Climate Change and Environmental Politics
Climate Change and Environmental Politics
Contributor(s): Hasret Çomak (Editor), Burak Şakir Şeker (Editor)
Subject(s): Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Energy and Environmental Studies, International Law, Environmental and Energy policy, International relations/trade
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: International Relations; Policy Series; Climate change; environmental politics; global politics; Hasret Comak; international relations;
Summary/Abstract: In today’s world, it is more crucial than ever to navigate the intricate and multifaceted challenges posed by climate change and chart a course toward a more sustainable future. The pressing necessity to address these issues has become a defining feature of our century, compelling nations and individuals alike to take decisive action. The paramount objectives for the 21st century are clear: mitigating the adverse consequences of climate change, protecting both national and international public health, and ensuring a sustainable and prosperous future for generations to come. These goals are not just aspirational but essential for the well-being of our planet and its inhabitants. This book provides a comprehensive exploration of climate change, highlighting the immense power of scientific research and the importance of disseminating this knowledge widely. Through its chapters, the book offers an in-depth examination of various facets of climate change, presenting a synthesis of research findings, theoretical frameworks, and practical strategies. By presenting a multifaceted examination of climate change, this book aims to inspire action and foster a deeper understanding of the complexities involved. It is a call to action for individuals, communities, and nations to come together, leveraging the power of knowledge, innovation, and cooperation to build a more sustainable and resilient future. Together, through concerted efforts and a shared commitment to sustainability, we can navigate the complexities of climate change and pave the way for a brighter, more sustainable tomorrow.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-1-80135-312-0
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-1-80135-311-3
- Page Count: 375
- Publication Year: 2024
- Language: English
Analysis of The Un Efforts to Combat the Climate Change
Analysis of The Un Efforts to Combat the Climate Change
(Analysis of The Un Efforts to Combat the Climate Change)
- Author(s):Burak Şakir Şeker
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:5-23
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Analysis; climate change; security; climate agreement;
- Summary/Abstract:As it is known, the security concept has been reshaped more comprehensively after the Cold War ended and since the 1990s. Global-scale issues such as the environment, migration, water and food safety, and energy have gained importance during these years. Global climate change is another issue that has gained importance within the framework of the new security understanding. The expansion of the understanding of international security, including climate change, has also been reflected in the United Nations (UN) and its activities. In this context, since 1990, there has been a global struggle under the UN framework to combat global climate change. The UN’s combat against climate change can be examined in four fundamental processes. The first stage includes the Stockholm Conference in 1972 , which is one of the first steps in the search for a solution to climate change problems in the international arena. It was the first time that the environment was brought up as a major issue at a global conference, and it is often regarded as the turning point of environmental issues to take place in international law. The second phase covers the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which emerged as a result of the Rio Conference in 1992. It was the most important step to address the impact of global warming, which also forms the basis for future international climate conventions. While the Kyoto Protocol, which was signed in 1997 at the 3rd COP (Conference of the Parties) , constitutes the third stage; The Paris Agreement, which emerged at COP21 and entered into force in 2016, can be stated as the fourth stage of this struggle. In a general framework, it can be said that the most concrete development that shows the awareness of the UN on this issue is the Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was carried out under its leadership. In the next period, the UN has shown that it approaches this problem with determination with the COPs, which are held per year and thus have become routine, and it has begun to reap the fruits of these initiatives and efforts relatively with the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Climate Agreement.
- Price: 4.50 €
Preserving Skies: Destructive Asat Tests, Space Debris and Principles of Environmental Law
Preserving Skies: Destructive Asat Tests, Space Debris and Principles of Environmental Law
(Preserving Skies: Destructive Asat Tests, Space Debris and Principles of Environmental Law)
- Author(s):Nebile Pelin Mantı
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:25-48
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Preserving skies; destructive asat tests, space debris; principles; environmental law;
- Summary/Abstract:While the Russian aggression against Ukraine continues, the Russian military-related satellite launches at the beginning of the February 2024, have escalated space security discussions, and in mid-February, possibility of Russia launch a nuclear ASAT capability caused concerns. After the matter was leaked by House Intelligence Agency , Committee Representative Mike Turner has been unwilling to clearly define whether this new Russian capability is in fact a nuclear weapon in orbit, or possibly a nuclear-powered space-based electronic warfare capability.
