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ITM 5 - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in present Era - 5th ISSUE Cover Image

ITM 5 - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in present Era - 5th ISSUE
ITM 5 - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in present Era - 5th ISSUE

Contributor(s): Vuk Bevanda (Editor), Snežana Štetić (Editor)
Subject(s): Tourism
ISSN: 2683-5673
Published by: Udruženje ekonomista i menadžera Balkana

Series: MODERN MANAGEMENT & ECONOMY OF TOURISM

  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-80194-42-4
  • Page Count: 658
  • Publication Year: 2020
  • Language: English
EXPLORING INTERNATIONAL DESTINATION GOVERNANCE TYPOLOGY FOR CREATING COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DESTINATIONS

EXPLORING INTERNATIONAL DESTINATION GOVERNANCE TYPOLOGY FOR CREATING COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DESTINATIONS
(EXPLORING INTERNATIONAL DESTINATION GOVERNANCE TYPOLOGY FOR CREATING COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DESTINATIONS)

  • Author(s):Ivan Paunović, Sanja Popović Pantić, Tatjana MAMULA NIKOLIĆ
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:1-14
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Cluster analysis; Tourism sustainability; Tourism competitiveness.
  • Summary/Abstract:Based on the WEF Travel & Tourism Report data, this study deploys k-means cluster analysis to build a global typology of national destination governance. Previous studies have focused on case studies, while this chapter focuses on the classification of different destination types, by deploying indicators a set of following relevant indicators: wastewater treatment, fixed broadband internet subscriptions, ground transport efficiency, quality of roads, quality of railroad infrastructure, reliability of police services, ease of finding skilled employees. The results present a four-cluster solution of national destination governance types, as well as their major characteristics. The chapter then provides and discusses important implications for the theory and practice of destination governance.
EFFICIENCY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: APPLICATION OF DEA AND TOBIT MODEL

EFFICIENCY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: APPLICATION OF DEA AND TOBIT MODEL
(EFFICIENCY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: APPLICATION OF DEA AND TOBIT MODEL)

  • Author(s):Aleksandra Marcikic, Boris Radovanov
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
  • Page Range:15-28
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:DEA; Tobit Model; Tourism efficiency.
  • Summary/Abstract:The main goal of this chapter is to evaluate the relative efficiency of tourism development in 33 European countries using a Two-stage DEA model for the seven-year time period. The output-oriented DEA model with a variable return to scale has been applied, with one input variable (government expenditure for travel and tourism (T&T)) and four output variables (average receipts per arrival, number of international tourist arrivals, T&T share of GDP and T&T share of employment). Results of the first stage showed that the lowest average efficiency scores were achieved in countries that recently joined the European Union, while a significant increase of efficiency is observed in the results of Western Balkan countries. The highest average efficiency score achieved countries in the EU15 group. Results of the second stage indicate the statistically significant relationships of the tourism efficiency scores with average international tourism receipt per arrival, tourism industry share of GDP and share of employment, government prioritization of tourism industry, visa requirements, number of rooms, rate of use and number of natural sites.
THE CHAOTIC GROWTH MODEL: INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

THE CHAOTIC GROWTH MODEL: INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
(THE CHAOTIC GROWTH MODEL: INTERNATIONAL TOURISM)

  • Author(s):Vesna Jablanović
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
  • Page Range:29-38
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Expenditure; Receipts; Tourism; Growth; Stability; Chaos.
  • Summary/Abstract:The basic aims of this paper are: firstly, to create a relatively simple chaotic international tourism expenditure growth model that is capable of generating stable equilibria, cycles, or chaos; and secondly, to set up a relatively simple chaotic international tourism receipts growth model. This paper confirms stable growth of the international tourism receipts and expenditures in high-income countries, low & middle-income countries, lower-middle-income countries, middle-income countries, and upper-middle-income countries in the period 1995-2018.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PANEL EVIDENCE FROM WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PANEL EVIDENCE FROM WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES
(AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PANEL EVIDENCE FROM WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES)

  • Author(s):Vera Mirović, Branimir Kalaš, Nataša Pavlović
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences
  • Page Range:39-52
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Tourism; Economic growth; Panel data estimation; Western Balkan countries.
  • Summary/Abstract:Tourism is one of the most important sectors in the world and it has multiplier effects due to indirect implications to a wide variety of small, service-oriented businesses. This paper aims to determine the effects of the tourism sector on economic growth in terms of tourism share, international tourism receipts and international tourism arrivals. The subject of the chapter is estimating the effects of the tourism sector on economic growth in selected Western Balkan countries such as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia for the period 2007-2018. Results of the fixed effects model show tourism sector has significant and positive impact on economic growth in these countries for the observed period. Empirical findings manifest that governments in Western Balkan countries should focus on a higher share of the tourism sector in their economy in order to provide positive implications to economic development.
THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON GDP GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON GDP GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
(THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON GDP GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES)

  • Author(s):Miloš Pjanić, Mirela Mitrasević
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):National Economy, Tourism
  • Page Range:53-66
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Tourism; Economy; GDP; European Union.
  • Summary/Abstract:Tourism represents one of the most important economic activities for the global economy. Over the last several decades, the tourism industry has been achieving substantial growth and development in the global market, as well as a positive direct and indirect impact on other economic activities. The paper aims to examine the connection between five tourism indicators and the growth of gross domestic product on the example of EU countries in the period from 2001 to 2019. The research included a total of six variables; the gross domestic product being the dependent variable, while the selected five tourism indicators were independent variables. The main aim of the paper is to determine which of the researched tourism indicators have a statistically significant impact on GDP growth. The empirical analysis is based on IBM SPSS linear mixed procedures. The main findings are that business tourism spending (BTS) and domestic tourism spending (DTS) can predict in a statistically significant and positive way the growth of the gross domestic product in European Union countries.
HOUSEHOLD LOGISTICS IN TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN

