ITM 6- Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in present Era - 6th ISSUE
ITM 6- Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in present Era - 6th ISSUE
Contributor(s): Vuk Bevanda (Editor), Snežana Štetić (Editor)
Subject(s): Tourism
ISSN: 2683-5673
Published by: Udruženje ekonomista i menadžera Balkana
Series: MODERN MANAGEMENT & ECONOMY OF TOURISM
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-80194-49-3
- Page Count: 0
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: English
Fueling Novel and Sustainable Tourism Ecosystems through Resource Orchestration
Fueling Novel and Sustainable Tourism Ecosystems through Resource Orchestration
(Fueling Novel and Sustainable Tourism Ecosystems through Resource Orchestration)
- Author(s):Angela Carida, Maria Colurcio
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
- Page Range:1-20
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Service Ecosystem Emergence; Tourism industry; Italian Village Project; Resource orchestration; Resource Integration; Value creation; Hospitality sector
- Summary/Abstract:This study aims to extend the conceptualization of resource integration in service ecosystems by defining and empirically analyzing the orchestration of multi-actor collaboration for value co-creation in the tourism eco-system. Current knowledge on the emergence of service ecosystems is extended by focusing on and conceptualizing the resource integration efforts of resource orchestrators and connectors. It adopts a qualitative in-depth case study approach to explore, in a real-life situation, how resource orchestration through multi-actor collaboration for value co-creation occurs in complex service ecosystems, such as hospitality or tourism services. The analysis is built on multiple sources of information to integrate investigations conducted through direct observation and questioning. A new approach is synthesized, which shifts away from the understanding of resource orchestration as a firm-level activity for initiating and managing innovation processes to a key process for driving and managing the emergence of multidimensional and multilevel value co-creation structures.
Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of International Tourism Development on the Economic Growth of Mediterranean Countries
Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of International Tourism Development on the Economic Growth of Mediterranean Countries
(Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of International Tourism Development on the Economic Growth of Mediterranean Countries)
- Author(s):Mirela Mitrasević, Miloš Pjanić, Darko Marjanović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:21-33
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:GDP per capita growth; International tourism receipts; Panel autoregressive distributed lag model; Pooled mean group estimator
- Summary/Abstract:The research presented in this paper aims to examine the short-term and long-term effects of international tourism on the economic growth of 17 Mediterranean countries in the period 2000 to 2019. The impact of tourism is not analysed separately. Actually, the indicators of the countries’ labour potential, annual investments, openness to total foreign trade and inflation are also included in the analysis. A panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) evaluation model along with pooled mean group (PMG) estimator was used which proved to be appropriate, based on the characteristics of the panel data series. Our research has shown that the share of international tourism receipts in total exports of a country does not have a statistically significant positive short-term effect on GDP per capita growth, but that it has a statistically significant positive effect in the first lag and a positive long-term effect. Therefore, the hypothesis stating that international tourism receipts have statistically significant short-term and long-term effects on economic growth can be rejected. Our research has shown that economic growth, as a dependent variable, returns to a long-term equilibrium after changing a selected set of independent variables in just over a year. It is vital to note that the size of long-term coefficients obtained by applying the selected model indicates that economic growth is more sensitive to the changes in the share of international tourism in total exports compared to other selected independent variables.
Is the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Višegrad Group Countries?
Is the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Višegrad Group Countries?
(Is the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Višegrad Group Countries?)
- Author(s):Vera Mirović, Branimir Kalaš, Nataša Pavlović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:35-49
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Tourism; Economic growth; Panel data estimation; Višegrad group
- Summary/Abstract:The tourism sector represents one of the most essential segments of the world economy. This paper aims to identify the effects of tourism indicators on economic growth in terms of tourism share, international tourism arrivals and tourism employment. The subject of the paper is evaluating the impact of the tourism sector on economic growth in selected Višegrad group countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) for the period 2008-2018. The empirical findings show that the tourism sector has a significant and positive effect on economic growth in these countries for the observed period. The results of the panel fixed effects model reflect that governments in Višegrad group countries should increase the tourism sector share in their economies in order to enable positive and lucrative implications for economic development.
Analysis of Tourism Demand in Selected WB Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Analysis of Tourism Demand in Selected WB Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Analysis of Tourism Demand in Selected WB Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic)
- Author(s):Milena Lazić, Aleksandra Bradić Martinović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:51-72
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Tourism; COVID-19; WB Countries; Demand
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of this chapter is tourism demand-side investigation in the following Western Balkans (WB) countries - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia during the period 2019 M1 – 2021 M6. The chapter addresses the changing structure of tourism demand with the increased share of domestic visitors in all observed WB economies. Furthermore, the ongoing health crisis has emphasized the fundamental problems of tourism sectors in observed WB economies: very high seasonality and insufficient attractiveness of certain types of destinations. Improving the attractiveness of destinations (especially cities) for domestic guests through the development of modern tourism products, implementation of advanced ICT solutions, and customized marketing and promotional activities has the potential to improve the structure of guests and consequently mitigate the sector’s resistance to similar shocks in the future.
Impact of Terrorism on Tourism Demand in the EU and the Mediterranean
Impact of Terrorism on Tourism Demand in the EU and the Mediterranean
(Impact of Terrorism on Tourism Demand in the EU and the Mediterranean)
- Author(s):Jaro Berce, Darko Lacmanović, Andrej Raspor
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Security and defense, Tourism
- Page Range:73-92
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Tourism; Terrorism; Tourist destination; EU; Mediterranean
- Summary/Abstract:The impact of terrorism on tourism causes the specific context in which tourism trips are realised. The relationship between terrorism and tourism was researched many decades ago. There are many open questions regarding the stated impact. The main goal of this paper is to find out some important facts considering the impact of terrorism regarding global and regional tourist demand. The article emphasises that security is an important factor for stable tourism growth. Security is certainly one of the most important factors for a tourist when deciding for a destination. However, this is all more important in the countries where the political and economic situation is not stable. There are still doubts what is the reason for a greater negative effect on tourism in the countries that are not considered western. Is it only about perception and media coverage or are non-western countries negating the effects with better responses and PR activities? Using methodology applied in this research, country statistical offices can estimate when tourism will return to its pre-terrorist period.
