Quality in Language Teaching. Theoretical Considerations and Practical Solutions
Jakość w kształceniu językowym. Rozważania teoretyczne i praktyczne rozwiązania
Keywords: quality in language teaching; language teaching
More...Keywords: quality in language teaching; language teaching
More...Keywords: slavonic languages; Anna Zych
More...Keywords: Federico García Lorca; symbolism; surrealism
More...Keywords: Carthage; Third Punic War; Denis Petau; Latin tragedy; Seneca's reception
The present work constitutes a scholarly edition and a translation into Polish of the Latin tragedy Carthaginenses of Denis Petau, and an introduction and commentary on the work. This tragedy, along with two other dramatic works of this author brought Petau relative fame. The author of the translation and the edition intended to familiarise a wider group of readers with this now-forgotten work, which is one the most worthwhile works – from the perspective of the tradition of humanist works by Jesuits in 17th-century Europe. As a dramatist Petau, does not conceal the great debt that he contracted from Seneca the Younger – not only does he imitate the Roman philosopher and tragedian in terms of formal and stylistic means in a fine manner but he also engages the themes of the stoic thought of this author. In the Carthaginenses, the Senecan perspective was employed in order to reinterpret the bloody episodes of the Third Punic War. Here Petau exhibited the figures of two strong women, who marked their presence in the history of Carthage: Dido, the mythical founder of the city, and the wife of Hasdrubal, the last Carthaginian commander. The death of the second heroine – the culmination of the plot of the tragedy – is used by the author to pose the difficult questions associated with human dignity and freedom.
More...Keywords: cheat sheets; motivation to learn; control; supporting autonomy; cooperation and support; competition; risk; morality;neutralization;
The aim of the present work was to present the problems associated with using cheat sheets in post-gimnazjum schools within a theoretical framework and on the basis of the results of research which has been heretofore conducted in this field. Moreover, the results of the research conducted by the author was presented.The work consists of two fundamental parts. The first part contains a theoretical introduction to the understanding of the phenomenon of using cheat sheets at school and the determinatives thereof. This part constitutes the basis for the results of the author’ personal research, conducted and discussed in the further part of the book. The first subchapter presents the school as the basic environment of the psychosocial development of the pupil and discusses the basic theories of motivation in education with special reference to the concept of the Self-Determination Theory, as well as the role of perception-related factors in the context of the behaviour of teachers, parents and the relations in the class.The second subchapter presents the school as the area of acquiring extranormative behaviour; it discusses the selected theories of deviation in reference to the phenomenon of using cheat sheets, including the theory of neutralisation. The second subchapter discusses the theoretical bases of the problem of cribbing, its origins and the motivation to crib among pupils. These aspects were related to the category of risk and of moral development. The second part presents the methodological concepts of the research which was conducted. The aim and the object of research, the problems and hypotheses, the methods of research, the selection of the research sample and the area of research were described in detail. The variables which were taken into account in the research and the detailed operationalisation of these variables in the form of a presentation of the tools which were constructed for the purposes of research were described. Moreover, the methods of the statistical analysis of the research were presented.The third part of the work constitutes a description of the results of research which was conducted. This part was divided into three subchapters. The first subchapter constitutes an attempt at describing and systematising the phenomenon of cribbing and the associated experiences in the perception of pupils. Here the opinions and declarations of pupils concerning the diffusion of the phenomenon and the ways and means of cribbing, the justifying and repelling motivation to crib or not to crib as well as the consequences of cribbing. Moreover, the problems of providing assistance in cribbing and the behaviour and emotions of pupils which appear in the situation of “extorting assistance” as well as the attitudes toward “squealing” are presented. Additionally, the experiences of pupils associated with items in the school reading lists and doing homework as elements of scholastic fraud as well as the voluntary remarks of pupils about the phenomenon of cribbing itself are presented. The second subchapter presents the problems of the mediatory role of motivation to study in the concept of the Self-Determination Theory (in the following planes: amotivation, external motivation, introjected motivation, motivation based on identification and internal motivation) in the relations between: the perception of the behaviour of parents and teachers (construed in two dimensions: control and fostering autonomy) and the perception of the relations in the class – competition as well as collaboration and support between pupils and cribbing which involves three factors: causative cribbing, being an accessory to cribbing and reluctance to provide assistance. The third subchapter constitutes a description of the results of a quasi-experiment involving the influence of the magnitude of risk, the appearance of the factor which neutralises norms, the purpose of cribbing, the proclivity to observe norms and the proclivity to break them to the proclivity to cribbing.The work features a conclusion, a general reflection upon the phenomenon of cribbing andthe interpretation of the results of research which were acquired in the context of their significanceto educational practice.
