The semiotics of translation is a relatively young interdisciplinary field whose dominant could lie either in translation studies or in semiotics. As a part of translation studies, the semiotics of translation examines different aspects of translatability, starting with the linguistic worldview and ending with the functioning of a translation text as a cultural text. For translation studies, the semiotic aspect of text analysis — the notion of semiotic coherence — is important. As a part of semiotics, the semiotics of translation is connected with the comparative analysis of sign systems, of functional connections between sign systems and with the study of mutual correlation inside the semiotics of translation. As a part of semiotics, the semiotics of translation has a place both in theoretical and applied semiotics.[...]
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Keywords: textual manifestation; abstracts of scientific papers; translation process; translation of scientific papers; style differences
The present paper fits into the current research on the translation of scientific texts. Its primary aim is to search for the answer to the question whether the conventions in the use of personal and impersonal forms of expression in the abstracts of scientific papers from different research traditions are mutually congruent and whether the style differences should be taken into consideration during the process of translation.
More...Keywords: Fear of compassion; fear of positive emotion; trauma;
All the procedures performed for the individual's mental health are aimed at increasing positive feelings and thoughts and reducing negative feelings and thoughts. But some individuals escape from positive emotions and thoughts and fear them. The sense of compassion may be one of the emotions that some people are afraid of, and try to remove from themselves for different reasons. Fear of compassion is caused by both the lack of compassion and the fear of the presence of compassion. This fear both affects the health of the individual negatively and may cause deterioration of social relations. Fear of compassion is also associated with health problems such as depression, stress, empathy, alexithymia, eating disorder, fear of happiness, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and panic disorder. Any treatment for these problems is closely linked to the identification of fear of compassion to be successful. The origin of fear of compassion is sometimes seen as an important cause of childhood traumas and sometimes the lack of a warm relationship with parents in childhood. The aim of this article is to define the concept of fear of compassion, to explain related concepts, to introduce related measurement tools and to raise awareness of help in this way.
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Keywords: mandatory preventive vaccination; child; criminal sanctions; administrative sanctions
The mandatory vaccination of children raises a lot of controversy in the public space. Anti-vaccination movements have been increasingly active in recent years. The aim of this article is to present the problem of sanctions with regard to mandatory vaccination of children, around which a lot of social and legal controversy has arisen. Sanctions used in connection with the evasion of the obligatory preventive vaccination of children in Poland are analysed. The essence of administrative sanctions in the case of mandatory vaccination of children is considered, as well as the transfer of the execution of this obligation to criminal courts. It is pointed out that absolute distinction has to be drawn between the scope of possibilities of applying administrative sanctions in the course of enforcement proceedings in administration and those provided for in the petty offences law. An analysis of normative acts and the literature on the subject as well as court decisions concerning the presented problem is made. Using a dogmatic-legal method and an analysis of court rulings, it is established that the aim of the application of administrative-law sanctions may only be to compel a person to fulfil an obligation. On the other hand, penalties on the grounds of the petty offences law will be administered for the evasion of obligatory preventive vaccination of children in Poland.
More...Keywords: paratext; Japanese literature; Otherness; translation studies; symbolic capital; linguistic hospitality; Mishima Yukio;
The Other – in our case, Japanese culture – can be (re)constructed by means of translation methods, but also by various paratextual components, which sometimes aim at reimagining its distinctive features, thus creating specific expectations in the minds of the potential readers. Especially paratextual elements are powerful tools when we think about the way the reader is guided in understanding the qualities that highlight the Otherness. This study will focus on some parts of the paratext – book covers and blurbs – that are present in the Romanian translation of Mishima Yukio’s literary work Confessions of a Mask. We shall argue that the blurbs act as a form of recreating Mishima’s literary fame in the Romanian cultural space, while having at the same time the role of stressing the autobiographical content, thus insisting on a specific way of understanding this novel. Additionally, we will demonstrate the fact that the cover design of the has the function of marking the cultural difference, thus enjoining the reader to read the literary work from a specific perspective, while the cover design of the second edition introduces him/her into Mishima’s narrative, laying emphasis on the relation between the figure of Saint Sebastian and the novel as well, which is an aspect that also influences the understanding of the novel.
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Keywords: Embodied cognition; Dance notation; Labanotation; Embodied translation;
This article investigates the repercussions of observing the intersection of translation practice with the physical dimension, in line with current research on embodied cognition. The paper begins with a brief outline of cognitive embodiment outside the field of translation studies before moving on to examining some of the many areas where translation and physicality overlap. The example of dance notation will then be introduced, prompting a series of questions raised by such a practice, questions that will ultimately shed light on an embodied translation practice in general.