Application of the Concept of Target Costing in Hospitality
Application of the Concept of Target Costing in Hospitality
(Application of the Concept of Target Costing in Hospitality)
- Author(s):Bojana Noviićević Čečević,, Ljilja Antić, Jovana Milenović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:93-107
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Target cost; Cost price; Service sector; Hospitality
- Summary/Abstract:In recent decades, the service sector has become a fast-growing world economic activity, and hospitality organizations are a key element of the service sector. Providing high-quality services in this sector at lower prices than the competition is an important factor and the basic goal of companies’ business success. In order for hospitality organizations to achieve this goal, it is necessary to find an adequate way to calculate costs and determine the cost price of services provided. The application of modern costing methods enables hospitality organizations to increase profits, increase labor productivity, shorten service delivery time and reduce costs. One of the concepts of cost management in a given business environment is target costing. The concept is focused on reducing costs, primarily in the product design phase to the target amount. The paper analyzes the possibility of applying the modern concept - target costing in a hospitality company.
Purchasing Power Parity under Tourism Price Indices: An Analysis for Euro Area
Purchasing Power Parity under Tourism Price Indices: An Analysis for Euro Area
(Purchasing Power Parity under Tourism Price Indices: An Analysis for Euro Area)
- Author(s):Jani Beko, Darja Boršič
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:109-131
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Panel unit root tests; Tourism sector; Consumer price indices for catering; Consumer price indices for accommodation
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter examines the relevance of PPP for a panel of 19 Eurozone economies. The research produces four novelties. First, instead of employing general price indices as a standard proxy for price variables in the PPP model, it uses two disaggregated tourism price indicators: consumer price indices for catering services and consumer price indices for accommodation services. Second, it scrutinizes the PPP thesis with respect to the euro and the US dollar. Third, in order to check the stationary properties of real exchange rates, the study adopts a battery of panel unit root tests. Fourth, the mean reversion process in real exchange rates is tested on a new data set covering the period from January 2001 to September 2021. The empirical results are strongly within the spirit of PPP; they are robust to the selection of time intervals, applied unit root tests, chosen base currencies and tourism price indices.
Estimating the Output Response to Tourism Spending in the Mediterranean Countries
Estimating the Output Response to Tourism Spending in the Mediterranean Countries
(Estimating the Output Response to Tourism Spending in the Mediterranean Countries)
- Author(s):Marko Senekovič, Jani Beko
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:133-153
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Tourism Spending Multiplier; Economic activity; Vector Autoregression Model; Determinants
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this chapter is, first, to assess the impact of changes in tourism spending on economic activity in 16 Mediterranean countries and, second, to examine whether country-specific characteristics affect the size of tourism spending multipliers. Based on aggregate SVAR model estimates, the authors confirmed a statistically significant response of output to the shock in tourism spending in 88% of the analyzed cases at least over the part of the forecast horizon. In 56% of the examined cases, the value of the respective multiplier is above two. The existence of the multiplier mechanism is documented in 13 economies for domestic and foreign tourism spending within a particular forecast horizon. Tourism spending generates stronger GDP growth in countries that record a higher standard of living, have a better state of road and railroad transport infrastructure, and, to some extent, display higher consumer price levels of hotels and restaurants.
Comparative Market Price Analysis of Dental Services in the Framework of Health Tourism by Applying the Due Diligence Model
Comparative Market Price Analysis of Dental Services in the Framework of Health Tourism by Applying the Due Diligence Model
(Comparative Market Price Analysis of Dental Services in the Framework of Health Tourism by Applying the Due Diligence Model)
- Author(s):Jova Miloradić, Pavle Parnicki, Diona Đurđević
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:155-170
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Health tourism; Dental services; Due diligence; Comparative price analysis; Statement of financial position – balance sheet
- Summary/Abstract:During current attempts of human survival for which, highly symptomatic propulsive professional, scientific and technological activity, relating to the rate of humans worn out in the light of their physical vs spiritual vs intellectual qualities, becomes even more significant, i.e. increases the multiplication coefficient as well as acceleration one. It is reasonable to conclude that in given circumstances of accelerated economic progress worldwide, simultaneously implying a geometric leap in the wear and tear of humanity, there is a convincing demand for establishing continuity of the revitalization process of psycho - physical - intellectual forces per capita. A crucial reason, which speaks in favor of the given claim is exclusive of a philanthropic nature, that is, it is a result of emotional activity as the need to exercise social responsibility. Human activities, among other things, are infrastructural assumptions created in parallel for the use of medical and health tourism services. Abstracting property form of ownership (state and/or private) regarding built accommodation facilities under medical and health tourism, we respect primarily as the need, and also the right of the human part of the capital, precisely, for the optimal renewal of spent components. After all, every form of human activity is immanent to the function of civilization achievement, that is, the natural need to live as humanely as possible. In the given sense, the built accommodation capacities of both medical and overall health tourism, indisputably, open their doors to people, that is to say, to their growing needs for optimal renewal of their spent physical, spiritual and intellectual strengths.