- Price: 4.50 €
Environmental Migration in International Law and its Effects on Security
Environmental Migration in International Law and its Effects on Security
(Environmental Migration in International Law and its Effects on Security)
- Author(s):Tuba Taşlicali Koç
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Energy and Environmental Studies, International Law
- Page Range:49-59
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Environmental migration; international law; security;
- Summary/Abstract:In the post-Cold War period, the security perception of states has changed compared to the period when security was pursued through national power elements. Since the security perceptions of states changed in the post-Cold War period, the measures they took in this context also changed . This change has transformed the perception of security from being focused solely on the state to a multi-dimensional field of analysis in which humans are one of the main focal points. This change in security perception, which is analyzed with national power elements in realist theory, has found a place in Buzan’s five-sector analysis security perception, and security has begun to be examined on political, economic, social, environmental and military dimensions.
- Price: 4.50 €
Small Island States, Climate Change, and The Law of The Sea: An Assessment of The Request From Itlos for An Advisory Opinion, Before The Decision
Small Island States, Climate Change, and The Law of The Sea: An Assessment of The Request From Itlos for An Advisory Opinion, Before The Decision
(Small Island States, Climate Change, and The Law of The Sea: An Assessment of The Request From Itlos for An Advisory Opinion, Before The Decision)
- Author(s):Nebile Pelin Mantı
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy, Psychology, Essay|Book Review |Scientific Life, General Reference Works, Geography, Regional studies, Library and Information Science, Sociology
- Page Range:61-71
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Small Island States; climate change; law; sea; interplay
- Summary/Abstract:The interplay between the ocean and climate change is gaining a new dimension. Small Island States are among the most vulnerable of all, and many island nations are struggling to escape the effects of the climate change, which accelerates the degradation of the natural resources that underpin their economies, causing sea level rise, which leads to the salinization of rivers and lakes and therefore, scarcity of fresh water resources, and decline of coral reefs and fish stocks, which are the basis of their economies and eroding coastlines battered by intensifying storms.
- Price: 2.00 €
Climate Change and Small Island Developing States: Legal Challenges and The Landmark Advisory Opinion
Climate Change and Small Island Developing States: Legal Challenges and The Landmark Advisory Opinion
(Climate Change and Small Island Developing States: Legal Challenges and The Landmark Advisory Opinion)
- Author(s):Onur Sabri Durak
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:73-83
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Climate change; small island developing states; legal challenges; the landmark advisory opinion;
- Summary/Abstract:Climate change is a significant global concern that is particularly affecting Small Island Developing States (SIDS) more than other regions . These countries, distinguished by their small size, isolated positions, and distinctive vulnerabilities, confront existential perils from escalating sea levels, severe weather occurrences, and other climate-linked phenomena . As the international community grapples with the legal and policy implications of climate change, SIDS have emerged as key advocates for robust climate action and legal accountability.
- Price: 4.50 €
Securitization of Environment and Determining The Impacts of Environmental Security on National Security
Securitization of Environment and Determining The Impacts of Environmental Security on National Security
(Securitization of Environment and Determining The Impacts of Environmental Security on National Security)
- Author(s):Murat Pınar, Soyalp Tamçelik
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Environmental and Energy policy, Security and defense
- Page Range:87-111
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:Securitization; environment; determining; impacts; environmental security; national security;
- Summary/Abstract:Security in today’s global world is affected by many newer and more complex challenges which put humanity on the edge of multiple thresholds. Environmental challenges such as climate change, pollution, food and water scarcity, loss of biodiversity, large-scale human migrations, and widespread outbreaks of diseases make it more difficult to ensure global peace and security. Activities that are conducted to satisfy the nutrition and shelter needs of the rapidly increasing world population bring along widespread damage and annihilation of limited resources including water, soil, air, and forests. The deterioration of the vital resources puts the biodiversity and the human generations at risk. Moreover, climate change is worsening the situation and becoming a grave risk to the security and even survival of the planet. Admitting this reality, not only academics but also the politicians have highlighted the need for the securitization of non-military subjects such as renewable resources, environmental change, climate change, and demographic issues.
