Liberation, Redemption, Autonomy
Liberation, Redemption, Autonomy
Keywords: utopia;utopianism;dystopia;utopian studies;postcolonial theory;postcolonialism;post-Italian;popular music;autonomy;liberation
More...Keywords: utopia;utopianism;dystopia;utopian studies;postcolonial theory;postcolonialism;post-Italian;popular music;autonomy;liberation
More...Keywords: Romania; Great Union; Romanian law; European Union law; national state; nation
The happy context of preparing the country for an exceptional national event - Celebration of the Great Union, Commemorative Year of the Makers of the Great Union of 1918 and the Homage Year of Unity of Faith and Nation throughout Romania and the territories inhabited by Romanians - may also be for Romanian law, the moment of its relaunch, our legal culture. The harmony and consistency of the legal culture, its viability and originality, its romantic and democratic character are expressed in the way that the Romanian scholars, throughout the centuries, from the chroniclers to the exegetes today, comprehensible to their pioneering mission, the creators and leaders of the progress of culture, art and science, have understood to make their political and practical actions - manifested by the establishment of publications, educational institutions and national-cultural societies, with a primary role in the development of the Romanian people's self-consciousness, his great aspirations - a belief in their general activity - creative for the public benefit. Of course, the militant character of our legal culture has often been spoken of as a specific feature, highlighted in all the crucial moments in the history of the Romanian people, a history linked by a nation and a national state, to a particular territory where the earth leaves its way the soul of those who break it.
More...Keywords: Moldova; sovereignity; Kremlin; narratives; communication; information; media; propaganda; Russia; EU; Romania; NATO;
This chapter describes four Kremlin narratives that are hostile to Moldovan sovereignty, namely ’Russkii Mir and Soviet Nostalgia’, ‘Federalization Will Ensure Equality’, ‘The European Union is Bad, Russia’s Customs Union is What You Need’, and ‘Romania and NATO are a Threat to Peace’. These narratives overlap and are often contradictory and contain lies. Still, they share some basic principles—they leverage Moldovan vulnerabilities, touch the emotions of different local audiences, and attempt to develop mistrust toward modern Western countries and Trans-Atlantic values and relationships.
More...The article is devoted to the use of foreign words in „Dziesięcioletnia podróż po Wschodzie” [„The Ten‑Year Journey to the East”], a travel writing account by the 19th century Orientalist and diplomat Ignacy Pietraszewski. The analysis of the saturation of the text with foreign words, particularly of Turkish origin, the methods of their implementation in the text and translation to Polish, as well as the thematic areas to which the words belong allow to reach two conclusions. First, it could be possible to treat the introduction of barbarisms as a way to introduce precision, one of the genre characteristics of travel writing. Second, it would be possible to see them as an enrichment of the primary, according to Pietraszewski, didactic function.
More...Keywords: Russian Federation; Russian Armed Forces; strengthening NATO’s Eastern Flank; military policy;
Rosja intensywnie zwiększa potencjał wojskowy Zachodniego i Południowego Okręgu Wojskowego. Działania te mają charakter strategiczny i nie są jedynie odpowiedzią na decyzje NATO wzmocnienia wschodniej flanki. Stanowią też wyzwanie dla Ukrainy i Białorusi, gdyż Rosjanie zwiększyli liczbę i możliwości bojowe jednostek operujących przy granicach z tymi państwami. Polityka Rosji będzie zmierzała do coraz częstszego wykorzystywania przewagi militarnej do realizacji celów politycznych w Europie Wschodniej, co staje się poważnym problemem dla Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego.
More...Keywords: panegyrism; academic life; values; axiology; Schedel’s printing office
The paper presents the role of the panegyrical texts in transmitting and fixing values in the scientific circle of the 17th century. Literary axiology mostly of the preliminaries and the dedications of some Latin dissertations and scientific works is scrutinized. The analysed texts originate mainly from the Academy of Cracow and were published by the Schedels’ printing house. According to the predominant trends of those times, the early printed books contain the panegyrical dedicational letters, sometimes motivated by gratitude. The authors forge community between their addressee and the readers by recalling the mutual axiological system. Science in the 17th century did not lack moral values and the panegyrical discourse referring to them was an ordinary supplement of the scientific one.