The Sustainability Management in the Cruise Tourism – An Application
The Sustainability Management in the Cruise Tourism – An Application
(The Sustainability Management in the Cruise Tourism – An Application)
- Author(s):Tiziana Crovella, Annarita Paiano, Miraj Ahmed Bhuiyan, Giovanni Lagioia
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:171-187
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Sustainability; Cruise shipping industry; Eco-friendly behavior
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter aims to present the sustainability management in the cruise industry, a constantly growing sector, except in 2020 and 2021, which were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. After a literature review that highlighted a limited research interest in these topics, the authors presented the results of a structured analysis conducted in several steps. Firstly, this study focused on the evolution of the cruise sector in terms of the growth of passengers in the last twenty years. Secondly, the authors analyzed the environmental policies adopted by cruise shipping companies and finally, they presented the results of the evaluation of the eco-friendly behavior of cruise passengers.
Tourism in Slovakia in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic – Communication of the Municipalities with Tourists
Tourism in Slovakia in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic – Communication of the Municipalities with Tourists
(Tourism in Slovakia in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic – Communication of the Municipalities with Tourists)
- Author(s):Denisa Jánošová, Renáta Sádecká, Lenka Labudová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:189-203
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Marketing communication; Tourism; Pandemic; Cities; Municipalities; Slovakia
- Summary/Abstract:In this chapter, we deal with the importance of marketing communication in tourism, especially when it comes to the COVID-19 pandemic and the recovery of Slovak municipalities after it. According to revised OECD estimates, the decline in international tourism will be in the range of 60% to 80%. This chapter aims to deal with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism, while we also present the results of our research, which deals with marketing communication in Slovakian regions. We use the comparison on the occasion of comparing the number of visitors in Slovakia and the number of overnight stays in January, February and march in the 2017 – 2021 years. We also present results from the correlation, which evaluate the relationship between chosen variables.
Tourism Sector in the Crisis: An Evidence of Slovak Travel Agency Satur and Tourism Industry Practitioners from New York
Tourism Sector in the Crisis: An Evidence of Slovak Travel Agency Satur and Tourism Industry Practitioners from New York
(Tourism Sector in the Crisis: An Evidence of Slovak Travel Agency Satur and Tourism Industry Practitioners from New York)
- Author(s):Yuanxin Li, Darina Saxunová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:205-220
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Tourism business; COVID-19; Slovakia; Revenue decline; Tourism recovery; Flexible measurements against crisis; Satur; New York
- Summary/Abstract:The tourism industry together with related industries have been attracting researchers’ focus since the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis due to the immense pandemic impact on this sector. The objective of this chapter is to analyze the overall influence of the pandemic and post-pandemic period on the global tourism sector and the related industries in Slovakia. The authors have selected the example of a Slovak travel agency and investigated its financial performance during the time of the Covid-19 crisis, which experiences an extreme decline in total revenues. Besides, the authors consider an empirical example from a tourism practitioner in New York, who behaves actively and experiences a successful exchange against the shock of the crisis. The favorable news of recovery slowly appearing was the inspiration for the scientific paper which in the end makes suggestions and formulates potential expectations of the future sustainable development of the tourism industry.
Efficiency Evaluation in the Tourism Sector in Croatia and Serbia: Applications of Data Envelopment Analysis
Efficiency Evaluation in the Tourism Sector in Croatia and Serbia: Applications of Data Envelopment Analysis
(Efficiency Evaluation in the Tourism Sector in Croatia and Serbia: Applications of Data Envelopment Analysis)
- Author(s):Katarina Fotova Čiković, Joško Lozić, Marin Milković
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
- Page Range:221-235
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Tourism efficiency; DEA; Data Envelopment Analysis; Croatia; Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:Tourism is one of the most contributing economic sectors globally and is especially important for developing economies, due to its contribution to GDP, creation of new jobs and its impact on economic development. The tourism sector has gained a lot of attention from academia and governments due to its strategic position in the economy. Its efficiency and performance are closely researched and analysed. One of the leading nonparametric methodologies that have been often used to evaluate relative efficiency of homogeneous entities is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The main goal of this chapter is to identify, present and explore the applications of DEA in different aspects of Croatian and Serbian tourism. Other goals are to present and analyse the findings of the twelve surveyed papers and to highlight the benefits and limitations of the DEA methodology. Additionally, this research represents an incentive and an inspiration to other academic members and researchers to apply the DEA methodology in their future studies when analysing and investigating efficiency in the tourism sector, as well as any other economic sector.
Tourism Development Perspectives of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Possibilities and Limitations
Tourism Development Perspectives of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Possibilities and Limitations
(Tourism Development Perspectives of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Possibilities and Limitations)
- Author(s):Jamila Jaganjac, Merima Aljić, Zoran Jasak
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:237-251
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Tourism drivers; Institutional framework; Promotion
- Summary/Abstract:Tourism plays an important role and contributes to the overall economic growth and development of the country. As a dynamic industry, tourism contributes to the strengthening of many activities, such as transportation, services, and trade. Statistical data on tourist traffic in Bosnia and Herzegovina were constantly increasing until the outbreak of COVID-19. Intact natural, cultural and historical treasures, multicultural tradition and customs are attractive factors that draw tourists to visit Bosnia and Herzegovina. Other factors affect the development of tourism. This paper analyzes the natural, cultural and historical resources, legislation and organization of institutions as fundamental settings of tourism development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through primary research, the paper identifies possibilities and limitations for the faster development of tourism. The test methods used are the chi-square test and Cronbach’s alpha.