- Price: 4.50 €
Critical Analysis of the Global Climate Crisis from the Perspectiveof State Security and Sovereignty
Critical Analysis of the Global Climate Crisis from the Perspectiveof State Security and Sovereignty
(Critical Analysis of the Global Climate Crisis from the Perspectiveof State Security and Sovereignty)
- Author(s):Gülşah Özdemir, Soner Karagül
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Governance, Environmental and Energy policy, Security and defense
- Page Range:113-125
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Critical analysis; global climate crisis; perspective; state security; sovereignty;
- Summary/Abstract:Throughout history, regional and international threats have led to changes in the world order. In today’s world, direct or indirect threats caused by climate change necessitate the cooperation of all international actors, including states. States can sometimes mobilize international awareness regarding global climate change with the policies they follow at the national level. Generally, state reactions only to national priority practices reveal new responsibilities.
- Price: 4.50 €
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (Cbrn) Warfare’s Implications on the Environment
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (Cbrn) Warfare’s Implications on the Environment
(Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (Cbrn) Warfare’s Implications on the Environment)
- Author(s):Doğan Şafak Polat
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:127-140
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Chemical; biological; radiological; nuclear (Cbrn); warfare’s implications; environment;
- Summary/Abstract:As noted in a United Nations (UN) report, warfare adversely affects ecosystems at all levels. The degree to which warfare impacts on populations and ecosystem depends on the type of disturbance, the ecosystem’s sensitivity and resilience, and the timing of the impacts. Warfare invariably causes destruction, leading to the release of toxic compounds, death of wildlife, and polluted air. War-induced pollution contaminates water bodies, soil, and the atmosphere, making areas uninhabitable for humans. The use of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons has exacerbated the strain on ecosystems and the environment.
- Price: 4.50 €
Echoes of the Past: Power & Colonial Impact on Contemporary Climate Politics
Echoes of the Past: Power & Colonial Impact on Contemporary Climate Politics
(Echoes of the Past: Power & Colonial Impact on Contemporary Climate Politics)
- Author(s):Harun Abubakar Siddique, Abubacarr Kanagie, Alhassan Abdulai
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:141-166
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:Echoes of the past; power & colonial impact; contemporary climate politics;
- Summary/Abstract:In the unfolding narrative of global political dynamics, particularly in the realms of climate change, economic policies, trade agreements, and environmental concerns, there is a compelling need to examine the intricate web of power relations that continues to shape the global landscape. This chapter seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of these dynamics, exploring how historical patterns of influence and control persist in modern frameworks, from economic neocolonialism to climate change negotiations. Our exploration begins with an examination of the continuing impact of colonial legacies in current geopolitical and economic structures, where former colonial powers maintain influence over their erstwhile colonies through sophisticated, albeit subtle, mechanisms of control.
- Price: 4.50 €
The Us in Efforts to Ensure Environmental Security on A Global Scale
The Us in Efforts to Ensure Environmental Security on A Global Scale
(The Us in Efforts to Ensure Environmental Security on A Global Scale)
- Author(s):Sibel Kavuncu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:169-187
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:US; ensure environmental security; global scale; global; environmental; security;
- Summary/Abstract:Within the framework of the title “The US in Efforts to Ensure Environmental Security on a Global Scale”, the policies determined by the US to solve environmental problems on a global scale will be analyzed. Evaluating the policies of the US in this context towards ensuring global environmental security will enable us to observe the attitude of the US, which is the “global power” in today’s international system, in the face of a global problem regarding global security, and the extent of its efforts in seeking a solution to the problem. In other words, evaluating the US policies towards ensuring environmental security on a global scale will also enable the evaluation of the extent to which the US policies towards the solution of the problem have an impact on ensuring global environmental security.
