Traditional Folk Culture in Moravia: Time and Space
Traditional Folk Culture in Moravia: Time and Space
Author(s): Daniel Drápala, Roman Doušek, Daniel Drápala, Miroslav Válka, Alena Křížová, Martina Pavlicová
Subject(s): History, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Economy, Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Agriculture, Sociology, Social history, Modern Age, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
Published by: Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství
Keywords: Moravia; Traditional Folk Culture; 1750-1900; Religious behavior; Rural Residents; Agriculture; Forms of farming; Handicraft; Carpathian style clothing;
Summary/Abstract: In 1624, Abraham Goos, a Dutch graphic designer and map publisher, published a map of Moravia. I. A. Comenio was identified as the author of the map. Jan Amos Komenský (1592–1670), or John Amos Comenius, was the Bishop of the Bohemian Brethren, a philosopher, an educational theorist, and a man with a wide range of knowledge. He prepared materials for this cartographic work before he went into exile; he had planned to use the map as a supplement to his work about the history of Moravia. However, the result of his research and documentary work, which was intended to improve on the older Fabricius map, soon became a fully-fledged item in the list of his essential works. The 1624 publication was followed by more, and the original served as the basis for a number of versions that differed only in minor details or in the place of publication and publisher.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-80-210-8101-7
- Page Count: 225
- Publication Year: 2015
- Language: English
Autochthony
Autochthony
(Autochthony)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Social history, Culture and social structure , Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:19-21
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Countryside; Folk culture; Moravia; 18th-19th century; Culture;
- Summary/Abstract:Before the 19th century, the Central European countryside was a place where non-local social classes pursued their interests, whether they were of an economic, political, missionary, cultural,or reformatory nature. These classes introduced their ideas and tried to influence local inhabitants through various tools of power from their positions as owners of manors and through state political mechanisms sanctioned by religion, etc.
- Price: 4.50 €
Willow Twigs and Branches in Traditional Handicrafts
Willow Twigs and Branches in Traditional Handicrafts
(Willow Twigs and Branches in Traditional Handicrafts)
- Author(s):Daniel Drápala
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:22-29
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Willow Twigs; Traditional Handicrafts; People’s close relationship with nature; Cultural history;
- Summary/Abstract:Natural wicker (willow twigs, reeds, grasses, small roots, etc.) has been used to meet the needs of human communities for a very long time, dating back to prehistoric times when humans started mastering natural resources. People’s close relationship with nature allowed them to become acquainted with its rules and with the opportunities for exploiting, sometimes even aggressively, the abundance of raw materials surrounding them.
- Price: 4.50 €
Traditional Forms of Farming
Traditional Forms of Farming
(Traditional Forms of Farming)
- Author(s):Miroslav Válka
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Agriculture, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:30-38
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Farming; Cultural history; livestock farming; Moravia; Agriculture;
- Summary/Abstract:In the Slavic period and the Early Middle Ages, arable and livestock farming began to be the primary resources of village livelihoods in Moravia. As such, they influenced all other realms of social and cultural life in the countryside. The land and its possession dominated the basic life strategies of the population in pre-industrial villages; many autochthonous expressions of folk culture in Moravia originated in agricultural traditions. The situation did not change even under the feudal system, despite the changes and innovations inspired by the Enlightenment that altered the lives of serfs under Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Joseph II.
- Price: 4.50 €
The Oldest Traditions of Dance
The Oldest Traditions of Dance
(The Oldest Traditions of Dance)
- Author(s):Martina Pavlicová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Theatre, Dance, Performing Arts, Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:47-52
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Dance; Cultural history; Folklore; Tradition; Moravia;
- Summary/Abstract:In the realm of intangible phenomena in traditional culture, thoughts about autochthony can be directed towards dance, even though the study of this subject in historic periods isa complicated problem in ethnochoreology. There are very few historic documents about dance, and the ones that doexist provide only partial information, which does not enable many concrete conclusions about this comprehensive cultural phenomenon.