Historical and Cultural Potentials in the Area of Durres in the Function of Its Sustainable Development
Historical and Cultural Potentials in the Area of Durres in the Function of Its Sustainable Development
(Historical and Cultural Potentials in the Area of Durres in the Function of Its Sustainable Development)
- Author(s):Manjola Xhaferri, Mirela Tase
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:253-272
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Historical tourism; Cultural tourism; Sustainable development; Archaeological sites
- Summary/Abstract:Today, in general, all over the world, there is more and more talk about the economic growth of developed and developing countries. One of the successful branches that have contributed to the economic growth of these countries is tourism. Albania is a country with an ancient history reflected in its rich cultural heritage with national and international values. To date, the preservation of its values has been associated with the preservation of national identity, pride, and wealth, while the integration into regional development policies is seen as a good opportunity not only for the preservation of cultural heritage but also for its real contribution to the sustainable economic and social development of the country. Based on the historical and ethnocultural study of Albania in general, and the city of Durres in particular, there is a need for a scientific study oriented to this economic, historical, and cultural attraction, useful and profitable for the regional economy in particular and with a direct impact on the Albanian economy in general. This study highlights the instruments and the way of studying the tourist areas to turn them into important economic centers for the region itself and the national economy. The problem can be posed in this way: Today in Albania there is a need for serious studies on sustainable development, especially in the field of tourism, studies which have not been lacking, but which should be specifically oriented towards a more concise than generalized form, studies that focus on medium or long-term solutions for the development of tourism, mainly historical and cultural, as an important direction for the economic and social development of the country. There are natural resources, human resources, capital, and entrepreneurship initiatives that need to be recognized, valued, oriented, and promoted to increase investment in regional and national tourism. But there is also a significant lack of knowledge on the instruments to be used by these entrepreneurs to be part of success rather than failure, as has happened in some cases for those who have dared to invest in this important sector of the economy and national culture. In the framework of this study, tourism is considered important for sustainable development in the city of Durres. The diversity of cultural monuments, cultural traditions, and traditional hospitality, constitute a strong attraction for domestic and foreign tourists. The aim of this study is the presentation of the tourist potential for the sustainable development of the Durres region, to serve its promotion, as well as the establishment of the relevant tourist infrastructure that will strongly influence the increase of tourists’ interest to visit and create an image for a more attractive and long-term destination.
Performance of the Slovenian Hotel Companies in Times of COVID-19
Performance of the Slovenian Hotel Companies in Times of COVID-19
(Performance of the Slovenian Hotel Companies in Times of COVID-19)
- Author(s):Mateja Jerman
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Tourism
- Page Range:273-287
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Performance; Hotel industry; Covid-19; Tourism; Performance measurement; Crisis
- Summary/Abstract:The chapter aims to analyse the performance of the Slovenian hotel companies in the times of Covid-19 compared to the performance before the pandemic. As the number of tourist arrivals and overnight stays significantly decreased during the pandemic, the Slovenian government has taken various measures to support the tourism industry. The research question of the article is: Is the performance of Slovenian hotel companies significantly different in times of Covid-19 than in times before Covid-19? The analysis is based on a sample of the 100 largest Slovenian companies operating in the hotel industry. The data covers the period 2018-2020. The results show that the performance of Slovenian hotels was significantly worse during the Covid-19 period. Without state aid, many hotels would most likely cease operations. The analysed industry faces major challenges. Suggestions for improvement and opportunities for further research are given.
Tourism Infrastructure in the Function of Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case Study of the City of Kruševac, Republic of Serbia
Tourism Infrastructure in the Function of Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case Study of the City of Kruševac, Republic of Serbia
(Tourism Infrastructure in the Function of Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case Study of the City of Kruševac, Republic of Serbia)
- Author(s):Bogdan Lukić, Branko Protić, Velimir Šećerov, Marija Belij Radin, Vladimir Popović, Dragica R. Gatarić, Katarina Milićević
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
- Page Range:289-313
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:Tourism infrastructure; Sustainable tourism; Jastrebac; Ribarska Banja; The City of Kruševac; Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:The sights of the City of Kruševac are numerous and they enable the realization of various aspects of tourism: cultural-historical, religious, sport, mountainous, spa, rural, and event tourism. This paper contains an analysis of the existing and planned tourism infrastructure, as well as the potential and limitations it is facing on the territory of the City of Kruševac. The subject of the research is tourism destinations in the vicinity of Kruševac – Jastrebac mountain and Ribarska Banja spa, as well as the most important sites in the tourism offer of the City of Kruševac. Tourism offer has significantly been improved by the investment into the development of secondary tourism centers – Jastrebac and Ribarska Banja. For quite a short period Jastrebac has become a favorite tourism destination of the citizens of Kruševac and the tourists from other settlements of Serbia and the neighboring countries. For its health-care purposes, Ribarska Banja has long been popular among the older population, and recently among younger generations as well, thanks to recreational tourism and natural beauties.
Corporate Restructuring in the Economy of the Tourism Sector: A Case Study of Air Serbia
Corporate Restructuring in the Economy of the Tourism Sector: A Case Study of Air Serbia
(Corporate Restructuring in the Economy of the Tourism Sector: A Case Study of Air Serbia)
- Author(s):Jovana Kisin, Jelena Ignjatović, Jelena Vemić Đurković
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:315-331
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Business transformation; Strategic partnership; Airline industry; Tourism; Economy
- Summary/Abstract:The main objective of this research is to analyze the effects of the implemented corporate restructuring process on the example of the Serbian national airline company. In addition, the purpose of this chapter is to discuss the management approaches, forms, specific goals, business performance and results, but also the benefits of the corporate restructuring of Air Serbia on national tourism and the economy. Since competitive national airline contributes to the development of the Serbian tourism sector, this chapter emphasizes the economic dimension and importance of the transformation process, creating new added value and employment, as well as multiple effects on overall local and regional development and complementary activities. Thematically, the content is focused on reviewing various forms of corporate restructuring, change of management model, ownership and organizational structure, application of new strategies, and achieved financial results, as indicators of the success of corporate restructuring, with special reference to the impact of COVID-19 on Air Serbia. The methodological framework includes desk research and a case study method based on data collection and analysis, synthesis of theoretical and empirical facts, and using available sources related to the research topic.
