównoważonego rozwoju;Unia Europejska;
- Summary/Abstract:In the article, the impact of the EU Cohesion Policy on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 10 (SDG), focusing on reducing inequalities in Poland, is examined. The aim isto assess whether the Cohesion Policy effectively contributes to reducing income inequalities and the labour market, thereby leading to economic convergence within the EU, at the national and regional levels, with particular emphasis on Poland’s position and its socio-economic development diversification. The study focuses on the analysis of economic indicators, including purchasing power-adjusted GDP per capita and employment rates for the years 2010–2022, in the context of the objectives ofthe Cohesion Policy and the 2030 Agenda. The study’s findings confirm that in terms of reducing income disparities and improving employment, the cohesion policy could have been effective due to the convergence of the analysed indicators. In particular, the situation in Poland during the analysed period was satisfactory, as the country improved its results in terms of both analysed SDG10 indicators, nationally and regionally. Also, the overall SDG index for Poland and its overall ranking position is highly satisfactory, and the Gini coefficient, which illustrates income disparities, is at a good level in relation to other countries.
Starzenie się społeczeństw w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Starzenie się społeczeństw w krajach Unii Europejskiej
(Aging societies in European Union countries)
- Author(s):Krzysztof Szwarc
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Economic policy, Demography and human biology, Gerontology, Sociology of the arts, business, education, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Business Ethics, Globalization, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:124-133
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Unia Europejska;starzenie się społeczeństw;silver economy;
- Summary/Abstract:In this chapter, a comprehensive presentation of the situation of European Union countries regarding the aging process of societies has been provided. Its aim was to present, in a synthesized form, the current state along with indicating developmental trends, discussing causes, and potential consequences. Based on Eurostat data, the state of the discussed process was identified as advanced, mainly due to demographic processes occurring in the past, but also contemporary attitudes of inhabitants, particularly in the reproductive sphere. Possible effects of the aging phenomenon were outlined, encompassing both negative aspects (such as issues in the job market or within the social security system) and positive ones (the development of the so-called silver economy). The situation of EU countries appears challenging, given the pace at which the aging process of societies is progressing, which may primarily result in a decline in the quality of life for seniors. Among the opportunities lies technological advancement and medical services development, enabling older individuals to function more easily during their post-productive years.
Nowy pakt o migracji i azylu
Nowy pakt o migracji i azylu
(The New Pact on Migration and Asylum)
- Author(s):Judyta Cabańska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Migration Studies, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Globalization, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:134-145
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Unia Europejska;nowy pakt o migracji i azylu;
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, the scale of migration flows in Europe has necessitated additional reforms to control external borders and migrant flows. The European Commission has proposed The New Pacton Migration and Asylum, which is a set of regulations to create a fairer, efficient, and more sustainable migration and asylum process for the European Union. The new Pact agreed between the European Parliament and the Council in December 2023. The aim of this chapter is to set out the objectives of the new Pact on Migration and Asylum and the proposed changes to the migration and asylum system. Analysis of the EU legal acts and literature review are used as main research methods in the chapter. The results show that the new common approach to migration and asylum is based on solidarity, responsibility, and respect for human rights. The proposals set out in the legislative proposals that form part of the Pact include principles on the processing of asylum applications, the introduction of temporary emergency measures for crisis situations, the improvement of the EU fingerprint database for asylum seekers, the introduction of screening, reception conditions for asylum seekers, the creation of a permanent EU resettlement framework, the harmonisation of protection standards and the rights of asylum seekers. As planned, the new rules are intended to increase the efficiency of the European asylum system, which is crucial in the light of the predicted intensification of migratory flows worldwide.