HOUSEHOLD LOGISTICS IN TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN
(HOUSEHOLD LOGISTICS IN TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN)

  • Author(s):Snežana Tadić, Miloš Veljović
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
  • Page Range:67-80
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Tourism supply chain; Agri-food supply chain; Rural household; Logistics subsystems; Rural tourism; Agritourism.
  • Summary/Abstract:The tourism supply chain (TSC) consists of different participants: suppliers, tour operators and customers; in TSC, numerous physical and information flows to end customers are realized. Efficient realization of flows is enabled by logistics systems and technologies. In this way, logistics contribute to the competitiveness of tourism products. TSC participants can be trade, production, catering, logistics companies, travel agencies, but also households, primarily in rural areas. Households can play a role at all levels of TSC (suppliers of goods, materials and services, tour operators, travel agencies, end customers) and in various forms of tourism, but they play the most important role in rural and agritourism. Logistics is important in the optimization of logistics flows of households in TSC, having in mind imperatives of quality of goods, services, or complete tourism products that they can supply customers with. Therefore, in this paper, the role, significance and basic characteristics of subsystems of household logistics in TSC are analyzed.
IMPACT OF TOURISM ON PORTUGAL’S REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

IMPACT OF TOURISM ON PORTUGAL’S REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
(IMPACT OF TOURISM ON PORTUGAL’S REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT)

  • Author(s):Catia Rasario, Ana Lorga da Silva, António Augusto Costa
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):National Economy, Tourism
  • Page Range:81-96
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Monetary income; Unemployment; National tourism; Foreign tourism; NUTS II.
  • Summary/Abstract:It is widely recognized that tourism is an essential factor in the economic development of the regions. However, the different socio-demographic characteristics of each region can contribute to attracting or not tourists and tourist investment. In this chapter, the regional characteristics that contribute to the attraction of tourism are analyzed and carried out through linear regression models. Likewise, the authors analyze the impact of tourism on the development of regions, in terms of unemployment and wealth creation. The authors also try to understand the degree of dependence of the regions on foreign tourism, given that the tourism sector was severely affected by the beginning of the pandemic. This analysis is made in Portugal, by NUTS II, comparing the different regions of the country.
TOURISM AS A SOURCE OF TAXATION – THE PORTUGUESE CASE

TOURISM AS A SOURCE OF TAXATION – THE PORTUGUESE CASE
(TOURISM AS A SOURCE OF TAXATION – THE PORTUGUESE CASE)

  • Author(s):Carlos Rodrigues, Ana Campina
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Tourism
  • Page Range:97-105
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Tourism; Taxes; Portuguese national budget; VAT; Corporate income tax.
  • Summary/Abstract:This research analyzes the financial contribution generated by the activity of tourism to the general budget of the state of Portugal through the taxes collected on the profits of companies linked to tourism and on VAT that tourists pay in Portugal. We concluded, in the end, that the financial values generated for the state budget are of great importance and have been growing.
ARE THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES WITH TOURISM PRICE INDICES IN THE PURCHASING POWER PARITY ZONE?

ARE THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES WITH TOURISM PRICE INDICES IN THE PURCHASING POWER PARITY ZONE?
(ARE THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES WITH TOURISM PRICE INDICES IN THE PURCHASING POWER PARITY ZONE?)

  • Author(s):Jani Beko, Darja Borišič
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:107-130
  • No. of Pages:24
  • Keywords:Price competitiveness; Tourism sector; Panel unit root tests; Consumer price indices for hotels and restaurants.
  • Summary/Abstract:This chapter provides a detailed analysis of the validity of PPP for a cluster of 15 Mediterranean countries. The research has four original contributions. First, it uses two price indicators: a consumer price index for all items and a consumer price index for hotels and restaurants including catering and accommodation services. Second, it tests the exchange rate theory regarding two numeraire currencies. Third, due to the cyclicality of the tourism sector the study examines the significance of PPP by considering the impact of the Great Recession. Fourth, in order to test the mean reversion hypothesis, it uses a comprehensive set of panel unit root tests. The authors provide ample estimates in favour of PPP proposition. The evidence of mean reversion of real exchange rates is stronger (1) with price indices for hotels and restaurants, (2) in cases when the calculations are performed for EUR rates, and (3) for the post-Great Recession period.
EUROPEAN TRAVEL AND TOURISM ICT READINESS: PCA/SWARA APPROACH

EUROPEAN TRAVEL AND TOURISM ICT READINESS: PCA/SWARA APPROACH
(EUROPEAN TRAVEL AND TOURISM ICT READINESS: PCA/SWARA APPROACH)

  • Author(s):Žarko Rađenović, Ivana Marjanović
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:131-145
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Tourism economics; PCA/SWARA approach; Tourism ICT readiness; Tourism business efficiency using ICT.
  • Summary/Abstract:The development of information and communication technology has led to the transformation of traditional business practices in all sectors of the economy. Information and communication technologies in the field of tourism represent a generator of change and drivers of development, by enabling the creation and retention of a large number of jobs, business opportunities and significant added value. Given the well-recognized value of the information and communication technologies in tourism, this chapter sought to identify the countries with the highest level of travel and tourism ICT readiness. Therefore, a two-step analysis was applied where in the first step the weights were determined using two approaches, PCA and SWARA. In the second step, using multicriteria analysis, the evaluation of ICT readiness of European countries was performed. The results indicate that the application of weight coefficients determined by different approaches in the same multicriteria method leads to moderate rank inversion.
EQUITY MANAGEMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ENTERPRISES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

EQUITY MANAGEMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ENTERPRISES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
(EQUITY MANAGEMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ENTERPRISES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC)