Measuring Perceived Tourism Service Quality in Quantitative Marketing Research
Measuring Perceived Tourism Service Quality in Quantitative Marketing Research
(Measuring Perceived Tourism Service Quality in Quantitative Marketing Research)
- Author(s):Ines Djokic, Nikola Milicevic, Nenad Djokic
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:333-346
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:SERVQUAL; Construct; Structural Equation Modelling; SmartPLS
- Summary/Abstract:The need to measure service quality in the tourism industry is present for decades. During that period many different instruments designed to perform that measurement were developed. However, the analysis performed when using those instruments relatively rarely relies on scientific contributions by which service quality should be treated as reflective-formative constructs. Such misspecifications can lead to serious mistakes in the results and can raise doubts about implications from studies that do not consider service quality appropriately. Having all previously stated in mind, this paper has three main objectives. The first objective is to present instruments designed to measure perceived tourism service quality in one place. The second goal is to demonstrate the view of perceived service quality as second order formative-reflective construct. Finally, the third objective is to present simulation of differences in the results when treating perceived service quality as reflective-reflective and as a reflective-formative construct.
Linking Tourism Service Quality Measurement and Qualitative Marketing Research
Linking Tourism Service Quality Measurement and Qualitative Marketing Research
(Linking Tourism Service Quality Measurement and Qualitative Marketing Research)
- Author(s):Ines Djokic, Nikola Milicevic, Nenad Djokic
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:347-362
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:SERVQUAL; Tourists’ Reviews; Coding; RQDA
- Summary/Abstract:Generally, increasing service quality leads to more satisfied and loyal service customers. The instruments for measuring service quality are developed and implemented in many service industries, including tourism. However, using such instruments for assessing tourism service quality considers conducting quantitative marketing research which requires significant resources and cannot be performed constantly. On the other hand, the best way to capture all the aspects of tourism service quality is to use those instruments. The authors of this paper consider the possibility of using qualitative marketing research and available data about tourists’ reviews as a manner for monitoring tourism service quality constantly. They propose the approach in which tourists’ reviews are analysed within the qualitative marketing research framework by using quantitative tourism service quality instruments’ items and/or dimensions for coding. The demonstration of such an approach is presented followed by a managerial implications discussion.
Marketing Communication as a Support to Modern Tourism Business
Marketing Communication as a Support to Modern Tourism Business
(Marketing Communication as a Support to Modern Tourism Business)
- Author(s):Branko Mihailović, Vesna Ž. Popović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:363-377
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Marketing communication; Tourism; Tourism business; Tourism market; Relationship marketing
- Summary/Abstract:The marketing concept in the tourism business requires a good knowledge of the market (all its segments), which implies a continuous analysis and planning approach. In this way, preconditions are created to successfully deliver the service to end consumers, which ensures the basic role of the company in the market, and that is, through the provision of appropriate service quality to consumers and their satisfaction, to achieve the basic interest of the company as a collective - profit. This paper investigates the possibilities and scope of effective marketing communication, which in modern conditions represents significant support to the tourism business. The role of marketing communication should be viewed in the context of the expansion of tourism, especially in the second half of the twentieth century. Marketing communication in tourism has the task of enabling a more efficient exchange between tourist demand and supply.
Urban Culture in Pandemic Era: Opportunities for Using Virtual Marketing Tools in Local Tourism
Urban Culture in Pandemic Era: Opportunities for Using Virtual Marketing Tools in Local Tourism
(Urban Culture in Pandemic Era: Opportunities for Using Virtual Marketing Tools in Local Tourism)
- Author(s):Jana Pecníková, Daniela Mališová, Kristyna Moškorova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Tourism
- Page Range:379-391
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Marketing; Virtual Tools; Urban Landscape; Culture; Case Study
- Summary/Abstract:Today, cities and communities face the challenge of how to maintain urban culture and develop the social and cultural capital of individuals, despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The answer lies in the intersection between Industry 4.0 and marketing tools that can effectively mediate a cultural experience or cultural service in a virtual space. The chapter aims to point out the use of modern marketing tools in local tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main method of the paper is a case study, carried out on selected examples of cultural institutions in Ostrava, Czech Republic. The obtained results show that even after the COVID-19 pandemic, new marketing tools will gain a permanent place in the provision of cultural services and thus also in tourism. This will make urban culture more accessible, open and transparent. At the same time, we assume that thanks to the application of virtual tools, the age limit for the target group of consumers of cultural services will be shifted from the older productive class to young people up to 30 years of age.
The Impact of Digital Marketing on Health Tourism in the Western Balkans during the COVID-19 Pandemic
The Impact of Digital Marketing on Health Tourism in the Western Balkans during the COVID-19 Pandemic
(The Impact of Digital Marketing on Health Tourism in the Western Balkans during the COVID-19 Pandemic)
- Author(s):Bojana Ostojić, Miodrag Bogdanović, Jelena Ružić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Tourism, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:393-406
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Health tourism; Digital marketing; Western Balkan; Covid-19
- Summary/Abstract:Health tourism is the fastest growing healthcare industry worldwide and it refers to patients traveling to other developed or developing countries to improve or renew individual medical interventions. The growth of health tourism can also be seen as a chance for innovation and growth in developing countries. With this type of tourism as an export-growing strategy, many socio-economic problems can be solved that developing countries with traditional industries are faced. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the current views on the ways of doing business, as well as on tourism, which is becoming the industry that has suffered the most damage. In that sense, regional cooperation could be of saving importance for the tourism of Western Balkans countries after the pandemic of the Covid-19 and especially health tourism.