Wybrane zmiany na rynku pracy w Unii Europejskiej w latach 2013–2023
Wybrane zmiany na rynku pracy w Unii Europejskiej w latach 2013–2023
(Selected changes on labour market in the European Union in 2013–2023)
- Author(s):Magdalena Knapińska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Gender Studies, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Labor relations, Management and complex organizations, Sociology of the arts, business, education, Human Resources in Economy, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:146-158
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:rynek pracy;podaż pracy;luka płacowa;bezrobocie;popyt na pracę;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the chapter is to present the functioning of the labour market in selected European Union’s countries. The subject of the analysis are selected problems of the functioning of this labour market, which seems to be the most interesting. Therefore, the focus was on issues such as the scope of NEET and precariat, part-time employment, robotisation, wage gap and long-termand youth unemployment. These issues were presented in the research period 2013–2023, and the countries selected for analysis are Poland, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Spain, the Czech Republic and Hungary. The criterion for selecting these countries for analysis is to include representatives of the most developed and most populous EU countries, post-communist countries and countries with a worse situation on the labour market. The study used descriptive statistics methods and elements of logical analysis to study cause and effect relationships. The general conclusion from the research indicates the existence of groups of countries in which changes in the labour market are characterizsd by a similar course and dynamics, in which groups of countries can indicate specific directions for state policy on the labour market.
Europejska Unia Zdrowotna
Europejska Unia Zdrowotna
(European Health Union)
- Author(s):Ida Musiałkowska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Health and medicine and law, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:159-172
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Europejska Unia Zdrowotna;polityka zdrowotna;COVID-19;europejski plan walki z rakiem;
- Summary/Abstract:Health is an area in which the European Union has so far had little competence, enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. For many years, it has provided financial and coordinating support for some of the activities in this area. Most of the activities and solutions were thus carried out at Member State level. However, with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, interest in public health and its prevention increased. The purpose of this chapter is to identify and characterise the health-related instruments that have been put in place under the current financial perspective 2021–2027 and as the post-pandemic reaction instruments, the application of which can improve both the response to future pandemic or epidemiological threats and access to health care for EU citizens. The latter is particularly relevant, given the key issues of quality of life and citizens wellbeing, the potential to improve health and save lives of the EU population. The following analytical methods were used: critical assessment of literature, reports, communications, law, and statistical data as well as participatory observation in forums of policy makers and health policy experts. The main finding is that a new “body”, namely the European Health Union (EHU) was created in reaction to the needs of citizens and businesses operating in the area of health expressed during the pandemic. It was characterised in the course of the paper, including its components related to cancer, mental health and reforms comprising pharmaceutical law and strategy. Instruments supporting each ofthe EHU components were also identified showing the complexity and diversity of many of them, as well as bigger involvement of the EU in the area of health compared to the previous years. Avenues for further research were also pointed out in the concluding part of the chapter.
Zrównoważone i odporne społeczeństwo
Zrównoważone i odporne społeczeństwo
(Sustainable and resilient society)
- Author(s):Judyta Cabańska, Magdalena Śliwińska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Education, Economic policy, Health and medicine and law, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Globalization, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:173-184
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:odporne społeczeństwo;zrównoważone społeczeństwo;zrównoważony rozwój;odporność;antykruchość;indeks zrównoważonego społeczeństwa;
- Summary/Abstract:Parallel to the environmental aspects, social well-being is central to the concept of sustainable development. Therefore the purpose of this chapter is to explore the social aspects of sustainable development and the importance of building a sustainable and resilient society in the face of today’s global challenges. This chapter presents the social aspects of sustainable development. It analyses the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the Sustainable Society Index and the importance of building resilient and sustainable societies. It then explores how N. N. Taleb’s concepts of black swans and antifragility can be used to build resilient and sustainable societies. The study was based on an analysis of documents and a review of literature. The study is based on document analysis and literature review. The findings of the study confirm that achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals requires action at both micro- and macro-levels, as well as international cooperation. Societies havean important role to play in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and that sustainable and resilient societies, broadly understood in the context of M. Taleb’s concept of antifragility, may prove crucial in crisis situations.