  • Author(s):Katarina Tasaryova, Renata Pakšiova
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
  • Page Range:147-166
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:Share capital; Retained earnings; Profit; Loss.
  • Summary/Abstract:Since its expansion at the beginning of the 20th century, tourism has shown its strength and importance. Tourism is a link between several economic sectors, thanks to its accumulated development potential. One of the main goals of business entities from the financial point of view is to achieve profit. The second is the maximize the value of the company, which can be affected by the achievement of profit. Companies operating in the field of tourism in the Slovak Republic are no exception. The chapter deals with the analysis of their equity, including its individual items with an emphasis on the going concern. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, we identify the relationship between equity and its individual items. The aim of the chapter is, based on indebtedness indicators, specifically total indebtedness and the degree of self-financing to assess the adequacy of own resources needed to finance its activities in this sector in the Slovak Republic, while marginally analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Slovakia.
OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND CITIZEN’S VIEWPOINT OF ECOTOURISM IN AZERBAIJAN: CASE STUDY OF SHAHDAG NATIONAL PARK

OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND CITIZEN’S VIEWPOINT OF ECOTOURISM IN AZERBAIJAN: CASE STUDY OF SHAHDAG NATIONAL PARK
(OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND CITIZEN’S VIEWPOINT OF ECOTOURISM IN AZERBAIJAN: CASE STUDY OF SHAHDAG NATIONAL PARK)

  • Author(s):Ibrahim Asadov, Eva Erdelyi
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:167-183
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:Azerbaijan; Ecotourism; Protected area; Shahdag National Park.
  • Summary/Abstract:Growing dissatisfaction with mass tourism, ecotourism had become a major tool for achieving conservation and sustainable development goals by many developing countries by the mid. 1980s. Today, it is a major source of income for many developing countries across the world with being less destructive in the usage of natural resources than alternative economic sectors such as agriculture and logging. This study is concentrated on investigating and researching ecotourism within the context of national parks, more precisely within Shahdag National Park (SNP) of Azerbaijan. This study aims to find the existing gaps, disadvantages and challenges in the ecotourism system of SNP, identify the opinion and level of education of people of Azerbaijan about ecotourism and sustainability in general. To identify these, data were collected, and both quantitative and qualitative methods were implemented. Primary research included a questionnaire survey and interview. As the main result, it can be concluded that Shahdag National Park of Azerbaijan has immense ecotourism potential but this potential is not utilized to its fullest capacity.
CROATIA AND TURKEY – COMPARISON OF TWO MEDITERRANEAN TOURIST DESTINATIONS

CROATIA AND TURKEY – COMPARISON OF TWO MEDITERRANEAN TOURIST DESTINATIONS
(CROATIA AND TURKEY – COMPARISON OF TWO MEDITERRANEAN TOURIST DESTINATIONS)

  • Author(s):Hilal Numanoglu, Fran Poljak, Gordi Sušić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:185-209
  • No. of Pages:26
  • Keywords:Croatia’s tourism developments; Turkey’s tourism developments; Physical tourist indicators; Financial tourist indicators; Price competitiveness; Tourism development strategy.
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper evaluates tourism sector dynamics and tourism development strategies of two Mediterranean countries, Croatia and Turkey. In order to identify key supply and demand characteristics of this sector various indicators are graphically presented, elaborated and explained, from accommodation facilities available to physical and financial tourism indicators, their contribution to real activity and employment, as well as price competitiveness determinants. The goal of the paper is to outline similarities and differences in tourism sector indicators, as well as the way Turkey and Croatia see their tourism activity (preferably) developing in the future. Paper is of value added to academic scholars, tourist/business specialists, macroeconomic analysts and broad domestic and international readers interested in this field of research.
GASTRONOMY TOURISM AND DESTINATION BRANDING: THE STUDY OF MICHELIN-STARRED RESTAURANTS IN CROATIA

GASTRONOMY TOURISM AND DESTINATION BRANDING: THE STUDY OF MICHELIN-STARRED RESTAURANTS IN CROATIA
(GASTRONOMY TOURISM AND DESTINATION BRANDING: THE STUDY OF MICHELIN-STARRED RESTAURANTS IN CROATIA)

  • Author(s):Matea Hanžek, Gordi Sušić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:211-225
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Gastronomy; Tourism; Destination branding; Food; Luxury gastronomy; Michelin-starred restaurants; Croatia; Gastronomy tourism.
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the role of Michelin-starred restaurants and their chefs as change-makers and advocates of successful gastronomy tourism destination branding in Croatia. In this qualitative research, in-depth surveys were conducted with all of the seven chefs of Michelin-starred restaurants in Croatia. These restaurants are: Draga di Lovrana, Boškinac, Monte, Pelegrini, LD Restaurant and 360° located in Zagreb, Lovran, Novalja, Rovinj, Šibenik, Korčula and Dubrovnik. Results of research uncover whether and which are the significant forms of activities that Croatian Michelin-starred restaurants implement in order to enhance destination attractiveness and by that influence placing Croatia on the world gastronomy map, creating stronger gastronomy destination brands.
ANALYSIS OF HEALTH TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC

ANALYSIS OF HEALTH TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC
(ANALYSIS OF HEALTH TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

  • Author(s):Bela Muhi, Jelena Vemić Đurković
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:227-240
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Tourism; Health tourism; Serbia; Czech Republic.
  • Summary/Abstract:Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic sectors, which is constantly evolving and differentiating. As a result of changing economic conditions and current social trends, the behavior of tourism participants who are looking for a more targeted and diverse offer is changing, which leads to the emergence of new and specific forms of tourism. One of these specific forms of tourism is health tourism. This paper aims to analyze tourism in Serbia and the Czech Republic with a special focus on health tourism. The Czech Republic has become one of the top health tourism destinations in Europe. On the other side in Serbia, health tourism has been in the process of development and internationalization in the past few years. In order to successfully develop health tourism, Serbia should follow the example and learn from developed countries in this field, and that is why this paper will describe good examples from the Czech Republic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL MARKETING FOR WINERIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINE TOURISM: CASE STUDY OF SERBIA