- Price: 4.50 €
Archaic Garments
Archaic Garments
(Archaic Garments)
- Author(s):Alena Křížová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:39-46
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Folk Dress; Moravia; Tradition; Archaic garments;
- Summary/Abstract:Folk dress in Moravia is markedly variable. Until the early 20th century, the clothing from the eastern part of Moravia featured the use of local raw materials and a considerable amount of home production. This did not cover the entire folk costume ensemble, but work clothing, some basic garments, and most accessories were made at home. The home production followed time-tested archaic methods which had not changed for centuries.
- Price: 4.50 €
External Influences
External Influences
(External Influences)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:53-55
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Folk culture; Cultural values; Rural classes;
- Summary/Abstract:The early 20th century brought a new perspective in the study of folk culture. The Swiss folklorist Eduard Hoffmann-Krayer (1864–1936) was one of the first representatives of this change when he pointed out that “folk does not produce, it reproduces”. The German folklorist Hans Naumann (1886–1951) in particular evolved this thesis into a theory about decayed cultural values.
- Price: 4.50 €
Influence of Fashionable Styles
Influence of Fashionable Styles
(Influence of Fashionable Styles)
- Author(s):Alena Křížová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Culture and social structure , Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century, History of Art
- Page Range:56-61
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Folk dresses; fashionable styles; home-made work-wear; Cultural history;
- Summary/Abstract:Folk dress was a symbol defining ethnographic areas. From the beginning of the Modern period, folk dress had a unified form in Central Europe that survived until the 20th century in home-made workwear. Written and pictorial sources from the 16th century have enabled the examination of local differences that evolved into the distinctive regional types known from the 19th century.
- Price: 4.50 €
New Technologies and Techniques in Agriculture
New Technologies and Techniques in Agriculture
(New Technologies and Techniques in Agriculture)
- Author(s):Miroslav Válka
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Agriculture, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:62-67
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:New technologies and techniques in agriculture; 18th-19th century;
- Summary/Abstract:New and more rational farming methods were first initiated under instructions from the lords of manors and then, fromthe 18th century, by societies disseminating the ideas of the Enlightenment, and bythe Austrian state that was interested in its serfs, i.e. tax payers. The procedures recommended for arable and livestock farming based on the practices of manorial estates are explained in the educational literature of the time, which was another source of agricultural instructions and novelties and a platform for their dissemination.
- Price: 4.50 €
Impulses of the Development in Dance and Music Folklore
Impulses of the Development in Dance and Music Folklore
(Impulses of the Development in Dance and Music Folklore)
- Author(s):Martina Pavlicová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Theatre, Dance, Performing Arts, Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Music, 18th Century, 19th Century, History of Art
- Page Range:68-74
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Dance and Music Floklore; Moravian regions; Cultural history;
- Summary/Abstract:Music and dance culture in Moravian regions features differences as well as similarities. It is logical to inquire about the origins of these differences and identical features, but the questions cannot be answered in allregions and for all cases. It is necessary to beaware that despite a variety of borders, folk culture is permeable because the specific development of even smaller, closed territories was affected by external influences.
- Price: 4.50 €
Development of a New Pilgrimage Site and Place of Cult Worship under the Direction of the Rural Population
Development of a New Pilgrimage Site and Place of Cult Worship under the Direction of the Rural Population
(Development of a New Pilgrimage Site and Place of Cult Worship under the Direction of the Rural Population)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Modern Age, Rural and urban sociology, Sociology of Religion, History of Religion
- Page Range:75-80
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:New Pilgrimage Site; Rural population; religious behaviour; folk culture;
- Summary/Abstract:In rural religious behavior and attitudes as an integral part of traditional folk culture, a multi-layered phenomenon was created and maintained by various processes. A layer of religiosity was created in the minds of the rural population and in their rituals, based on influences from the upper classes of the time.