More...Keywords: toponyms;Polish narrative;literary translation;hodonymy
This paper analyzes different translation choices that translators from Polish into Italian make with regard to place names of eleven novels published recently in Italy (literary works of Stasiuk, Tokarczuk, Pilch, Dehnel, Huelle, Tryzna, Grochola, Musierowcz and Kuczok have been considered within this essay). The first two paragraphs provide general information about methodology of research. Then follows the analysis of different classes of geographical names (street names, hydronyms, mountain names, microtoponyms, macrotoponyms). In the last part of the article three categories of translation errors will be discussed.
More...Keywords: World War I; Romanian Army; military doctrine; military attachés; defence line;
At the start of the twentieth century, the Romanian General Staff was busy constructingRomania’s defence doctrine. They were focused on the most probable situations, in whichRomania would be forced to defend itself.The officers of the General Staff used reports from the military attachés in Petersburg andSofia and identified that Dobrogea was targeted by two potential aggressors – Russia andBulgaria.This is why the planners made detailed drafts to those defence plans, focusing on thedifferent defence lines from the Danube Delta to the Black Sea Coast, in the case of a Russianaggression. For southern Dobrogea, a delicate area after the Peace of Bucharest in 1913, afterwhich Romania received the counties of Durostor and Caliacra (or Quadrilateral, as it appearson Romanian military maps) new alinements were viewed as essential for the defence of thearea against the Bulgarians.
More...Keywords: modern armed fight; conventional; asymmetric conflict; irregular conflict; hybrid conflict;
This article addresses the current forms of modern warfare and armed fight based on Toffler’s statement, “The world is constantly changing”. This change of the armed conflict is violent, explosive and very rapid, being like a reaction of the new to the old. The 21st century began in the spirit of this spontaneous reaction by producing structural changes in the concept of the armed fight, by adopting other forms of armed conflict than conventional ones, namely by asymmetric, irregular and hybrid conflicts in the last 10 years. Military conflicts are like a chameleon, they change their colours to adapt to the new transformations of the security environment.
More...Objectives: - To present the main theoretical elements that apply in a company’s international marketing in the present globalization conditions - To form and develop competencies related to conducting the main international marketing activities (how to analyse and how to select a foreign market, how to take marketing decisions for foreign markets, etc.)
More...Objectives: - To understand the innovation process and its diffusion mechanisms - To know the differences between innovation strategies, innovation models - To understand open innovation concepts and innovation governance - To know the innovation assessment indicators - To describe the impact of innovation on services in general and on international finance and international marketing in particular
More...Keywords: Molodova Foreign Trade;
In 2006-2007, several processes took place, the origin of which is due to both internal and external factors. In 2006, for the first time after the recession of 1998-2001, exports declined in value compared to 2005, which is an unusual case for the foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova in recent years. Their value in 2006 totaled 1051.6 million US dollars, which is a reduction of 39.7 million US dollars or 3.6% compared to 2005. It is true that the evolution of exports was directly influenced by the bans imposed. by the Russian Federation on Moldovan exports of agricultural and alcoholic products. But it is also true that the Moldovan economy has not been able to mitigate the impact of barriers imposed by the Russian Federation on the export of Moldovan consignments of goods, whose tariff positions have clearly dominated the structure of our exports in this market.