More...Keywords: Foundation Professor Józef Pieter
More...Keywords: Byzantium; Constantinople; Lukian; Platonic tradition
More...Keywords: covenant; marriage; sacrament; ecumenism;canon law;
This publication is an analysis of the fundamental premises of marriage legislation of the Catholic Church and Evangelical Churches. In chapter one, starting from the etymology of basic terms, the biblical idea of covenant and the idea of marital covenant are presented. In chapter two, citing the statements of the Fathers of the Church and Christian authors, the development of the doctrine in this regard is described, whereas the next chapter is devoted to the evangelical idea of marriage arising in the sixteenth century. The analysis is preceded with a presentation of the profiles of select main reformers. Given the fact that the Catholic Church’s response to reformers’ teachings was an announcement of the dogma of the sacramentality of marriage, the development of the Catholic doctrine is discussed in chapter four. The monograph is completed with an analysis of the issue on the plane of theological anthropology, wherein common elements are recognized, making it possible to enter an ecumenical dialogue.
More...Keywords: Neo-Aristotelianism
The aim of the book is to frame the concept of the good as the essence of the good life. Against the “happiness industry” it is argued that it might be best grasped within the frame work of Neo-Aristoelianism in the form developed in post-analytical tradition since the 1950s. I argue that Anscombe’s intervention led not only to the development of virtue ethics, but (on the basis of the evolution of analytical tradition to its post-analytical form on the one side, and its progressing naturalisation and growing interest in philosophy of mind and cognitive science on the other) but also, and primarily, to restoration of Aristotelianism as conceptual scheme (in the sense of Davidson) which enables both fruitful analysis of the main technical problems of contemporary moral philosophy and adequate answering to the key issues of moral and social life. Starting with analysis of the very Aristotelian turn and arguing for its understanding in terms of critical theory I develop an analysis of Aristotelianism not in the sense of historical and language scholarship, but rather in search of intellectual resources. This enables to discuss key issues in normativity and highlighting the possibility of overcoming the fact/value gap. Followingly, the concept of the good life is discussed with the attention being paid to the development of the individual agency and sense of life, as well as to the forms of self-discipline needed for such a development. This development, I argue, is a development of an embedded self, which might become conscious and coherent agent thanks to phronetic ordering of the goods and activities as way of distributing its most basic resources: time and attention. This also makes the grasp of the ethical possible not as purely abstract set of rules, but as part of daily routine of an the agent. Last chapter discusses the possibility of recognition of the good of other beings as well as social standards of the good life. I outline the capability approach as intervention in the local distortions of possibilities of human development and by pinpointing its weaknesses I claim of the MacIntyrean concept of the practice being not only most adequate to frame the moral development of the agent, but also to validation of the forms of social interaction. Reading MacIntyre’s Aristotelianism through Bourdieu’s concept of habitus I argue that it is by in-depth recognition of the intentional structures of its activities that the agent may obtain self-knowledge giving them a sense of happiness.
More...The book is an outcome of almost thirty-year-long scholarly experience of the author. It includes themes discussed during academic classes and lectures delivered as a part of Polish Philology course. Amongst the discussed creators are the likes of Adam Mickiewicz and Juliusz Słowacki, but also the less renowned ones. All of the foregoing is, however, seen by the author against the backdrop of other epochs in the arts and literature, especially the Enlightenment that directly preceded Romanticism, and dynamically progressing history of literature. And so, for instance, we may learn about notorious disputes involving representatives of Romantic and Classicist movements; folk-, nation-, and history-inspired Romanticism; the November Uprising, and the Great Emigration; Romantic Messianism; the semiotics of landscape, and the Genesis from the Spirit-period Słowacki. Therefore, the book is rather subjective yet legitimized by the acquired experience an angle on Romantic literature.