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Keywords: automatic translation; text genre; text types; criteria of textuality;
Texts for translation are nowadays more and more numerous, while people making translations for professional purposes or otherwise do not always have training in the field of translation and traductology. Therefore, it is frequently that they resort to automatic translation. This paper will approach a new issue, that has little been studied so far, namely finding out the relationship between gender and text type, and automatic translation, respectively. Within a context where the text has a permanent dynamic, where we deal beside the « classical» texts that can be localized in time and space from the statement viewpoint, with texts close in terms of form, even if they are semantically so very open and up to hypertexts in which the form participates in the construction of the meaning, the criteria of textuality established by text linguistics should be revisited. Thus, there are two types of questions which appear: firstly, what approach should we have to the act of translation, how is it reported to the text and what types of translation operations are mobilized; secondly, how do the genre and type of text to be translated influence the translation. Based on the automatic translation of a text corpus belonging to various genres, this paper will study the conditions of appropriacy of the act of translation carried out by means of software in function of the text genericity. Similarly, we will analyze the relation of the translator resorting to automatic translation as a tool of support with the text being translated. The investigation will comprise scientific texts, as well as literary ones and texts specific to web patterns of communication.
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Keywords: Environments; holistic actions; adaptation; process-based; architecture;art;
The 1960s Environments emerged as artistic practices to question our modern relationship to objects perceived as isolated entities and as products within a market logic; to context, initiative, authority, ethics, and aesthetics. As open, process-based situations, they should allow for a praxis of reappraising demarcations, roles, and concepts in the art, social, and natural world. Environments had an early, but only short influence. To this day, art and architecture continue to be widely shaped by objectifying and reifying processes, even though the limits of the systems they belong to have become obvious in confrontation with a global climate crisis. In this article, the authors re-connect to the earlier artistic and architectural practices with the aim to develop a conceptual approach to adaptive architecture. This architecture is conceived as part of open “Environments,” able to dynamically react with their users to social and environmental challenges, to mediate and reframe the relations between subjects, objects, and the natural world.
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Keywords: Protocol 14;European Convention on Human Rights;European Court of Human Rights;significant damage;single judge
By ratifying the Protocol 14 to the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms by Russia in 2010 as the last member state of the Council of Europe the Protocol has finally come to force making a step forward towards reducing the European Court of Human Rights’ workload. The Protocol 14 introduces some novelties in several fields. It introduces changes concerning the competences of three judge committees, establishes single judge as a new judicial entity and defines a new criterion of admissibility. The changes are also present in friendly settlement as well as in the procedure of execution of judgements. In the paper, the author gives an overview of these novelties considering the possibility for their individual achievement, this also including their individual overall contribution to attaining the purpose for adopting the Protocol 14 as a whole and that is to reduce the Court’s workload and increase the efficiency of its work.
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Keywords: The Anthropocene; sustainability; environmental crisis; Tanja Vujinović; reflexive capital; art and science.
In recent decades we have witnessed technological and scientific progress and breakthroughs at an unprecedented rate. We, as humankind, have become technologically advanced, globally connected, informed, all of which reflect traditional ideas of the steady progress of civilization. But at the same time, we face many challenges brought about by climate change, air pollution, water shortage, extinction of species, and other natural disasters. Through an overview of the concept of the Anthropocene from the perspective of philosophy and critical theory, I will discuss alternative approaches to addressing the ecological crisis. Although the key actors in these endeavors are usually scientists, governments, and multinational corporations, I will examine the ways arts and culture significantly contribute to the projects of crisis mitigation. Finally, I turn to MetaGarden, a series of works created by media artist Tanja Vujinović, which epitomize the visions of a more sustainable future(s).
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Keywords: reality show; television; reality; spectacle; genre; actors;
Development of the reality programmes was originally conceived as an entertaining and documentary concept although now the spectacularising of banalities ''corrodes'' its educational potential, transforming it into an advertainment and the voyeuristic spectator into a passive homo videns. Nevertheless, this hybrid genre revived optimistic prediction about implementing democratic potential of television by focusing on the common man.
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Keywords: the presumption of the innocence;trial principle;criminal procedure;European Union
The presumption of innocence is one of the basic rights of the accused in criminal proceedings. Its essence is that everyone will be considered innocent until their guilt is determined by a final decision of the competent authorities. The subject of this paper is a review and analysis of the relevant provisions of EU Directive 2016/343 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on strengthening certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and the right to participate in criminal proceedings. The application of the adversarial principle is inseparable from the presumption of innocence. This paper aims to point out the importance of the presumption of innocence for modern criminal proceedings and to show the domestic law of the European Union in this area, taking into account the provisions of the said Directive.