MICE Tourism in the Pre-COVID-19 Era: Key Determinants of Academic Conference Attendees’ Satisfaction
MICE Tourism in the Pre-COVID-19 Era: Key Determinants of Academic Conference Attendees’ Satisfaction
(MICE Tourism in the Pre-COVID-19 Era: Key Determinants of Academic Conference Attendees’ Satisfaction)
- Author(s):Vuk Bevanda, Nevena Bevanda
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:407-423
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:MICE; Congress tourism; Academic conference; Academic conference attendees; Satisfaction
- Summary/Abstract:One of the new trends in the world tourism economy is the large and rapid growth of congress tourism. Congress tourism includes various types of meetings - congresses, conferences, incentive trips, events and manifestations. The congress-tourist offer consists of two components - congress and tourist, so in that sense, it is divided into a working part and part for rest and leisure. This study aims to examine the key determinants of academic conference attendees’ satisfaction. Primary data were collected by the survey method. Descriptive statistics, correlation, simple and multiple regression were used in the study for data analysis. The results of the research highlight a key determinant that has a statistically significant impact on satisfaction: the experience of participants. Identification of key determinants of academic conference attendees’ satisfaction is essential for organizers of academic conferences and tourism organizations in the destination of the conference because in this way they gain opportunities to improve future business relationships with clients and business performance.
Destination Branding and Cultural Tourism – Case from Serbia
Destination Branding and Cultural Tourism – Case from Serbia
(Destination Branding and Cultural Tourism – Case from Serbia)
- Author(s):Ivana Domazet, Maša Vukanović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:425-440
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Cultural tourism; Museums; National branding; Heritage; Destination branding; Tourist markets; Brands; Cultural tourists
- Summary/Abstract:Destination branding is icing on the cake of the process of destination-making. This process raises the issues such as attitudes of the local community towards tourism development, regarding utilization of their natural and cultural resources, cooperation of national and local decision-makers, and identification of attractions. Such issues are most noticeable in cultural tourism in which tourists choose their destination motivated by an interest to meet the city’s local culture. As the new museology paradigm shifted focus onto visitors’ experience, museums, guardians and presenters of (local) heritage have become brands of their kind. In their work, they meet the local community’s needs to know better and adequately present their culture and heritage and the needs of tourists to meet local particularities. This paper focused on two towns in Serbia, Valjevo and Kikinda, where museums took a leading role in branding cities as cultural tourism destinations.
Film Industry in the Function of Destination Branding
Film Industry in the Function of Destination Branding
(Film Industry in the Function of Destination Branding)
- Author(s):Dejan Dašić, Gruja Kostadinović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Tourism
- Page Range:441-456
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Film-induced tourism; Tourist destination; Destination image; Economic aspects
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of this paper is the influence of the film industry on destination branding, where we imply the creation of a positive image and economic aspect. The paper points out the growing influence of the film industry as an attractive marketing tool, which increases the recognizability and image of the destination, which results in a significant increase in the number of tourists. Film tourism offers destinations the opportunity to generate significant incremental revenues, tourist visits and economic development, thriving where traditional marketing efforts cannot or yield poor results.
Online Tools for Tourism Recovery – IT Perspectives, Legal, Economic and Management Aspects
Online Tools for Tourism Recovery – IT Perspectives, Legal, Economic and Management Aspects
(Online Tools for Tourism Recovery – IT Perspectives, Legal, Economic and Management Aspects)
- Author(s):Žaklina Spalević, Miloš Ilić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:457-470
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:COVID-19; Accommodation booking; IT services; Economy
- Summary/Abstract:The problem we addressed in the paper included an analysis of the state of the tourism sector during the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to international tourism, one of the main goals was the economic analysis of tourism in the Republic of Serbia. The COVID-19 pandemic changed the everyday life and work of people and disturbed the order in almost all economic branches, so tourism was not spared either. In addition to the economic analysis of today’s tourism sector, the paper provides an analysis of the use of available online tools in order to better position in the market and better visibility of the tourist offer to potential tourists. By using the available online tools, the contact between the interested tourist and the hotelier of a certain area is realized much faster. Their application is especially important for small rural households and tourist places that base their offer on untouched nature.
The Impact of Information Technology and Software Tools on Improvement of Business of Tourism Sector in the Sarajevo Canton
The Impact of Information Technology and Software Tools on Improvement of Business of Tourism Sector in the Sarajevo Canton
(The Impact of Information Technology and Software Tools on Improvement of Business of Tourism Sector in the Sarajevo Canton)
- Author(s):Mahir Zajmović, Ibrahim Obhođaš
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Tourism, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:471-487
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:IT; Software; Tourism; Business; Sarajevo Canton
- Summary/Abstract:The Internet is undoubtedly the world’s most important social phenomenon, which today is a matter of great interest and research. According to statistics on Internet use, in 2019 the number of Internet users in the world was more than 4 billion. Rise of the Internet, as well as the development of other information and communication technologies, changed significantly modern ways of communication and business in the tourism sector. The analysis of tourist demand arising from the use of information and communication technologies, software, the Internet and social networks is becoming a key element in forecasting future values given the increasingly present new trends based on the use of information and communication technologies. This paper aims to present the impact of IT and software tools on improving the business of the tourism sector in Sarajevo Canton.