More...Keywords: arbitration; pandemic coronavirus crisis; virtual tools; remote hearings;
As a result of the coronavirus crisis, it seems inevitable that the number of commercial disputes will increase and, in this environment, arbitration has proved an agile, resilient and also flexible, adaptable mechanism to the challenging times to which it is subjected. However, arbitrations have continued during the crisis not just because of the scope for controversial situations arisen due to pandemic, but also because some court litigations have been postponed or stopped for a while and especially due to the extended court closure arising from the pandemic restrictions. Therefore, the viable solution remained arbitration. Arbitration growth its strength with parties selecting it over litigation for more different practical reasons, even from the negotiation stage, when parties expressed more inclination and interest towards arbitration. The impact of coronavirus has forced arbitral institutions, parties, their counsels and other participants to act and quickly adopt new modern means of electronic case management tools to convene virtual hearings. In this respect, protocols and relevant guidelines to remote procedure have been promulgated in order to offer the necessary flexibility, the tools and a steady mechanism required to resort to arbitration. The arbitral institutions contributed to the arbitration stability and foreseeability by cooperating and issuing guides for the use of the technology in the most effective and efficient possible way, to achieve a world prepared to face this new coronavirus era. That is why we consider that these virtual tools should be adopted also for the future, to benefit of them in the post pandemic era.
More...Keywords: multilingual dictionaries; 19th century lexicography; Vanvin; Polish language; Russian language
The article is a general description of one of the multilingual dictionaries of the 19th century. The recent trend in lexicography has had a long tradition. Vanwin’s Polyglot is a little-known dictionary, but we find references to it in bibliographic reference books, one of which was compiled by the Polish linguist and bibliographer Karol Estreicher (he paid attention to this work while working on the book “Szwargot więzienny”, but did not use it due to lack of access to the edition). Vanvin’s multilingual dictionary reflects the transitional stage of the lexicography at the end of the 18th century and the middle of the 19th century and partly shows the state of national languages and the development of linguistic thought.The dictionary was published in Belgium in 1841. He waited for re-releases in other countries. Now we can find this work in the library catalogs of different countries with the title in French and in English. The full name contains basic information: eight languages and Polish-Russian idioms, nine thousand words, target user (secular person), scope (everyday use in life needs, trade, travel, law, army, navigation, hotel business).The article is a general description of one of the multilingual dictionaries of the 19th century. The recent trend in lexicography has had a long tradition. Vanwin’s “Polyglot” is a little-known dictionary, but we find references to it in bibliographic reference books, one of which was compiled by the Polish linguist and bibliographer Karol Estreicher (he paid attention to this work while working on the book “Szwargot więzienny”, but he did not use because he was not able to access the edition). Vanvin’s multilingual dictionary reflects the transitional stage of lexicography at the end of the 18th century and the mid-19th century and partly highlights the status of national languages and the development of linguistic thought.The dictionary was published in Belgium in 1841. It was also released in other countries. Today, the work can be found in the library catalogues of different countries with the title in French and English. The full name already provided some basic information: eight languages and Polish-Russian idioms, nine thousand words, target user (secular person), scope (everyday use in life needs, trade, travel, law, army, navigation, hotel business).The distribution of linguistic material in the dictionary follows the ideographic principle. Vocabulary organisation in sections is alphabetical (on the basis of the French alphabet). Our attention was given to the Polish and Russian parts. To cover these two Slavic languages, the author studied the works of E. I. Oldekop, V. N. Tatishchev, O. Kopczyńsky. By the form of transliteration of entries, as well as by comparing the meanings of words and phrases, it is clear that the author experienced obvious difficulties with the Russian part. His “mistakes” are valuable for us because they allow the restoration of the etymology of, for example, jargons.In addition, this lexicographic work furnishes country-specific cultural information. Similar dictionaries can only serve as additional sources for the study of interlingual relations.