THE IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL MARKETING FOR WINERIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINE TOURISM: CASE STUDY OF SERBIA
(THE IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL MARKETING FOR WINERIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINE TOURISM: CASE STUDY OF SERBIA)

  • Author(s):Tatjana Pivac, Mirjana Maksimović, Ivana Blešić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Agriculture, Tourism
  • Page Range:241-251
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Wineries; Digital marketing; Wine tourism; Serbia.
  • Summary/Abstract:The wineries recognized the increasingly important role of digital marketing as a valuable and appropriate tool to reach consumers. Wineries owners need to learn to use and apply social media in their marketing activities, as well as which activities are most effective for their needs. This paper intends to provide a brief analysis of digital wine marketing and social media marketing contributions for the wineries to increase brand awareness, sales, and development. The purpose of this research is to investigate social media adoption and engagement amongst wineries and more importantly to understand the activities they use to interact with consumers on social media platforms. For the purpose of this paper, a structured questionnaire was created. The authors wanted to examine to what extent the wineries are familiar with digital marketing and how much they use it in their own business. The study included 50 wineries across Serbia. Serbian wineries need to be more competitive on the tourist market and understand better the mode of functioning of different systems. The results show that Facebook and Instagram are the main platforms that wineries use to engage with consumers.
TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DANUBE SHORE (CLISURA DUNĂRII) – POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS

TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DANUBE SHORE (CLISURA DUNĂRII) – POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS
(TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DANUBE SHORE (CLISURA DUNĂRII) – POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS)

  • Author(s):Adiran-Costinel Tanase, Florenta-Diana Tanase, Suzana Demyen
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
  • Page Range:253-270
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:Business; Economic growth; Local development.
  • Summary/Abstract:Tourism is a global industry that brings considerable revenue to all states that know how to manage it. This chapter highlights aspects related to entrepreneurship in tourism along the Danube Shore (Clisura Dunării), a touristic area of extreme natural beauty, along with anthropogenic sights, a zone that can become a development engine for the region, by capitalizing on local resources and engaging related industries. The first part of the work presents the current state of knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship and, in particular, of entrepreneurship in tourism, in order to later describe the Danube Shore and the most representative touristic sites for this area. The chapter also presents aspects related to the analysis of the correlations between the GDP of Caraş-Severin County and the number of overnight stays, as well as the results of a study on the touristic potential of the Danube Shore, a study conducted through a survey based on a questionnaire.
BIRDWATCHING AS A NEW RESOURCE FOR SERBIAN ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

BIRDWATCHING AS A NEW RESOURCE FOR SERBIAN ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
(BIRDWATCHING AS A NEW RESOURCE FOR SERBIAN ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT)

  • Author(s):Mario V. Lukinović, Larisa Jovanović
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
  • Page Range:271-284
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Birdwatching; Birds; Branding; Tourism; Belgrade; Serbia.
  • Summary/Abstract:The topic of this paper is the branding of the tourist offer of birdwatching in Belgrade. Although it brings significant income to the world, birdwatching in Serbia is still not adequately recognized and there is no developed offer of programs for bird watchers. Serbia has no access to the sea and must rely on eco-tourism, primarily spa and rural tourism. Unlike other types of tourism, birdwatching does not require significant investments in infrastructure. It is practiced by nature lovers of all ages and develops in all areas where birds can be observed, from backyards, parks to hard-to-reach and untouched parts of nature. Promoting this type of hobby can have a significant impact on spending more time in nature, as well as raising awareness of the need to preserve nature. The uniqueness of the birdwatching offer on the territory of the city of Belgrade is reflected in the presence of a large number of different habitats in a relatively small area, so it is possible to see almost in one focus and the Whitetailed eagle and the wetland bird.
ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE OF PROTECTED AREAS IN SERBIA, ON THE EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF PA-BAT METHOD AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE OF PROTECTED AREAS IN SERBIA, ON THE EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF PA-BAT METHOD AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
(ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE OF PROTECTED AREAS IN SERBIA, ON THE EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF PA-BAT METHOD AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT)

  • Author(s):Milica Dobričić, Goran Sekulić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:285-300
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Protected Areas Benefit Assessment Tool (PA-BAT); Serbia; Ecosystem services; Tourism.
  • Summary/Abstract:This chapter discusses the importance of evaluating ecosystem services by showcasing the Protected Areas Benefit Assessment Tool (PA-BAT), which has been applied in seven Dinaric Arc countries, and has gathered information on a range of values and benefits that protected areas provide. The PA-BAT results presented here include data for protected areas in Serbia (national parks Tara, Djerdap, Fruška gora and Kopaonik, Landscape of exceptional features of Vlasina and Special Nature Reserve of the Upper Danube) and economic assessment of 22 protected area values with special reference to tourism and recreation. This chapter gives a brief overview of other analyzes and initiatives for assessing the value of ecosystem services related to protected areas in Serbia. This chapter aims to contribute to a better understanding and promotion of the concept of ecosystem services in tourism and other sectors using PA-BAT and other methods of evaluation of protected area services.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST POTENTIAL IN SERBIA IN THE LIGHT OF TOURIST FREQUENCY AND ACCOMMODATION CAPACITIES

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST POTENTIAL IN SERBIA IN THE LIGHT OF TOURIST FREQUENCY AND ACCOMMODATION CAPACITIES
(DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST POTENTIAL IN SERBIA IN THE LIGHT OF TOURIST FREQUENCY AND ACCOMMODATION CAPACITIES)