- Price: 4.50 €
Stability over Time
Stability over Time
(Stability over Time)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Social history, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:81-83
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Traditional folk culture; rural environment; stability and time;
- Summary/Abstract:While revealing indigeneity as a vital feature of traditional folk culture, we pointed out the originality of several phenomena and their components, as well as their durability, in the rural environment. The duration of some components resulted from the rural residents’ choices within the framework of what was then imaginable or possible, and with regards to the economic aspects.
- Price: 4.50 €
Villagers' Reading
Villagers' Reading
(Villagers' Reading)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Social history, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:84-91
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Rural people; 18th-19th century; Moravian countryside; Villager's reading;
- Summary/Abstract:The reflection of time and the acceptance of and preference for what is time-tested, well-established, and still valid from the perspective of rural people are demonstrated by what they read. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the literature that was read often concentrated on old texts, repeatedly read over generations. Such reading habits slowly began to disappear from the countryside only in the second half of the 19th century.
- Price: 4.50 €
Customary Law
Customary Law
(Customary Law)
- Author(s):Martina Pavlicová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Modern Age
- Page Range:92-98
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Customary law; rural traditions; 19th century;
- Summary/Abstract:As the first scientists began to research rural traditions, they paid attention mostly to the rituals and customs. This is documented by different reports and longer essays, such as those written by Josef Alois Zeman in 1808,1809, and 1811, in which he noted weddings in the ethnographic area of Podluží, as well as rituals on Christmas Eve, Passion Sunday,and Easter Monday, and at Carnival. Zeman’s texts are informative and neutral.
- Price: 4.50 €
Ceremonial Shawls – úvodnice and koutnice
Ceremonial Shawls – úvodnice and koutnice
(Ceremonial Shawls – úvodnice and koutnice)
- Author(s):Alena Křížová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Rural and urban sociology, 19th Century
- Page Range:99-106
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Folk culture; Ceremonial shawls; decorative motifs;
- Summary/Abstract:In folk culture, the reflection of timelessness is obvious not only in events of custom and ritual nature. Many times, this timelessness is connected with tangible artifacts that played an important and sometimes even key role in the ritual events. One such artifacts is a square or oblong piece of fabric, a shawl, that is among the oldest basic garments – a wrap garment –that has existed throughout the Czech lands since the Middle Ages.
- Price: 4.50 €
Fluidity over Time
Fluidity over Time
(Fluidity over Time)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Agriculture, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:107-109
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Folk culture; Fluidity and time;
- Summary/Abstract:The previous chapter highlighted the stability that characterized the rural population and influenced traditional folk culture which simultaneously incited such preferences. Traditional folk culture was presented from the subjective perspective of its bearers. These bearers, however, often became a subject of topical social trends. The most noticeable developments included various standards ordered by lords, authorities, and the church.
- Price: 4.50 €
Changes in Building Legislation
Changes in Building Legislation
(Changes in Building Legislation)
- Author(s):Miroslav Válka
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Architecture, History of Law, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:110-114
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Building legislations; 18th-19th century; Architecture;
- Summary/Abstract:In addition to all of the cultural ties that connected Moravia with the Danube region and the Carpathians in terms of the folk house, the phenomena of European civilization spread from the west, i.e. from the Bohemian environment. In the 18th century, the increasingly centralized and bureaucratic state administration began to regulate construction activities in the towns and villages. Imperial decrees with province-wide force replaced the older manorial instructions that had been limited to a single domain.
- Price: 4.50 €
Regulation of Religious Behavior of Rural Residents
Regulation of Religious Behavior of Rural Residents
(Regulation of Religious Behavior of Rural Residents)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Social history, 18th Century, 19th Century, Sociology of Religion, History of Religion
- Page Range:115-120
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Rural residents; Religious behaviors; Moravia; 18th-19th century;
- Summary/Abstract:The religious rituals of rural residents were a realm that other social classes tried to influence, often successfully. The attempts to influence these rituals were a result of differing religious affiliations and the historical transformations of particular churches. The forms of Holy Mass and the behaviors on certain feast days depended on the religious affiliation. Rural residents were not free to choose their religion; in fact, they often were forced to change their religion during periods of reformation and recatholicization. In addition, individual churches underwent complex developments during that period.