Zrównoważone zachowania konsumentów – wybrane zagadnienia
Zrównoważone zachowania konsumentów – wybrane zagadnienia
(Sustainable consumer behavior – selected aspects)
- Author(s):Maria Sielicka-Różyńska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Micro-Economics, Behaviorism, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:185-193
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:zrównoważona konsumpcja;zrównoważone zachowania konsumentów;zero waste;cele zrównoważonego rozwoju;ograniczanie marnowania żywności;dekonsumpcja;roślinne alternatywy;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the chapter is to present consumers’ activities and behaviors that should be implemented to achieve sustainable and responsible consumption. The chapter is prepared basing on current literature, reports and companies organisational documents. Sustainable consumption assumes optimal and conscious use of available resources to achieve development, while minimising the harmful impact on the environment and ensuring satisfaction for both the current and future generations. The key element in ensuring sustainable consumption is conscious and responsible consumer, asa representative of the household, that should be aware and comply with Zero Waste rules, that are in line with Sustainable Development Goals. Initiatives such as foodsharing, community kitchens, using mobile applications to reduce the surplus food, freeganism or following plant-based diets might be crucial in achieving sustainable food consumption and, among others, reduction of food waste. There is a big need to increase the awareness of consumers in terms of sustainable behaviors and their access to information through, e.g., social campaigns.
Ekspansja usług dostarczanych cyfrowo w globalnym handlu
Ekspansja usług dostarczanych cyfrowo w globalnym handlu
(Expansion of digitally deliverable services in the global trade)
- Author(s):Ewa Mińska-Struzik
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Economic policy, International relations/trade, Economic development, Law on Economics, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Marketing / Advertising, Tourism, Socio-Economic Research, Commercial Law, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:197-206
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:usługi dostarczane cyfrowo;cyfryzacja;globalny handel;handel transgraniczny usługami;eksport;
- Summary/Abstract:The chapter presents the concept, essence and types of digitally deliverable services (DDS), the category extracted from the broader group – digital trade – which, in addition to DDS, includes goods and services ordered electronically but delivered in a traditional manner (cross-border e-commerce) and trade in digital content embodied in a tangible product. As the name suggests, DDS can be delivered electronically (like ICT services, sales and marketing services, financial services, professional services, and education and training services). In the trade of these services, geographical distance and other determinants shaping trade flows in goods and traditional services have become less and less important. Based on the review of reports and data provided by UNCTAD, WTO and OECD, the author uses stylised facts to illustrate the phenomenon and discuss its determinants and consequences across different types of economies. The analysis reveals that at both – the macro- and micro-levels, on the supply and demand side of DDS, a variety of challenges and barriers can be identified. Their multifaceted, careful examination becomes necessary to understand the phenomenon and propose appropriate solutions for both those creating and offering digital services, consumers, and policymakers responsible for regulations leading to the full exploitation of the growth potential of the digital transformation of the service sector.
Reforma systemu celnego Unii Europejskiej
Reforma systemu celnego Unii Europejskiej
(The reform of the EU customs system)
- Author(s):Grzegorz Mazur
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, International relations/trade, Law on Economics, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Commercial Law
- Page Range:207-219
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:unijny kodeks celny;reforma unijnego kodeksu celnego;unijne centrum danych celnych;organ celny Unii Europejskiej;uznany importer;
- Summary/Abstract:In May 2023 the European Commission presented the legislative package of the reforms of the EU customs code. The Commission’s proposal, responding to current challenges in the global trading system, has been the most ambitious reform in the EU customs union’s history since its beginning. The general purpose of the chapter is to identify the main changes to the EU’s customs code resulting from the reforming package. The analysis is based on the texts of legislative proposals prepared by the European Commission that yet must be adopted within the EU’s legislative process. The conducted analysis reveals that the reforming package includes new instruments and solutions that would transform the Union Customs Code to a more digital, integrated and efficient system. The presented proposals include among others the creation of the EU Customs Data Hub and the EU Customs Authority that will create the institutional and operational framework of the renewed EU’s customs system. The proposed legislation provides also for new regulations referring to e-commerce, including the new status of ‘deemed importer’ and modified treatment of goods ordered online from outside the European Union. The UCC reform is also part of a strategic shift within the EU’s Common Commercial Policy towards a more open, sustainable, and assertive trade policy.