More...Keywords: Timisoara; economic history; social history; memoirs;
Există mai multe feluri de „administratori” ai memoriei unui loc : unii sunt istoricii înșiși; alții, interesați de lucrările celor dintâi, văd istoria din cărți prelungită prin istoria pe care memoria lor sau a generațiilor anterioare, cunoscute de ei, le-a livrat-o ca memorie familială (spre exemplu : George Vaida sau Oscar Schwartz). Sunt apoi scriitorii care, trăind sau trecând printr-un loc, consemnează impresii, se identifică prin apartenența la un spațiu, îl invocă, îl ridică la rang de reper ficțional al unei mitologii personale, al unei geografii spirituale. Sunt apoi muzeografii, arhitecții, istoricii artei, care administrează și selectează un patrimoniu, atașându-i un discurs prin care își definesc selecția care și face parte la rândul său din memoria trăită a unui loc.
More...Keywords: law enforcement; public safety; biological threat; trust; strategy;
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that both state structures and citizens have not been prepared to face up a biological threat. The hesitant way in which, at first, action was taken to limit the spread of the new virus led to the emergence of situations that changed the relationship between the state and the population. The trust of a part of the citizens in the state structures has been altered, especially because of the restrictions imposed to limit the spread of the virus. Those who are in direct contact with citizens and who apply these restrictions are the law enforcement and other forces protecting public order and safety. At present, the countries of the world are in a position to think over some strategy meant to restore the confidence of their population in these forces. This distrust, along with conspiracy theories, endangers national and regional security because it is the ground for the proliferation of populism and extremism. The paper presents the sticking points of the relationship between the citizens and the law enforcement and public safety forces that a strategy at the state and regional level should solve in order to restore a level of trust at which security is ensured.
More...Keywords: Ukrainian special operations forces; Battle of Kyiv; Ukrain resistance;
The analysis of Ukrainian special operations forces’ capabilities is an important endeavor in studying the development of the war from Ukraine – as a consequence of the Russian Army invasion, in February 24, 2022. The actions of the Ukrainian elite military forces contributed to the failure of the initial Russian military planners’ strategic aims. National Ukrainian Army initiated the preparations to defend against an invasion force of the Russian Federation Armed Forces of 200,000 militaries, grouped in tactical units around the Ukrainian borders. Special operations Ukrainian forces had the significant role of stopping Moscow’s objectives established at the beginning of the Russian invasion and of obtaining these remarkable results within the fights against the Russian army’s units; they stood out, especially within the planned action of defeating the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv. The role of Ukrainian special operations forces within the war in Ukraine consisted in bold actions behind the adversaries’ lines, resulting in destroying certain command points and in eliminating several important commanders from the command chain of the Russian Federation invasion forces. Ukrainian special operations forces engaged efficiently the fight with the Russian elite forces that landed in the neighborhood of Kyiv and also blocked the military actions that intending to get the control over certain strategic objectives.Interrupting the logistic flow of the Russian Armed Forces, destroying the Russian logistic centers from Ukrainian and Russian territory, as well as organizing resistance cells for guerrilla fight within the Ukrainian territories occupied by the Russians are among the successful missions of the Ukrainian special operations forces. The endeavor of the current article is to analyze the Ukrainian special operations force’ transformation process since 2014 – an evolution from a structure specific for the „Spetsnaz” and Soviet Union (U.R.S.S) to the current capabilities and modern endowment, driven upon a development & training program, commonly developed with special forces units from NATO armies.
More...Keywords: money laundering Romanian crime; organized crime; public order; Russia’s war in Ukraine
The new geopolitical and geostrategic realities in the context of the war in Ukraine led to the exacerbation of common law crime and white collar crime and they represent a threat to National Security by making the integrated defence systems of National Security and public order vulnerable. An increase of corruption among civil servants and law enforcements led to the development of some unlawful underground economies powered by the war of Ukraine. Consequently, it results in a “sick” economy with direct effects on the regular citizen amplified by the arisal of new methods and forms of committing a crime in the context of the globalization of criminality which represent both a plague of this millenium and the biggest threat to the “healthy” development of a democratic state. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the legislative acquis and the system of public order and national security in order to fight against criminality in the context of new challenges that feed the anomie in society.
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