More...Keywords: legal terminology; legal translation
The subject of this monograph is lexicographic description of the terminology of law, with special emphasis on its use in the translator’s work environment, precisely in the context of machine and computer-aided translation. This description is based on the model developed by W. Banyś in the context of object-oriented description of lexical units. This work constitutes an application of this model to the lexical description of legal lexical units belonging to the analysed class of objects <persons in family relations>. The monograph consists of two parts. The first is descriptive, and it aims to provide a disciplinary and theoretical framework for this work. The first chapter discusses briefly the notions of legal language, legal text and legal translation. It explains distinction between different types of machine translation (rule-based, statistical, hybrid, neuronal) and computer-aided translation. Two fundamental approaches to description of terminology are presented: prescriptive and descriptive, and the emphasis is put on the importance of using linguistic corpora in terminological research. The second chapter presents an object-oriented description. A detailed discussion of the object-oriented description of lexical units by W. Banyś is accompanied by the outline of the following theoretical concepts: the object classes by G. Gross, the theory of Sens-Texte, the generative lexicon theory and the WordNet ontology, including, where possible, their suitability for the description of specialized lexis in the field of law. The third chapter discusses issues related to the object-oriented description of the specialized vocabulary, with particular focus on the selection process and the final choice of lexical units for the analysis, as well as the selection and exploration of corpora. The model of object-oriented description of lexical units is descriptive and its purpose is to present the language of law in its authentic form. The second part of the work is practical. It presents the lexicographic description of lexical units selected for the analysis, conducted in accordance with the methodology outlined in part one. It consists of the tables containing a description of fifty-two lexical units belonging to the object class <persons in family relations> and one lexical unit belonging to the superclasses: <persons> and <subjects of law>. These tables illustrate the use of W. Banyś’s lexicographic model to describe the units of the language of law.
More...Keywords: Polish book reportage; book market; adaptation; media convergence; aggregateness; genre and media hybrids; reportage-as-a-project
The monograph provides an analysis of the main factors determining the market- based and aesthetic status of old and contemporary Polish book reportage. The reflection aims at discussing the origin and the consecutive stages of the development of this media form in Poland, from the second half of the 19th century to contemporary times. One of the most significant issues discussed in the dissertation refers to the current generic transformation of these non-fiction books, as well as their new promotion and distribution policies in the digital era. Moreover, the objective of the research is to examine possible directions of further evolution of Polish book reportage, resulting from its adaptation to the standards of convergence culture and characteristics of the postmodern age. The dissertation consists of five chapters. The first two present a diachronic reconstruction of the history of reportage books on the national publishing market. Chapter one concerns the period from the partitions of Poland to the political transformation of the country in the 20th century and examines the circumstances that have led to symbiotic relation between the press and book forms of the genre. Furthermore, it describes how book reportages became separated from texts printed in the press after World War II. This issue is further discussed in chapter two, whose overall theme is the situation of Polish book reportages after 1989 (with special emphasis on their entanglement in commercial mass media discourse and their relationship with other forms of artistic expression). The above-mentioned problems also determine the subject of the next two analytic and interpretative parts of the monograph. Chapter three examines the influence of media convergence on the poetics of book reportages at the beginning of the 21st century. Their transformation is presented here as a typology encompassing three strategies of adapting reporters’ prose to digital conditions. These strategies are based on the notions of commercialization, interactivity and subjectivity. Chapter four, which contains an analysis of some chosen publications by Mariusz Szczygieł, Jacek Hugo-Bader and Filip Springer, provides additional details on the adaptation process defined in the previous part of the book. Works by these authors are discussed as examples of two complementary tendencies, compatible with contemporary transformations of the publishing sector. The first tendency concerns creating reportage books that are hybrid texts, while the second one aims at transforming reportage stories into intermedia and transmedia projects. Both processes are associated with the aggregateness category adopted for discussion purposes and considered as a formal determinant of recent Polish book reportages. The aggregateness concept also makes up the leitmotif of the last chapter, which provides the final assessment of formerly discussed phenomena. The aggregateness is examined here as a feature constituting today’s cultural reality, whose fragmentary and accumulative shape results as much from the media convergence’s impact, as from the axiological and aesthetic assumptions of postmodernity. The analysis embedded in this context concerns referential aspects of the contemporary reportage testimonies. In the concluding remarks, the evolution of methods of perceiving reality, resulting in the progressive subjectivity of reporters’ accounts, is recognized as the main source of the changes and adaptations of Polish book reportages mentioned in the title of the monograph.