Kraje rozwijające się wobec wyzwań globalnych
Kraje rozwijające się wobec wyzwań globalnych
(Developing countries facing global challenges)
- Author(s):Katarzyna A. Nawrot
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental Geography, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Developing nations, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:220-231
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:kraje rozwijające się;globalne zmiany;ubóstwo;głód;wyzwania środowiskowe;bezpieczeństwo globalne;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the chapter is to reflect on global challenges from the perspective of developing countries, what is significant in order to prevent developmental disproportions from deepening. The following global challenges were identified and described: poverty and hunger, developmental inequalities, degradation of the environment and global security. Descriptive and comparative analysis methods were used in order to prepare the chapter, supplemented by presentation of research results, obtained mainly on the basis of selected descriptive statistics methods. The statistical database of the World Bank, United Nations Development Programme, Food and Agriculture Organisation and International Monetary Fund were used. Marginalisation of the developing countries and the challenges they are facing may bring tragic, and what is more global repercussions and, consequently, lead to a new division of the world, escalation of hatred, wars of Western civilisations with the followers of the extreme ideologies, rising inequalities and large uncontrolled migrations, among others. We are witnessing the destruction of ecosystems, global warming, cross continental terrorism, the problems of poverty and hunger – these are just a few of the consequences of ignorance of the problems of developing countries. The interconnections of the modern world economy leave no doubt that actions to solve them should be supported by the global community and their solutions cannot be solved without global involvement.
Fair Trade, czyli Sprawiedliwy Handel – w kierunku zrównoważonej gospodarki rynkowej
Fair Trade, czyli Sprawiedliwy Handel – w kierunku zrównoważonej gospodarki rynkowej
(Fair Trade – towards sustainable market economy)
- Author(s):Magdalena Śliwińska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, International relations/trade, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:232-242
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:sprawiedliwy handel;zrównoważona transformacja;zrównoważony rozwój;odpowiedzialna produkcja;odpowiedzialna konsumpcja;
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this chapter is to explain the role of Fair Trade movement and market in transition towards a sustainable market economy. To achieve this goal, first the idea, definitions and aimsof Fair Trade are analysed. Second, on that basis the role of Fair Trade in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is explored. Third, it is analysed in which way the Fair Trade certification schemes introduce on the market values important for sustainable development. And fourth, is explained how the sustainable business models of Fair Trade enterprises being the members of World Fair Trade Organization may contribute to sustainable transition. It is concluded that Fair Trade initiative plays an important role in transition towards sustainable market economy, introducing such values as responsibility, altruism and solidarity directly into the market in various ways. On the one hand, FairTrade organisations undertake social actions aimed at making the society, i.e. consumers and politicians,aware of global challenges and the possibility of counteracting them both through responsible consumer decisions and the creation of certain top-down regulations conducive to the realization of SDGs. On the other hand, the very existence of this market influences the awareness of all market participants, thanks to advertisements for Fair Trade products, showing what socially responsible production is all about, and what kind of problems are counteracted by sustainable business models like Fair Trade enterprises, or the use of Fair Trade product certifications.
Kompas dla Zmiany Systemowej jako koncepcja wdrożenia Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu w państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
Kompas dla Zmiany Systemowej jako koncepcja wdrożenia Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu w państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
(A System Change Compass as a way to implement the European Green Deal in the EU Member States)
- Author(s):Judyta Cabańska, Dorota Czyżewska-Misztal, Grzegorz Mazur
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental Geography, Economic policy, Economic development, Environmental interactions, Law on Economics, Business Ethics, Globalization, Socio-Economic Research, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics
- Page Range:243-253
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Kompas dla Zmiany Systemowej;zrównoważony rozwój;Europejski Zielony Ład;
- Summary/Abstract:The multi-dimensional European Green Deal strategy implemented in the European Union requires a systemic approach to achieve optimal results. One of the concepts offering a systemic approach to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals is the Compass for Systemic Change, which was developed in cooperation between Systemiq and the Club of Rome and published in 2020. The aim of the chapter is to discuss the concept of the Compass for Systemic Change by presenting its assumptions, the recommendations for actions contained therein and the assessment of the possibility of implementing a systemic perspective into activities undertaken in the European Union. Text analysis is applied in the chapter as a research method. The idea of the System Change Compass is to combine numerous and diverse activities to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, soas to take care of the future of our planet in the best possible way. This will not be possible without increased efforts from all stakeholders, taking into account the complexity of the entire process and the challenges that need to be faced.
Zakończenie
Zakończenie
(Closing)
- Author(s):Judyta Cabańska, Dorota Czyżewska-Misztal, Grzegorz Mazur
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:255-258
- No. of Pages:4