- Price: 4.50 €
Changes and Differentiations in the Organization of Handmade Production
Changes and Differentiations in the Organization of Handmade Production
(Changes and Differentiations in the Organization of Handmade Production)
- Author(s):Daniel Drápala
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:121-129
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Handmade productions; handcraft productions; cultural history; production of shingles and split wooden pieces;
- Summary/Abstract:In terms of how the rural and small-town populations earned their livelihood, the repeated penetration by external impetuses can be observed in the example of the organization of handmade production. The natural process of technological improvements (whether this was gradual or in leaps) blended with other economic and social factors, innovations, fashion, and the discovery of wider sale territories.
- Price: 4.50 €
Consumption
Consumption
(Consumption)
- Author(s):Daniel Drápala
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Agriculture, Social history, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:130-138
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:consumption of rural farms; agrarian production; rural population; farmers; villages and small towns;
- Summary/Abstract:The economy of rural farms aimed at agrarian production was quite a limited and changeable system in the form in which it emerged during the Middle Ages and the Modern period. Unexpected events, such as wars, basic catastrophes, bad weather, and poor harvests weakened the economic balance and farming for many peasants and could even plunge them into material misery. In bad years, official statements and texts written by rural residents mention the lack of foods and raw materials and increasingly high prices that limited the availability of goods for the less-wealthy inhabitants.
- Price: 4.50 €
Territorial Unity
Territorial Unity
(Territorial Unity)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Regional Geography, Rural and urban sociology
- Page Range:139-141
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Territorial Unity; Folk culture; Moravian countryside;
- Summary/Abstract:An objective view of traditional folk culture within the observed period can reveal layers of that culture that were shared and living among the rural populations throughout Moravia or at least ina wider geographical area. The system and structural conformities in those layers can be identified. Clothing was perceived as a symbol of differentiation; similar principles can be noted in the layout of the rooms in which people lived; homes were segmented according to their functions, etc.
- Price: 4.50 €
Carpathian-style Clothing
Carpathian-style Clothing
(Carpathian-style Clothing)
- Author(s):Alena Křížová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:142-148
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Carpathian-style clothing; basic garments; folk costumes; archaic style of dressing;
- Summary/Abstract:The cut of basic garments is a crucial elementin folk costumes. The garments makeup an ensemble whose major features are identified with the inhabitants in a large territory, despite their ethnicity and regional or state borders. The Carpathian-style clothing was worn in the territory of the Carpathian Mountains, stretching from Romania across Ukraine, Poland, and Slovakia to Eastern Moravia.
- Price: 4.50 €
Turkish Theme in Folk Ballads
Turkish Theme in Folk Ballads
(Turkish Theme in Folk Ballads)
- Author(s):Martina Pavlicová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Music, Modern Age, The Ottoman Empire, History of Art
- Page Range:149-153
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Traditional folk culture; ballad songs; Turkish themes;
- Summary/Abstract:The spread of traditional folk culture phenomena over a wider area need not be associated only with tangible documents. A similar spread occurred with folklore materials, specifically with ballads – song compositions with a dramatic story and a usually tragic end. These epic, or lyrical and epic, songs narrate a story in brief but with a time sequence and respect for a cause-and-effect relationship. As mentioned by Oldřich Sirovátka (1925–1992), it is not possible to clearly definethe ballad form, as there are a lot of inter-stages between the lyrical song and the ballad: the lyrical song uses epic methods and the ballad uses lyrical means.