More...Keywords: Camões; Poland; Portugal
The aim of this book is to analyse the Polish 19th century accounts of journeys to Portugal. Though it was certainly not the most popular destination for Polish travellers, there are several interesting relations that present Portuguese phenomena to the Polish readers. The following – mostly forgotten – books are recalled here: Two years in Spain and Portugal during the civil war 1838–1840 by Karol Dembowski, Memories of the journey through Denmark, Norway, England, Portugal, Spain and Morocco by Teodor Tripplin, fragments of Władysław Mickiewicz’s Memoirs, Adolf Pawiński’s Portugal. Letters from the journey and the Portuguese part of the book How to travel at little cost? Iberian voyages by Wincenty Lutosławski. The last chapter of the book is dedicated to Stefan Szolc‑ Rogoziński’s Sailing along the cost of West Africa, and in particular the part concerning Madeira. The analyses presented in the book aim at revealing different strategies of perceiving and describing Portuguese phenomena by Polish 19th century travellers. It also enables the author to highlight some common elements observed in all analysed texts – they reveal specifically the attitude of the writers, determined by their Polish culture. Such elements become evident when analysed in comparison with the accounts written by representatives of other European nations (especially the English, whose reports of journeys to Portugal seem to be the most significant in the 19th century).
More...Keywords: art; aesthetic education; educational methods; stimulation of creative development
More...Keywords: Nemesian; Cynegetica; hunting; tradition; antiquity
This work presents issues relating to a dramatic fragment of European history and a tumultuous period in the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the light of the accounts and assessments of papal nuncios residing at European courts.The author’s primary aim was to answer the question: how did the Holy See during the first phase of the pontificate of Urban VIII assess the foreign policy of the Commonwealth and to what extent did it try to influence it? In his work, main directions of Polish policy during this period and the papacy’s attitude toward them were analyzed. The Roman Curia’s stance on the Commonwealth’s relations with neighbors, including Turkey, Moscow, and Sweden, was discussed. The papacy’s stand on the issues relating to Poland’s potential participation in the Thirty Years’ War and on Vasa-Habsburg military plans was examined. Moreover, Rome’s attitude toward issues which pertained to domestic policy, albeit they determined the position of the Polish-Lithuanian state in Europe of that time – the 1632 election and Władysław IV Vasa’s marital plans – was presented.The above-mentioned issues were the subject of mutual diplomatic relations, which usually took the form of correspondence of nuncios to Poland and other European courts with the Holy See’s Secretariat of State.This work is part of an important trend in Polish historical research in which foreign source materials have been used to explore the history of the Commonwealth. The main source material for this study is the correspondence of apostolic nuncios gathered in Archivio Segreto Vaticano and Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana. The correspondence of papal nuncios to Poland between 1623 and 1635 – Giovanni Battista Lancellotti, Antonio Santacroce, Honoratio Visconti, and partially Mario Filonardi, as well as letters from Secretary of State Francesco Barberini to these nuncios are of particular importance to the topic of research. Moreover, telegrams from papal diplomats residing at the most important courts of modern Europe: in Vienna, Paris, and Madrid, concerning the international situation of the Commonwealth, are valuable supplementary material.Offering an insight into analyses and actions undertaken by papal diplomacy toward the Commonwealth, the book simultaneously shows the Polish-Lithuanian state as a significant part of European political reality.
More...Keywords: law interpretation; cognitive linguistics; grammar; syntax;legislative technique;
The work is devoted to the grammatical plane of the language of the legal acts and the role which it performs in the process of the interpretation of law. The first part of the book contains an introduction to linguistics for lawyers – a brief description of three great trends of 20th-century linguistics, i.e. structural linguistics, transformation-generative linguistics and cognitive linguistics, as well as a discussion of their influence upon jurisprudence. Then there is a description of the peculiar nature of the language of legal acts in the grammatical layer. The second part presents examples of grammatical problems which appear in adjudication, such as: the syntactic structure of a sentence, conjunctions, punctuation, declension categories and conjugation categories. The analysis employed almost two hundred rulings of Polish courts, as well as the Polish- and English-language subject literature. The third part constitutes conclusions drawn from research: a description of the argumentation which refers to the grammar of a regulation, interpretation- and editing-related guidelines, and an analysis of the problems under discussion from the perspective of a linguistic theory known as cognitive grammar. The merit of the work consists in three principal features. Firstly, it engages a problem which heretofore was underexplored in the (Polish and international) literature. Secondly, it skilfully utilises the output of linguistics, and in particular, cognitive linguistics – which heretofore was not tackled in jurisprudence. Thirdly, it was based on large-scale research of the body of rulings of the Polish courts, which also imparts a practical significance to it.