- Price: 4.50 €
Climate Change and The Great Power Competition: A Focus on China’s Environmental Strategy
Climate Change and The Great Power Competition: A Focus on China’s Environmental Strategy
(Climate Change and The Great Power Competition: A Focus on China’s Environmental Strategy)
- Author(s):Haşim Türker
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:189-211
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:Climate change; great power competition; China; Environmental Strategy;
- Summary/Abstract:In an era where the imperatives of climate change are reshaping global politics, the traditional contours of great power competition are being redrawn. Once dominated by military might and economic prowess, the arena of international relations is increasingly influenced by a new, yet critical determinant: environmental strategy. This reconfiguration of global dynamics is nowhere more apparent than in the rise of China, a nation that stands at the crossroads of environmental challenge and geopolitical ambition.
- Price: 4.50 €
Russian Federation’s Environmental Security Policy
Russian Federation’s Environmental Security Policy
(Russian Federation’s Environmental Security Policy)
- Author(s):Ahmet Sapmaz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:213-228
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Russian federation’s; environmental security policy; environmental; security; policy;
- Summary/Abstract:Security studies, which generally focused on military security within the framework of the bipolar balance of power during the Cold War, have started to expand and deepen since the 1980s. In this context, the world ecosystem has become one of the reference objects of security. One of the actors affected by this situation was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the leader of the Eastern bloc in the bipolar system. Especially after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, environmental security became more important for the USSR and subsequently for the Russian Federation (RF). RF’s environmental security is of great importance both for itself and for the world for various reasons. First of all, the RF is the largest country in terms of area in the world with 11 time zones. On the other hand, it is second only to the United States of America (USA) in terms of greenhouse gas emissions per capita in 2018. Again, the RF has the highest greenhouse gas intensity as a percentage of gross national product (GDP) in 2018. It is one of the most important countries causing regional and global environmental degradation. The RF is among the countries with the largest reserves of natural resources in the world. For example, some of the Boreal forests, which constitute 20% of the world’s forests, are located in the RF. These forests are of great importance as they are the world’s carbon sinks. Lake Baikal, which contains 20% of the world’s fresh water, is located in the RF. The RF is also a major fishing power and holds the majority of the world’s oil and natural gas reserves. It is home to rich mineral resources including coal, gold, diamonds and iron. All these factors allow the RF to gain an important place in the environmental policy of the region and the world. This study argues that although the RF considers environmental security an important issue for itself and the world, it has failed to prioritize environmental security within the framework of its dense legal regulations, its complex organizational structure, its natural resource-oriented economy, and its intensifying political, military, and economic confrontation with the West. The study will first examine the history of the USSR’s environmental security practices, followed by an analysis of the RF’s environmental security problems and the RF’s environmental security policy. It will end with an evaluation in the conclusion section.
- Price: 4.50 €
The Politics of Nature in Turkey: Climate Change, Environmental Law, and Democracy
The Politics of Nature in Turkey: Climate Change, Environmental Law, and Democracy
(The Politics of Nature in Turkey: Climate Change, Environmental Law, and Democracy)
- Author(s):Ahmet Emre Köker
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:229-261
- No. of Pages:33
- Keywords:Politics; nature in Turkey; climate change; environmental law; democracy; scientific;
- Summary/Abstract:Scientific research in recent years reveals that the world is getting warmer. In this framework, it has become a necessity to study climate change and to make recommendations by determining the social and economic impacts of climate change. Under the title of the study, which is ‘‘The Politics of Nature in Turkey: Climate Change, Environmental Law and Democracy’’, the cause and effect relationship of the developments regarding the political, legal, democratic, economic, and humanitarian processes of climate change in Turkey is taken as a basis. For this reason, important scientific studies that explain the factors affecting climate and environmental issues in Turkey with the relevant theoretical components are analyzed.