  • Author(s):Milan Počuča, Jelena Matijašević
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:301-315
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Tourist potential; Arrival of tourists; Overnight stay of tourists; Accommodation capacities; Republic of Serbia.
  • Summary/Abstract:In the last several decades, tourism registers continuous growth on the global level. The subject of analysis of this paper is the ratio of the number of arrivals and overnight stays of tourists in general, as well as the number of arrivals and overnight stays of tourists by regions for the chosen three-year period 2017-2019. Also, this paper establishes and analyses both the total and quantitative indicators of the accommodation capacities by regions, also for the chosen reference three-year period. The last analysis refers to the survey of accommodation capacities by types of tourist resorts and facilities in the year 2019. This paper is methodologically based on the theoretical analysis of the relevant contemporary standpoints in theory, normative analysis of legislative sources and quantitative analysis of statistical indicators in the field of the subject of research. The research is based on official statistical data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The goal of the presented analyses and conclusions regarding the obtained results, and in the light of the frequency of tourist and accommodation capacities, is the emphasis on the importance of the tourist turnover at a certain tourist destination, which is one of the basic components of the development of the tourist potential.
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM: A BENCHMARKING SYSTEM OF THE SLOVENE AND CROATIAN HOTELS

PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM: A BENCHMARKING SYSTEM OF THE SLOVENE AND CROATIAN HOTELS
(PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM: A BENCHMARKING SYSTEM OF THE SLOVENE AND CROATIAN HOTELS)

  • Author(s):Gordana Ivankovič, Mateja Jerman
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
  • Page Range:317-332
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Hotel industry; Performance analysis; Benchmarking analysis; Slovenia; Croatia.
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presents a performance measurement system that was developed with the aim to provide a useful benchmarking tool for Slovene and Croatian hotels. Financial results of Slovene and Croatian hotels show that there is room for improvements. That is why the necessity to develop a performance measurement system emerged. The paper presents the development process of this performance measurement system and the theoretical background of selected measures that are included in the system. This system includes both financial and non-financial indicators of performance. Financial indicators are based on USALI standards for the lodging industry, while non-financial indicators were developed based on a literature review. Non-financial indicators include information about guests, employees, and corporate social responsibility. The presented performance measurement system enables hotels to analyse their financial performance on a daily level, while non-financial indicators can be evaluated on a monthly and annual basis.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES ON EARNINGS QUALITY OF SERBIAN HOTELS

THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES ON EARNINGS QUALITY OF SERBIAN HOTELS
(THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES ON EARNINGS QUALITY OF SERBIAN HOTELS)

  • Author(s):Ivana Bešlić Rupić, Dragana Bešlić Obradović, Bojan Rupić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
  • Page Range:333-345
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Earnings quality; Earnings management; Financial performances; Serbian hotels.
  • Summary/Abstract:This study examines the effect of financial performances on earnings quality using a sample of Serbian hotels during the period 2015-2019. First, the authors build a multidimensional measure of earnings quality including attributes as the hotel’s going concerned, size, current liquidity, age, profitability, and leverage. Second, the authors examine variables that are potentially associated with earnings quality. The methodology includes descriptive statistics, univariate test, correlation matrix for the variables, multivariate regression, F-test. This paper presents managerial implications for professionals, users of financial statements, and academics.
INVESTIGATING INCOME SMOOTHING: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SERBIAN’S HOTEL COMPANIES

INVESTIGATING INCOME SMOOTHING: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SERBIAN’S HOTEL COMPANIES
(INVESTIGATING INCOME SMOOTHING: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SERBIAN’S HOTEL COMPANIES)

  • Author(s):Dragana Bešlić Obradović, Ivana Bešlić Rupić, Bojan Rupić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
  • Page Range:347-360
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Income smoothing; Eckel model; Hotel company; Serbia; Binomial test.
  • Summary/Abstract:The flexibility in accounting standards and principles, lead to incentives for managers to show a good picture of the companies. It is logical and rational for managers to attempt to smooth income by using certain accounting devices to reduce the companies’ income fluctuation over time to improve relations with creditors, investors, and employees. Income smoothing enables companies to stabilize earnings and thereby increase earnings predictability. For detecting income smoothing through examining the financial statements Eckel’s (1981) approach (income variability approach) has been the most popular and most used one. In this research study, we use a selection criterion between smoothers and non-smoothers hotel companies based on the income smoothing. This study aims to classify Serbian hotel companies during the period 2016-2019 as smoothing and non-smoothing hotel companies. The method used to determine the presence or absence of income smoothing and the company value results is based on the coefficient of variation model proposed by Eckel (1981). According to the coefficient of variation method, the more the income smoothing (IS) index tends to zero, the more smoothed out the company’s earnings are. This study examines the presence of artificial income smoothing in 22 Serbian hotel companies. A binomial test is used to test the hypothesis. As a result of research, there are no significant statistical indicators of income smoothing practices in Serbian hotel companies during the period 2016-2019.
CURRENT STATE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TOURISM SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

CURRENT STATE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TOURISM SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
(CURRENT STATE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TOURISM SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA)

  • Author(s):Ivana Marinović Matović, Miloš Pavlović, Đorđe Dabetić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:361-373
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Social entrepreneurship; Tourism sector; SWOT analysis; Republic of Serbia.
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper evaluates the current state and the rise of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Serbia, with an emphasis on the tourism sector. The first section of the paper presents the social entrepreneurship concept, as well as a brief analysis of the relevant economic and legal environment for social entrepreneurship development in the Republic of Serbia. The paper identifies the key factors influencing social entrepreneurship development in the tourism sector of the Republic of Serbia. The main specific objective of this paper is an affirmation of social entrepreneurship in the tourism sector, while at the same time presenting the significant role of the legal and economic framework for the development of social entrepreneurship in the tourism sector of the Republic of Serbia.
OPPORTUNITIES AND DIRECTIONS OF RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

OPPORTUNITIES AND DIRECTIONS OF RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
(OPPORTUNITIES AND DIRECTIONS OF RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA)