Integrated Approach to Developing a Parking Model in Tourist Destinations
Integrated Approach to Developing a Parking Model in Tourist Destinations
(Integrated Approach to Developing a Parking Model in Tourist Destinations)
- Author(s):Robert Maršanić, Edna Mrnjavac, Drago Pupovac, Ljudevit Krpan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Tourism
- Page Range:489-500
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Parking; Tourist destination; Tourists; Hotels; Logistics chains
- Summary/Abstract:Parking is becoming a problem of equal importance for hotels and hotel guests in car-travel tourist destinations as well as in air-travel tourist destinations. This paper examines the problems that tourists encounter when seeking to park their own or rented passenger cars, and it explores the importance and modes of parking within the passenger transport chain in tourism. The primary aim of this paper is to underscore the importance of a holistic approach to building a parking model in tourist destinations. The research results are based on the method of interview, descriptive statistics and ANOVA test. The main finding of this paper indicates that parking areas become an essential part of passenger transport logistics chains in tourism.
What We Can Learn from the Process of Urbanization of a Mountain Tourist Resort: The Zlatibor Case
What We Can Learn from the Process of Urbanization of a Mountain Tourist Resort: The Zlatibor Case
(What We Can Learn from the Process of Urbanization of a Mountain Tourist Resort: The Zlatibor Case)
- Author(s):Milorad Filipović, Miroljub Hadžić, Miodrag Vujošević
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:501-515
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Tourism; Sustainable development; Spatial development; Urbanism
- Summary/Abstract:Serbia started the transition in 2000 using a neoliberal development approach. Since 2012, a populist model of development has been underway. In such an environment the mountain tourist resort of Zlatibor became an example of an inadequate decision-making process, with inevitable negative long-term outcomes. Speeding up in reforming construction permits, unfortunately, made room for too fast urbanization of Zlatibor. Granting construction permits on the local level, without a comprehensive development plan of the destination as a broaden development frame, was a wrong reforming step. It is complicated by political fighting between the top (Republican) level and local level of governing, regarding interests. An additional problem is related to the wrong defined place for decision – making process. Namely, Zlatibor became too large and too rich for its local capital, Čajetina. The aim of the paper is firstly, to envisage development problems of Zlatibor, potentially “Mountain Kaludjerica”, like ecological, infrastructure and touristic disaster, if rapid, chaotic urbanization continues, and secondly, to point out some institutional, decision making and practical steps toward neutralization of these negative outcomes.
Interaction between Tourism and Culture for the Purpose of Urban Regeneration of the Town of Smederevo
Interaction between Tourism and Culture for the Purpose of Urban Regeneration of the Town of Smederevo
(Interaction between Tourism and Culture for the Purpose of Urban Regeneration of the Town of Smederevo)
- Author(s):Marko Milosavljević, Milica Dobričić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:517-532
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Urban regeneration; Tourism; Culture; Smederevo; Danube; Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:The authors of this chapter reveal the relevance of the interaction between tourism and culture for the purpose of urban regeneration in the example of the town of Smederevo, the Republic of Serbia. They analyze the town’s cultural and historical values and advantages for the development of tourism, in direct communication with urban methods required to revitalize the entire area and the town itself. Through the analysis of good practices of urban regeneration of the towns of Genoa and Dresden, the authors indicate possible guidelines for achieving the most effective urban regeneration. The aim of this chapter is to examine the opportunities that tourism and culture provide for the successful urban regeneration of the town of Smederevo, in order to contribute to a better understanding of their mutual relation.
Human Resources Hospitality Employment Perspective: Cluster Scenario for Selected Tourism Industries
Human Resources Hospitality Employment Perspective: Cluster Scenario for Selected Tourism Industries
(Human Resources Hospitality Employment Perspective: Cluster Scenario for Selected Tourism Industries)
- Author(s):Žarko Rađenović, Tatjana Boshkov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:533-548
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Human resources; Tourism industry; Employment; Cluster analysis; Regression
- Summary/Abstract:Creating an employment policy and its perspective development within the tourism industry depends on the successful management of human resources. This research aims to determine the significance of the impact of certain employment indicators on the performance of hospitality human resources in the European Union countries (including the United Kingdom), Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, and several Balkan countries. The annual job fluctuation and changes in tourist potential enable the performance analysis of employment indicators within a shorter period, in this case for 2019 and 2020. The authors will use multiple hierarchical regression to determine the magnitude of the contribution of individual indicators to job permanency in the tourism industry. The cluster analysis based on Ward’s method and squared Euclidean distance will group countries according to the performance of employment indicators in tourism. In this way, the most dominant group of countries will be formed, and during the mentioned period, will be shown the eventual movement of particular countries to clusters where better conditions prevail, in the tourism industry labor market. The cluster structure changes in the analyzed years should prove the fluctuation of human resources in the tourism industry, which depends a lot on the education level.
Determinants of Employment in Travel and Tourism Industries in EU: A Panel Data Estimation
Determinants of Employment in Travel and Tourism Industries in EU: A Panel Data Estimation
(Determinants of Employment in Travel and Tourism Industries in EU: A Panel Data Estimation)
- Author(s):Darja Boršič, Lea Žižek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Tourism, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:549-566
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Domestic tourism spending; Foreign tourism spending; Capital investment in tourism activities; Fixed effects models; Random effects model
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter presents tourism indicators and determinants of employment in tourism activities in the Member States of the European Union, analyzed for the period from 1995 to 2019. The analysis of countries’ travel and tourism contribution to gross domestic product and employment shows the development and causes of each EU members’ position in this field in the observed period. The countries that had both, the lowest average percentage of contribution to employment and GDP, during the analyzed period are Slovak Republic, Poland, Lithuania, Romania, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The group of countries that had the highest average contribution of tourism and tourism related industries to employment and GDP included Austria, Croatia, Greece, and Malta. The empirical analysis applied panel data techniques in order to estimate the determinants of employment in tourism industries, such as capital investment in tourism activities, and domestic and foreign tourism spending. Results confirm the positive effect of investment and domestic and foreign spending on employment in tourism industries as well as in tourism-related industries.