- Price: 4.50 €
Global Warming and Climate Change in Disaster and Risk Management in Turkey
Global Warming and Climate Change in Disaster and Risk Management in Turkey
(Global Warming and Climate Change in Disaster and Risk Management in Turkey)
- Author(s):Levent Uzunçıbuk
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy, Environmental interactions
- Page Range:263-283
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Global warming; climate change; disaster; risk management; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:A new understanding of disaster and risk management has become widespread after 1990. The new approach adopted gives priority to disaster hazards pre-disaster activities, that is, ‘risk management’ and ‘avoidance’ activities, rather than post-disaster activities. International organizations have defined the issue of avoiding natural disasters as a prerequisite for sustainable development. Many countries in the world have renewed their legal and institutional structures in line with this common discourse.
- Price: 4.50 €
The Role of Climatic Disruption in The General Destruction of 1200 Bc
The Role of Climatic Disruption in The General Destruction of 1200 Bc
(The Role of Climatic Disruption in The General Destruction of 1200 Bc)
- Author(s):Haldun Aydıngün, Şengül Aydıngün
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Historical Geography, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:287-296
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:The role of climatic disruption; general destruction; 1200 Bc;
- Summary/Abstract:The world was struggling with serious climatic irregularities in 1200 BC, For this reason, agricultural production, which was the main source of livelihood of the Palace Economies, declined, and even famines broke out, and the people who had to leave their homelands in a wide area from Central Asia to Central Europe began to destabilize and shake the existing social structures. Especially at the beginning of the 12th century BC, Egypt was deprived of the rainfall and fertility brought by the monsoon rains due to the suddenly cooling climate and entered a period of decline that would never return to its former splendor. During this period, all state systems in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean, except Egypt, collapsed. States such as Hittites, Mycenaeans, and the administrative systems of cities such as Ugarit disintegrated. This period will be followed by a completely different period that will last for a few centuries and is also called the “Dark Ages” by historians.
- Price: 4.50 €
Climate Change and Urban Planning: Retrospective Framework
Climate Change and Urban Planning: Retrospective Framework
(Climate Change and Urban Planning: Retrospective Framework)
- Author(s):Ersan Koç
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Environmental and Energy policy, Rural and urban sociology
- Page Range:297-308
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Climate change; urban planning; retrospective framework;
- Summary/Abstract:Cities – as ultimate human artifacts of history - have always been forged in areas where natural resources and the social structures that will process these resources overlap in the early periods of their historical formation. The first settlements were formed close to water resources, the first source of natural resources. The building was formed in the nearby walls of forests, which are the basic elements for production, soil, masonry, stone artifacts and wood/timber stocks that can be used as building materials of security fortifications/buildings and heating infrastructure. As the habitats of mankind, cities have established structures around these source-production-labor cycles starting from the first ages.
- Price: 4.50 €
Climate Change and Aviation Sustainability
Climate Change and Aviation Sustainability
(Climate Change and Aviation Sustainability)
- Author(s):Serap Gürsel, Rafet Demir
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:309-321
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Climate change; aviation sustainability; transportation; advantages; transportation industry;
- Summary/Abstract:Air transportation is a type of transportation that has irreplaceable advantages in the transportation industry. It has many benefits and conveniences, such as saving time in intercontinental travel, providing employment opportunities directly or indirectly, and significantly supporting tourism, which is a large sector. This situation can be explained not only by the conveniences it provides but also by the high demand data associated with these facilities. Considering the number of 4.5 billion passengers carried in 2019 alone and the annual demand growth rate (4.5%), aviation will continue to grow actively and be the most preferred mode of transportation in the coming years. On the other hand, what makes aviation indispensable on a global scale is its economic contribution. The rate of aviation in global gross domestic product was announced as 4.1%. These and similar prominent aviation benefits do not cause interest in the industry to be only a matter of demand or preference. Aviation also comes to the fore in sustainability and climate issues. In addition to its industry volume and global contributions, its effects are also examined and discussed. In line with the studies and agreements made on climate change, especially in the last decade, some steps have been taken for aviation activities to prevent global warming. Of course, aviation impacts were first examined with greenhouse gas emissions and scenarios were established to slow down, reduce, and neutralize the increase in emission impacts. However, before the dates were determined as turning points, due to technological developments in aviation, fewer emission data were announced, especially in the 2000s compared to the 1990s. This may indicate that aviation shows promise in adapting to the set goals. However, especially in the 2020s, carbon emissions from aviation are one of the issues that are closely monitored, and regulations are being introduced to the industry accordingly.