  • Author(s):Milan Janković, Larisa Jovanović
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Agriculture, Tourism
  • Page Range:375-391
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:Rural tourism; Rural area; Development potential; Sustainable development; Benefit; Nature protection; Financial support; EU funds; Organic production; Cluster; Diversification; Marketing; Promotion;
  • Summary/Abstract:Rural tourism is a specific form of tourism, in which the main motive is travel to ecologically clean landscapes and the return of man to his historical roots. Rural tourism was created based on preserving the nature of rural areas and cultural and historical identity. Rural tourism is considered a new form of modern tourism together with already developed conventional forms of tourism. Rural tourism can be considered a very important form of sustainable tourism. Modern global trends such as nature protection, health care, especially during a pandemic, staying in nature, as well as preserving and reviving local traditions, customs, cultural and historical events and manifestations have contributed to the development of rural tourism in the world. Rural tourism successfully incorporates all these elements into its offer, which is why more and more tourists travel to rural areas. Interest in rural tourism arises from the desire to escape from urban centers pressed by industrialization and man-made environmental pollution. At present, rural tourism is one of the potentially important segments of the tourist offer on the Serbian market. Rural tourism includes a large number of activities that take place in rural areas. However, its potential is only partially valorized through rural tourism operators located in the central and northern regions of Serbia, as well as Vojvodina. Given that financial problems are often an obstacle in the realization of most ideas, financial support is a necessary lever for the development of rural tourism and rural regions in general. EU funds can be a chance to achieve financial support for the improvement of development potentials, better promotion, networking of tour operators and the implementation of tourism projects.
RURAL TOURISM IN SERBIA IN THE AGE OF THE CORONAVIRUS EPIDEMIC

RURAL TOURISM IN SERBIA IN THE AGE OF THE CORONAVIRUS EPIDEMIC
(RURAL TOURISM IN SERBIA IN THE AGE OF THE CORONAVIRUS EPIDEMIC)

  • Author(s):Pavle Radanov, Ivana Lešević
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Agriculture, Tourism
  • Page Range:393-408
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Serbia; Travel; Accommodation; Local authorities; Tourist organizations.
  • Summary/Abstract:The coronavirus pandemic has caused a change of tourist habits, including turning more to domestic destinations. Serbian travel culture is specific, because most travelers choose sea destinations, given that Serbia is a continental country. Considering the number of natural resources along with accommodation capacities, it is necessary to work more on the promotion of rural tourism, in order to change the awareness and habits of travelers. The research conducted for this purpose addressed the travel habits of domestic tourists in their own country and showed that there are great opportunities in this regard to increase the number of guests in rural tourism, which will become permanent and use other benefits a rural household can provide. It also represents the opportunity to revitalize abandoned and devastated areas and affects the economic well-being of the whole region and even the whole country.
MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN COVID 19 – IT PERSPECTIVES, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN COVID 19 – IT PERSPECTIVES, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
(MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN COVID 19 – IT PERSPECTIVES, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS)

  • Author(s):Žaklina Spalević, Miloš Ilić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
  • Page Range:409-424
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Covid-19; GDPR; IT solution; Deficit; Restriction of movement.
  • Summary/Abstract:During 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic left its mark on almost every sphere of the economy. Travel bans, bans on entry and exit and the countries in which people live, mandatory quarantine after entering another country, fear of mutual contacts and locking of large European and world cities have affected tourism to feel the effects of the pandemic. In order to reduce the movement of the population infected with this virus, it was not uncommon for the personal data of those infected to be published. This paper aims to analyze the legal and economic aspects of the protection of personal data of tourists during the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper also proposes a software solution that would enable better control and registration of infected persons, all with the aim of preventing the spread of the virus by travel.
PERFORMANCE CHANGES OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN THE CRISES

PERFORMANCE CHANGES OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN THE CRISES
(PERFORMANCE CHANGES OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN THE CRISES)

  • Author(s):Grozdana Marinković, Slavica Stevanović
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Tourism
  • Page Range:425-439
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Tourism sector; Crisis; COVID-19; Global level; Serbia; Supporting measures.
  • Summary/Abstract:Tourism represents a driver of economic growth and job creation all around the world. It has become one of the key factors of progress, not only of the individual destinations and regions but also the world economy. The paper aims to analyze the effects of different types of the crisis on the volume of tourism activities, tourism turnover, and revenues in the tourism sector. Despite occasional crisis situations and shocks, tourism has seen continued expansion and has shown great resilience. Having in mind that the COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact across world regions, as well as tourism is one the hardest-hit sectors, a special part of the paper analyzes the impact of the health crisis in Serbia and the global level. The intensive and deep impact of the pandemic on the tourism sector requires strong support at the national and global levels through the relevant institutions.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
(THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY)

  • Author(s):Branka Drašković, Marija Džunić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:441-455
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Human resources; Crisis management; Leadership; Crisis management tools; Tourism and hospitality.
  • Summary/Abstract:The objective of this paper is to foreground the connection between human resources and crisis management in the tourism and hospitality industry, particularly in the implementation of various management tools for successful crisis strategy. One of the most significant sources of competitive advantage in organizations is allocated in human resources, their knowledge and skills, and the way they are used. Modern business conditions have created a dynamic environment that imposes the need to accept the changes flexibly. Whether it is a matter of sudden or gradual changes, as well as whether they are of a positive or negative character, each of them has implications that can result in a crisis. Therefore, the need to understand the crisis and the role of crisis management in the process of crisis prevention, management and overcoming, becomes a necessary element of any business system. Tourism represents one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world, but since it is vulnerable to various risks and crisis, developing an effective crisis management response, consisting of highly skilled people and the use of adequate crisis management tools, can significantly lower the negative impacts on this industry.
PECULIARITIES OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS - RESEARCH RESULTS

PECULIARITIES OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS - RESEARCH RESULTS
(PECULIARITIES OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS - RESEARCH RESULTS)