More...Keywords: American literature; violence
More...Keywords: Roman Catholic Church; Public Relations; PR; Critical Discourse Analysis; CDA; discourse; Natanek; Darski; Nergal; Boniecki
Relations between the Roman Catholic Church and the public sphere in Poland have played an important role in socio-political life since the dawn of our statehood. Recently, however, the Church’s situation has become more complex. Its social position, until recently almost unchallenged, gradually decreases. The book is an attempt to answer questions about the causes of this situation. Readers can learn from it about the Church’s functioning in the Polish public sphere, especially in terms of communications (how is the public relations’ social practice recontextualized in it) and discursive strategies utilized. The study employs Critical Public Relations (CPR), the original and interdisciplinary research method presented here for the first time, combining conceptual devices of Public Relations (PR) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It is used to analyze manifestations of communication semiosis of the PR-type established in the Roman Catholic Church in Poland. Through the said analysis, the answer is given to the question of how this semiosis materialized in the multiple “hard” Church social structures (institutions, posts, functions, strategies, procedures, etc.) and how it is operationalized in “soft”, impermanent, though specific and dynamic, communication events in which the Church took part. To this purpose, case studies of Rev. Piotr Natanek, Adam “Nergal” Darski and Rev. Adam Boniecki are carried out. They are considered representative due to the nature of the public debate accompanying them, as well as the quantity of available research material. The events in question are reenacted based on the corpus of texts and audiovisual records from 2007–2017, thoroughly analyzed using a process-oriented case-study method. Interdiscursive analysis facilitated precise identification of various discursive strategies (including semantic shifts, vague relationships, exclusion from discourse, scandal and viral communication), and above all, the struggle of these strategies for hegemony within and outside the Church organization. This indicates the applicability of the proposed analytical approach to future studies of various border areas in the humanities, especially when such interdisciplinarity poses a number of methodological concerns.
More...Keywords: health policy; social inequalities; economic exclusion; social security;social security;
An integral element of social development is the aspiration of individual countries to reduce differences in health condition among individuals representing different social standings. Good health in the community is considered to be one of the basic conditions of a balanced development, it is also an indicator of inner integrity and social balance. Moreover, the state of human health is seen from the perspective of fundamental rights and value especially protected by individual members of the society, as it influences, among others, the process of fulfilling social roles. Health condition of the people of Poland, which is still worse than the average in other countries of the European Union, determines actions undertaken to improve the state of health of Polish society in such a way as to narrow the existing gap between Poland and the average level of health condition in the European Union. A significant challenge for public authorities is also the reduction of social and territorial differences in the state of health of the whole population. Implementing the actions connected with the improvement of health condition of the society and levelling existing inequalities requires, however, access to the results of empirical research. For this reason, it is well-grounded and valuable to conduct empirical and theoretical studies on health policies which also take into consideration economic inequalities. The present work, therefore, undertakes the problem of theoretical aspects of economic exclusion and health inequalities, but the main purpose is to present the results of empirical studies that can offer a better identification of social and economic conditionings of health inequalities on the example of postindustrial space. Thereby, the work is a contribution to an in-depth analysis of health inequalities occurring among individuals affected by economic exclusion and inhabiting a post-industrial space, which undoubtedly the city of Siemianowice Śląskie exemplifies. Social problems that this city faces may in fact be regarded as a conglomerate of problems of post-industrial areas – at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries a coal mine and ironworks in which most inhabitants of the city had been employed were closed down. In consequence, the rate of unemployment reached 30 per cent, and further social problems appeared, especially poverty as well as social and economic exclusion. The monograph consists of four chapters, in which the following issues have been characterised: in Chapter One – reflections on the meaning of the notion of space in social sciences, with emphasis on post-industrial space and its relations with social and economic exclusion; in Chapter Two – social and demographic problems that occur in Siemianowice Śląskie; in Chapter Three – theoretical discussion of the organization and implementation of the research process; in Chapter Four – the results of the empirical research covering the determinants of health state and social and economic inequalities in health among excluded inhabitants of Siemianowice Śląskie. Also, the problem of using health-care system has been discussed here. The publication is addressed at readers interested in the problem of health policy and economic exclusion, governing bodies, especially including the representatives of local authorities, as well as non-governmental institutions.
More...Keywords: new media
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