- Price: 4.50 €
Psychological Impact of Climate Change
Psychological Impact of Climate Change
(Psychological Impact of Climate Change)
- Author(s):Musa Şimşek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Psychology, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:323-331
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Psychological impact; climate change; individual variances; human; decision-making;
- Summary/Abstract:When people reflect upon human decision-making processes, they often presume that logic and pragmatism govern the outcome, but this is rarely the case. To fully grasp this idea, one needs to look at the fundamental components of the information processing procedure. First, a stimulus enters the perceptual world of a human being. This hypothetical stimulus’ perceptual properties must be processed by the appropriate brain region for it to be “perceived.” During the initial stages of the operation, fundamental physical stimulus properties are processed. However, this represents only a minor component of the overall process. The most crucial step is to ascribe a meaning to the stimulus. It is at this very step that most individual variances emerge.
- Price: 4.50 €
The Effects of University Students’ Climate Change Anxiety Knowledge Attitude and Behaviours on Their Recycling Behaviour
The Effects of University Students’ Climate Change Anxiety Knowledge Attitude and Behaviours on Their Recycling Behaviour
(The Effects of University Students’ Climate Change Anxiety Knowledge Attitude and Behaviours on Their Recycling Behaviour)
- Author(s):Ali Eren Balıkel
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Environmental and Energy policy, Higher Education
- Page Range:333-356
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:The Effects of University Students; climate change; anxiety; knowledge; attitude; behaviours; their recycling behaviour;
- Summary/Abstract:Although the climate, which fundamentally affects the living and plant life in the region it dominates, has changed since the existence of the world, these changes have occurred over millions of years. The rapidly increasing production and consumption frenzy that started with the Industrial Revolution caused the ozone layer, which forms the outer layer of the atmosphere, to be depleted, and thus the world began to be exposed to harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. This situation caused the temperature increases/decreases, which could take place over millions of years, to occur in short periods such as a few years, and the climate, which affected all life forms, began to change rapidly.
- Price: 4.50 €
Climate Change and its Reflections in Turkish Media
Climate Change and its Reflections in Turkish Media
(Climate Change and its Reflections in Turkish Media)
- Author(s):Hüseyin Çelik
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:357-367
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Climate change; climate; galaxies; suns; planets; celestial bodies;
- Summary/Abstract:After the universe was formed, galaxies, suns, planets and other celestial bodies came into being. This process, which lasts millions of years, consists of continuous change. The universe, which emerged as a result of the Big Bang, was formed approximately 14 billion years ago as a result of an explosion from a very dense and hot point. This situation consists of the universe exploding from an entity, which is expressed as a particular unity, and revealing billions of entities as a result of the big bang. Since the formation of the universe, called the Blanc period, four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetic, strong and weak forces) have come together in a particular formation. First the gravitational force, then the others are separated. The separation of forces began to cool the universe, and this cooling caused certain anomalies in the universe. These anomalies caused distortions. These symmetry disruptions have caused various topological defects to occur in the universe. As a result of topological distortions in the universe, symmetrical distortions, zero-dimensional monopoles and one-dimensional string structures have been formed . The universe is constantly expanding. These expansions are like inflating a balloon. What are the mechanisms that inflate this balloon? Thus, what kind of theory can be created that combines the four fundamental forces? Various theories and approaches have been created to answer these questions.
- Price: 4.50 €