More...Keywords: threat; operational capabilities; strategic security environment
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Keywords: communication processes; epistemological simulation; episteme; Jean Baudrillard; ontological simulation; ontos, prognostic measures; social environments; social simulation;
The article presents social simulation from theoretical and philosophical perspectives as a prognostic tool for researching, analysing and anticipating communication and other processes in social environments. The first part discusses the phenomena of ontological and epistemological simulation, treating social simulation processes as epistemological ones. The second part analyses the attitude of the French sociologist and media philosopher Jean Baudrillard towards social simulation, which he himself treats as ontological one. The counterarguments to introduce Baudrillard’s unidentified distinction between ontological and epistemological simulation processes are presented. The third part deals with the principles of the functioning of social simulations as a prognostic tool and provides analytical possibilities for various social environments, communication and other processes. At the end of the article, it is concluded that Baudrillard’s concept of ontological simulation, which annihilates classical Western metaphysics, erroneously reduces the difference between ontos and epistēmē.
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Keywords: metaphor theories; metaphor translation; techniques of metaphor translation;
This paper is a case study of metaphor translation. It focuses on the translation techniques used to render some of the metaphors in Oscar Wilde’s “The Picture of Dorian Grey” into Romanian. The actual case study follows after a brief overview of approaches to metaphor in general and to metaphor translation in particular. The conclusion indicates that there is a diversity of translation techniques that have been used, most of them not based on word-for-word equivalences.
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Keywords: humour theories; resistance; oppression; Murdoch Mysteries; television series; jokes; laughter;
Humour holds a significant role in our lives, making spirits bright and enabling people to overcome the obstacles of their plain daily existence. As a communication phenomenon that embraces countless forms and shapes, humour is widely believed to possess properties of releasing tension and creating good mood. It also operates like some kind of “ice-breaking” tool meant to relax and entertain people, being also connected with interpersonal attraction. For many people who have the capacity of finding humour even in the darkest details of their life, this is an efficient weapon to fight monotony, interpersonal confusion, aand misery (Shibles 1997). Moreover, humour is also a successful nonviolent strategy of resisting injustice and oppression. Thus, mocking the enemy as a way of fighting back has turned into a historic tradition materialised in the public exposure to caricatures, anecdotes, jokes, stand-up sketches in addition to the classic jestering and satire (Sorensen 2008).Exploited by both the mass-media and the film industry, especially in TV series, humour has the potential of responding to the audience’s need to either recognize themselves and their destiny in the fictional characters and plot or to escape from the daily pressures of their unfulfilled lives. Some TV series facilitate access to some performance that is liable to help spectators/viewers to forget about the quotidian worries or they inspire ways of fighting themselves against oppressive situations through humour. Dedicated mostly to youngsters and adapted from a literary work, Murdoch Mysteries TV series fulfils both roles by providing varied samples of humorous language and situations that that can approached from both traditional and modern, up-to-date perspectives. In line with the topic proposed for this paper, we will further review the main theories of humour to the purpose of projecting it as a social tool of resistance to different kinds of oppression.
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Keywords: forensic science; purpose of forensic science; methods; tools; techniques; task of forensic science;
The study deals with introductory notions about forensic science, approaches the concept of forensic science by making a brief history on the development of this science and the laws underlying the development of forensic science. It also examines the conceptual issues of the purpose of forensic science, analysing the views of different scientists on the issue under consideration. Thus, the aim of forensic science is the development of methods, tools, techniques and recommendations for the organisation of practical activities. The general task of forensic science is to provide scientific support for the activities of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime.
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Keywords: project-based learning; retranslation project-based learning; translator training; students’ perspectives;
Project-based learning (PjBL) as a part of a learner-centred constructivist approach has been a subject of interest in translator training. However, there hasn’t been any research on how retranslation might be incorporated into project-based learning in translator training or on what students think of a project-based learning which mainly deals with retranslation. While retranslation is frequently used within the scope of literary translation for the translation of a text several times by different translators and in different historical and socio-cultural contexts, the use of retranslation for educational purposes has not been considered in translator and interpreter training programs of Turkey. Therefore, this study presents a case study with a qualitative research design which examines the perspectives of Turkish students regarding the implementation of the retranslation project-based learning(RPjBL) in translator training. It seeks to report on students’ views through a qualitative analysis of a focus group discussion and students’ retranslation project reports. The main findings of this study include that RPjBL had beneficial outcomes on the increase of students’ awareness and motivation towards translation and the development of understanding of the translation process. More importantly, it was found that RPjBL was perceived as a learning opportunity by students in terms of preparing themselves for their future profession. Students especially emphasized that RPjBL provided an authentic practical translation task and contributed to students’ improvement of mother tongue and foreign language. Apart from this, however, heavy workload, time limitation and less guidance were identified as drawbacks of RPjBLin student’s views. The conclusions of this study suggest that RPjBL offers possible new avenues for students’ learning and empowerment, though its implementation needs some improvement. Further studies might be carried out to assess students’ performance in RPjBL and the use of various types of retranslation as RPjBL.
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