  • Author(s):Tijana Savić Tot, Vilmoš Tot, Marija Runić Ristić, Maja Aleksić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:457-484
  • No. of Pages:28
  • Keywords:Human Resources Management Process; Service organizations; Rasina district.
  • Summary/Abstract:Service organizations have, over the years, been constantly faced with increasing customer demand, growing competition, digitalization, and numerous changes in the business environment to which they must adapt in order to survive in the marketplace. As the main specificity of service organizations is reflected in the “intangibility” of their services, for customers who are participants in the service process and for employees who directly depend on the quality of service, service process and customer satisfaction, defining appropriate activities of Human Resources Management process, which manages employees, undoubtedly represents a priority that provides a competitive advantage. This paper will present the results of the research on the characteristics of eight selected sub-processes in the process of Human Resource Management in service versus production organizations of Rasina district, in order to define their specifics and point out their advantages and disadvantages.
TOURISM PROVIDERS, ACHIEVEMENT, CULTURE AND JOB SATISFACTION IN SERBIA

TOURISM PROVIDERS, ACHIEVEMENT, CULTURE AND JOB SATISFACTION IN SERBIA
(TOURISM PROVIDERS, ACHIEVEMENT, CULTURE AND JOB SATISFACTION IN SERBIA)

  • Author(s):Jelena Vukonjanski Srdić, Bojana Ostojić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:485-505
  • No. of Pages:22
  • Keywords:National culture; Job satisfaction; Need for achievement; Gender; Tourism providers; Serbia.
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to investigate the relationships between GLOBE national culture dimensions, the facets of job satisfaction and the need for achievement relation in Serbian tourism providers. The sample consists of 120 managers in the Serbian service sector/tourism providers in Serbia (transportation, utility companies, telecommunications, and banks). The results obtained proved that national culture dimensions are significant predictors of all facets of job satisfaction and that the relations between some organizational culture dimensions and the facets of job satisfaction are moderated by the need for achievement variable. Our results may be of interest to human resources managers in the Serbian tourism service providers.
ARE SOCIAL NETWORK WEBSITES EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION IN TOURISM SECTOR? AN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY

ARE SOCIAL NETWORK WEBSITES EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION IN TOURISM SECTOR? AN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY
(ARE SOCIAL NETWORK WEBSITES EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION IN TOURISM SECTOR? AN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY)

  • Author(s):Umut Denizli
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:507-524
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:LinkedIn; Facebook; Digital human resources management.
  • Summary/Abstract:This chapter is aimed at obtaining empirical data with regard to the research question, how both recruiters and job seekers take advantage of the integration of social network websites and recruitment & selection processes. Two major social network websites, LinkedIn and Facebook, have been examined due to the fact that they are mostly being used by human resources professionals and job seekers. Qualitative content analyses have been carried out by collecting data via in-depth and focus group interviews with recruiters of a holding that also operates in the tourism sector and with job seekers looking for a job in this sector. It has been observed that the purpose of job seekers’ usage of social network websites is to build networks, connections and reach new job opportunities. Likewise, businesses also aim to reach and attract candidates and communicate at the beginning of the recruitment process.
EFFECTS OF LEADERS-FOLLOWERS EXCHANGE (LMX) ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENT IN HOSPITALITY AND PUBLIC SERVICES

EFFECTS OF LEADERS-FOLLOWERS EXCHANGE (LMX) ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENT IN HOSPITALITY AND PUBLIC SERVICES
(EFFECTS OF LEADERS-FOLLOWERS EXCHANGE (LMX) ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENT IN HOSPITALITY AND PUBLIC SERVICES)

  • Author(s):Tatjana Vanić, Igor Stamenković, Tamara Gajić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:525-537
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:LMX; Organizational commitment; Turnover intent; Hospitality sector; Public sector.
  • Summary/Abstract:Based on the specifics of the selected service sectors - hospitality and public, it is clear that the role of leaders significantly varies. Antecedents for achieving organizational and individual goals include a quality relationship between leaders and followers (supervisors and subordinates), making it possible for an organization to be functional and successful and employees satisfied at work. Although the concept of leadership is as old as human civilization, numerous multi-annual researches and thousands of studies have not yielded with a clear idea of what the leadership is and how best the organizational and individual goals could be achieved. This paper focuses on the effects of the quality of leaders - followers exchange to organizational commitment and turnover intent (intention to leave).
AN INDEX FOR MEASURING HORIZONTAL DIFFERENTIATION IN HOSPITALITY

AN INDEX FOR MEASURING HORIZONTAL DIFFERENTIATION IN HOSPITALITY
(AN INDEX FOR MEASURING HORIZONTAL DIFFERENTIATION IN HOSPITALITY)

  • Author(s):Maria D. Illescas Manzano, Manuel Sanchez Perez, Sergio Martinez Puertas
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:539-553
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Hospitality; Hotels; Horizontal differentiation; Differentiation index.
  • Summary/Abstract:Amid a continuous and evolving offer of new services, the hospitality industry is immersed in a highly competitive changing environment, being differentiation an essential strategy to survive and gain a competitive advantage. As a consequence, a differentiation strategy is continuously being defined and adapted. Beyond the vertical differentiation, focused on objective quality signals, horizontal differentiation offers more chance and alternatives to hoteliers for using own resources and capabilities to gain a competitive advantage. In particular, product analysis and competition evaluation are a must-be to offer a value proposition co-created with the customer. Considering the great range of services, and the need to compute all properly and understandably, this work aims to design and index that can integrate all services of a hotel and allow comparison to evaluate the level of differentiation.
ONLINE PLATFORMS AS MODERN TOOLS IN TOURISM IN EXTRAORDINARY TIMES: CASE FOR FURTHER DIGITALIZATION IN WESTERN BALKANS