- Price: 4.50 €
Healing Incantations
Healing Incantations
(Healing Incantations)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Modern Age, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:154-158
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Moravia; healing herbs; Health;
- Summary/Abstract:In the realm of magic behavior and attitude, there are a noteworthy number of common phenomena throughout Moravia that often crossed the national and linguistic borders. This article does not address the level resulting from the universality of the phenomenon of magic as a principle of thinking on which it is based, such as a conviction of the existenceof a power which is transferrable despite distance and time – that is in the presentand for the future – thanks to the bounds between particular objects and phenomena; or the opinion that symbols based on a contactand a similarity to the symbolized are in an active contact to it, can take over its strength or to influence it.
- Price: 4.50 €
Peddlery
Peddlery
(Peddlery)
- Author(s):Daniel Drápala
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:159-166
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Peddlery; cultural integrity; rural and urban environment; 18th-19th century;
- Summary/Abstract:The principles of cultural integrity can be recognized in the operation of some specific professions as well. During the 18th century, there was a gradual increase in the volume of clerical work dealing with peddlery, especially peddling trade, in Central Europe. The state administration and the bureaucratic apparatus of lower degrees simply responded to the fact that villages and towns were visited nearly daily by peddlers offering goods or services.
- Price: 4.50 €
Territorial Differentness
Territorial Differentness
(Territorial Differentness)
- Author(s):Roman Doušek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Social history, Rural and urban sociology, 19th Century
- Page Range:167-169
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:19th century; folk culture; Czech lands; cultural phenomena; geographical areas;
- Summary/Abstract:In the second half of the 19th century, the attention of ethnographic researchers was drawn to local variations in the same phenomena within folk culture. By the end of the century, the first typologies in accordance with this point of view were compiled in the Czech lands. This tendency to compiletypologies corresponded to the view of the social sciences and culture at that time, which stressed the interrelation between specific cultural phenomena and the demarcated geographical areas where these phenomena were often found.
- Price: 4.50 €
Typology of Folk Houses
Typology of Folk Houses
(Typology of Folk Houses)
- Author(s):Miroslav Válka
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Rural and urban sociology, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:170-177
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Folk houses; architecture; accessible materials; village greens; houses; roads and streets;
- Summary/Abstract:In the past, folk architecture varied due to a number of factors. Natural conditions, use of accessible materials, reflections of different styles, historical turning points (mainly in the form of waves of colonization), the historic, social, and economic contexts that initiated the inception of human settlements or urban landscapes were all engaged to some extent in the differentiation process,the result of which was a unique, and sometimes unmistakable, architecture of human settlements in individual areas of Moravia.
- Price: 4.50 €
Regional Types of Folk Clothing
Regional Types of Folk Clothing
(Regional Types of Folk Clothing)
- Author(s):Alena Křížová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Social history
- Page Range:178-183
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Folk clothing; Cultural history; Moravia;
- Summary/Abstract:In terms of regional types of folk clothing, Moravia is an extremely diverse territory, where two completely different groups –the western and eastern – meet. The western group is composed of Bohemia, Opavské Slezsko, and Moravské Horácko, and the eastern group comprises the West Carpathians and their foothills.
- Price: 4.50 €
Perceiving Cultural Differentness
Perceiving Cultural Differentness
(Perceiving Cultural Differentness)
- Author(s):Daniel Drápala
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:184-196
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:cultural differentness; Moravia; Cultural history; Traditions;
- Summary/Abstract:Societies of individual village or town settlement units in Moravia, from their very beginnings in the Middle Ages, differentiated themselves internally according to social, economic,professional, and religious aspects. This was a natural process that was also influenced with varying intensity by certain external factors, such as privileges or legal standards exercised by rulers or those in power, political events, or economic processes.
- Price: 4.50 €
Sources and Literature
Sources and Literature
(Sources and Literature)
- Author(s):Author Not Specified
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Editorial
- Page Range:198-222
- No. of Pages:25
- Price: 4.50 €
Pictorial Supplements
Pictorial Supplements
(Pictorial Supplements)
- Author(s):Not Specified Author
- Language:English
- Subject(s):General Reference Works
- Page Range:212-222
- No. of Pages:11