Social Entrepreneurial Intention Factors of Tourism Management Students
Social Entrepreneurial Intention Factors of Tourism Management Students
(Social Entrepreneurial Intention Factors of Tourism Management Students)
- Author(s):Sandra Milanović, Miljana Talić, Žarko Rađenović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:567-583
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Social entrepreneurial intention; Humane orientation; Prior experience; Tourism management student
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter aims to assess how humane orientation as a cultural value and prior experience in social problems (dependent variable) influence social entrepreneurial intention (SEI, independent variable) of students of tourism management. The additional antecedents of SEI, such as empathy, moral obligation, social self-efficacy, and perceived social support, were entered into the research model as mediating variables between independent and dependent variables. The research was conducted on a sample of 70 students enrolled in studies of tourism management in the Republic of Serbia. The results of single mediation regression analysis indicate that empathy and perceived social support are mediators between the dependent and independent variables, while moral obligation and perceived social support are not. Results of the study present implications both for theory and practice in the area of social entrepreneurship of university students.
CO2 Neutrality of Small and Medium-Sized Hotels – Publicity Stunt or Sustainable Competitive Advantage?
CO2 Neutrality of Small and Medium-Sized Hotels – Publicity Stunt or Sustainable Competitive Advantage?
(CO2 Neutrality of Small and Medium-Sized Hotels – Publicity Stunt or Sustainable Competitive Advantage?)
- Author(s):Christian Enz, Dagmar Škodova Parmova, Paul Wolf
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
- Page Range:585-604
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:SME; Hotel industry; Sustainability; Competitive advantage
- Summary/Abstract:The topic of climate protection is steadily gaining importance in public discussion. This paper shows that CO2 emissions are also gaining significant influence on booking behaviour in tourism. At the same time, it can be demonstrated in the context of a large-scale survey that with a growing desire for CO2 neutrality, higher accommodation rates are also accepted. Large hotel chains already regularly have integrated sustainable thinking into their daily routine. SMEs currently have some catching up to do. While hotel groups are accused of greenwashing, SMEs can generate a competitive advantage through individual, traceable measures.
Measuring Environmental Performance in the Cruise Sector Using GRI Standards
Measuring Environmental Performance in the Cruise Sector Using GRI Standards
(Measuring Environmental Performance in the Cruise Sector Using GRI Standards)
- Author(s):Annarita Palano, Tiziana Crovella, Andrea Pontrandolfo, Teodoro Gallucci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
- Page Range:605-619
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Cruise tourism; Sustainability; GRI
- Summary/Abstract:Globally, the cruise sector has had quick growth and high revenues in the last twenty years. However, this issue affected tourist destinations and natural resources, causing a steady deterioration. Particularly, there is a growing opinion that the sustainability of this mass tourism is a problem that needs to be addressed and resolved through accountability tools. For this reason, the implementation of sustainable tourism practices has stimulated cruise lines to develop sustainability reports, according to some international tools and in most cases, these companies adopt the GRI Standards. This study aimed to highlight the evolution and awareness of the impacts in the cruise sector by analyzing the sustainability reports drawn up according to the consolidated GRI standards. In particular, in this chapter, some values of the GRI standards, belonging to the 300 series, named “Top-specific Standard - in environment”, have been analyzed and compared. The purpose is firstly to analyze the environmental impacts of the cruise industry, starting from the identification and evaluation phases. Secondly, it highlighted how much a tool, such as the GRI can allow for comparative analysis. Furthermore, this chapter presents a comparison between three cruise companies, on the basis of some values associated with the GRI environmental indicators. Finally, for a specific company, the sustainability reports were compared over the years, to evaluate the company’s approach to the environmental, economic and social performance through the GRI standards. Particularly, the authors identified two hypotheses to be verified: hypothesis 1. The GRI implementation allows an improvement of the environmental performance; hypothesis 2. The cruise ship is equivalent to a city with identified requirements in terms of environmental impacts.
Illegal Migrations through the Applied Theory of Markets and Principles of the Tourism Industry
Illegal Migrations through the Applied Theory of Markets and Principles of the Tourism Industry
(Illegal Migrations through the Applied Theory of Markets and Principles of the Tourism Industry)
- Author(s):Suzana Herman, Nuša Lazar, Rasto Ovin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies, Tourism
- Page Range:621-637
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Emerging of markets; Similarity of business models approach; Market regulation
- Summary/Abstract:Illegal migrations have especially after 2015 been recognized as one of the top priority problems to be solved in the EU. Scattered policies and dissonance among the EU states have mostly been followed by repressive ex-post policies being, however, massively attacked by liberal democracy. Starting from the Arrow - Debreu theory of markets they analyze these processes from the point of the applied theory of markets. Beyond instability and insecurity as push factors on the supply side in these processes of illegal immigrants, there is also the emergence of smuggling businesses. The authors try to prove the hypothesis that illegal refugees smuggling does demonstrate clear elements of the tourist industry, apart from entailing massive fraud practices. The authors will elaborate on the comparison of business models between a tourist agency and a typical illegal business entity dealing with the smuggling of illegal immigrants. Here, the approach of similarity of business process models will be used. The study will outline some policy proposals for the regulation of the migration market. Deriving from the results, the authors consequently propose market intervention policies and measures, so as to try to frame migration processes regarding the level of benefit for sending and host countries.