ONLINE PLATFORMS AS MODERN TOOLS IN TOURISM IN EXTRAORDINARY TIMES: CASE FOR FURTHER DIGITALIZATION IN WESTERN BALKANS
(ONLINE PLATFORMS AS MODERN TOOLS IN TOURISM IN EXTRAORDINARY TIMES: CASE FOR FURTHER DIGITALIZATION IN WESTERN BALKANS)

  • Author(s):Vesna Luković
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Tourism, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:555-568
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Digitalization; Tourism; Economics; Digital single market; Western Balkans, Management tools.
  • Summary/Abstract:Extraordinary times require an extraordinary response, especially when economic growth is at stake. Tourism contributes to economic growth in Western Balkans and has been robust in recent years. That was supported by new business models which make it possible for households to participate in the digital economy, including online platforms for travel accommodation. Internet connectivity and digital skills are crucial in that respect. This paper looks at the convergence of the Western Balkan candidate countries to the European Union (EU) in terms of connectivity and the digital skills needed. Analysis of data derived from questionnaires and other sources at the Eurostat show that candidate countries participate in the collaborative economy less and are below EU average in terms of digitalization. Investments supported by EU commitment to the region could improve internet connectivity and digital skills in the Western Balkans. That would benefit their economies which is especially relevant now considering the Covid-19 outbreak in the first quarter of 2020 and its disruption to achieving many goals. The argument for further digitalization is even more important.
MOBILE APPS AS A TOOL FOR DESTINATION MANAGEMENT – CASE STUDY OF BELGRADE

MOBILE APPS AS A TOOL FOR DESTINATION MANAGEMENT – CASE STUDY OF BELGRADE
(MOBILE APPS AS A TOOL FOR DESTINATION MANAGEMENT – CASE STUDY OF BELGRADE)

  • Author(s):Snežana Štetić, Dario Šimičević, Jelena Aksentijević,, Igor Tršić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:569-584
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Information and communication technology; Tourists’ satisfaction; Smart destination.
  • Summary/Abstract:Mobile applications, as a very dynamic segment of modern ICT (Information and Communication Technology), are in widespread use in tourism. Tourist destinations are increasingly using mobile applications to manage the development of a destination product, that is, the applications themselves are seen as an important part of the destination product and the overall tourists’ experience. This paper focuses on mobile applications and their use in destination management and the achievement of overall tourist satisfaction. Special attention is paid to the use of mobile applications in the management of tourism development in Belgrade as well as the impact of mobile applications on tourists’ experience of Belgrade as a tourist destination.
THE USE OF GEOLOCATION FOR COMPETITION ANALYSIS OF DESTINATIONS: APPLICATION TO THE HOTEL SUPPLY IN BARCELONA

THE USE OF GEOLOCATION FOR COMPETITION ANALYSIS OF DESTINATIONS: APPLICATION TO THE HOTEL SUPPLY IN BARCELONA
(THE USE OF GEOLOCATION FOR COMPETITION ANALYSIS OF DESTINATIONS: APPLICATION TO THE HOTEL SUPPLY IN BARCELONA)

  • Author(s):Maria D. Illescas Manzano, Sergio Martinez Puertas, Manuel Sanchez Perez
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:585-599
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Tourist destination; Geolocation; Geographic Information Systems; Competition; Location.
  • Summary/Abstract:Geolocalization and the use of geographic information systems (GIS) have become fundamental tools in many disciplines because they can link databases and view the geographic information provided by these databases. Within the hotel context, geolocation and GIS can be used as tools that from a management perspective facilitate the evaluation of the competitive level existing in a tourist destination and from a consumer point of view facilitate their choice. This chapter tries to show the usefulness of geolocation through its application in the evaluation of the hotel supply in Barcelona (Spain).
FUZZY LOGIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM ANALYSIS

FUZZY LOGIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM ANALYSIS
(FUZZY LOGIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM ANALYSIS)

  • Author(s):Simona Hašková, Jakub Horák
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:601-617
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:Decision making; Artificial neural networks; Six sigma; Forecasting; Fuzzy approach.
  • Summary/Abstract:Qualitative and quantitative approaches to multicriteria evaluation and managerial decision-making often ignore the specifics of the role of the human factor. This article summarizes management methods that reflect not only numerical inputs but also data of a qualitative nature while considering their applicability in the tourism sector. Some of them can be assorted within the classes of Artificial intelligence. The focus is on the fuzzy approach at the theoretical and application level. The fuzzy approach is used to evaluate the degree of country travel and tourism competitiveness of selected European and Asian countries based on subjective rankings from the viewpoint of travelling persons. The results indicate that among countries under review, China is ranked as a highly competitive country in travel & tourism. Conditional competitive countries in terms of travel & tourism are the Czech Republic, Pakistan, Russia, and Turkey.
EFFECTIVE ACADEMIC ENGLISH COURSES IN TOURISM: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH AS A TOOL FOR SUCCESS

EFFECTIVE ACADEMIC ENGLISH COURSES IN TOURISM: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH AS A TOOL FOR SUCCESS
(EFFECTIVE ACADEMIC ENGLISH COURSES IN TOURISM: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH AS A TOOL FOR SUCCESS)

  • Author(s):Albena Stefanova, Georgi Zabunov
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:619-635
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:English for Specific Purposes (ESP); Student engagement; Systemic-Structural Activity Theory (SSAT); Consumer engagement.
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this chapter is to present an interdisciplinary approach to developing effective academic English courses in tourism. The authors propose to use the synergy of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) theory, Systemic-Structural Activity Theory (SSAT) and selected marketing techniques. Based on an analysis of the specialised literature, it is stated that the engagement of learners is a key factor for effective language learning. The possibilities for using adapted marketing techniques to increase engagement by increasing involvement are discussed in the chapter. The authors propose approaches for defining the target vocabulary and for increasing the motivation for learning based on the theory of ESP and SSAT.
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