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The controversial US withdrawal from the Iranian nuclear deal and its international consequences

Author(s): Miroslav Tůma / Language(s): English

Keywords: USA; Iran; JCPOA; Donald Trump; Israel; US Threats; nuclear weapons;

On May 8, 2018, US President Donald Trump went through with his threat and, this time, has not submitted his certification of the implementation of the Iranian nuclear agreement to the US Congress for approval. According to Trump, the document is the “worst deal” of Obama Democratic administration. He made his negative decision despite Iranʼs positive performance in the inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

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Two important summits of President Trump and nuclear disarmament expectations

Author(s): Miroslav Tůma / Language(s): English

Keywords: Donald Trump; Security policy; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; Russia; Nuclear arms; Kim Jong-un; denuclearization; Vladimir Putin; American-Soviet treaty INF;

Somewhat surprisingly, in a relatively short time interval, approximately over the course of one month in the middle of this year, two important meetings of the American President Donald Trump were held with the highest representatives of two countries which pose long-term security problems to the USA: the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (hereinafter the DPRK) and the Russian Federation (hereinafter the RF). The meeting with the North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un was held on June 12, 2018 in Singapore, and that with the Russian President Vladimir Putin on July 16, 2018 in Helsinki.

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Is There a Threat of a Repeated Deployment of Nuclear “Eurorockets” From the Cold War Period in Europe?

Author(s): Miroslav Tůma / Language(s): English

Keywords: Cold War history; INF Treaty; security; USA; Russia;

Will the U.S. unilateral withdrawal from the American-Soviet INF Treaty of 1987 become a possible reality? The Treaty prohibits ground-launched shorter and the middle-range missiles (500–5,500 kms) with nuclear or conventional warheads. The Treaty´s security significance and its main parameters, the legal framework of the withdrawal and the reasons of both parties for accusing each other of violating the Treaty, are discussed in the article as well. In its conclusion the article, among other things, explains the context of the possible termination of the Treaty, and its consequences for the U.S.-Russia arms-control architecture.

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Free Willy! Japan Resumes Commercial Whale Hunting

Author(s): Veronika Bílková / Language(s): English

Keywords: Commercial Whale Hunting; Japan; protection of whales; international law;

In late 2018, Japan announced that it would withdraw from the International Convention on the Regulation of Whaling and leave the International Whaling Commission. It did so due to its disapproval of the ban on commercial whaling, which has been in force for the Parties of the Convention since 1986, and to its decision to resume whale hunt since the summer of 2019. This reflection first gives an overview of the evolution and the structure of the international legal regime related to whaling and of the history of Japan’s relationship with this regime. It then shows that the Japan’s attempt to justify the resumption of commercial whaling by the principle of sustainable use of living marine resources cannot be successful for both practical and normative reasons.

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The Regional Format 16+1: Early Rusting, Still Alive and Expanding Into 17+1

Author(s): Rudolf Fürst / Language(s): English

Keywords: 16+1 format; 17+1; EU-China competitive tension; USA; CEE;

The sub-regional multilateral format of China and 16 post-communist states (16+1) proved that it could last seven years and that it has the potential to absorb new members. Consequently, the European Union is increasingly concerned about its potentially divisive effects on the EU’s unity. The expected economic benefits of 16+1 for the European partners have been scarcely relevant; still, the European states exploit the 16+1 format for strengthening their bilateral agendas with China. Amidst the trade war with China, the US regards China’s rising influence in Central Europe as a political issue. Beijing’s priority in Europe is to calm down the tension with the EU, Germany, and France over the 16+1 platform. However, the accession of Greece to the enlarged format of 17+1 in the recent 16+1 summit in Dubrovnik and the gaining of support for the Belt and Road Initiative in Italy enable China to establish its foothold on the European South’s doorstep in connection with the 17+1 regional platform.

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The Syrian Safe Zone and International Law

Author(s): Bríd Ní Ghráinne / Language(s): English

Keywords: International law; Safe-zone; Turkey; Syria; returning refugees;

On Wednesday 9 October 2019, Turkey launched a cross-border operation in Northern Syria. Turkey justified its actions as a response to an ‘imminent terrorist threat’ from Kurdish-led forces. Its operation was directed at pushing back these groups from its border and creating a ‘safe zone’ in Syria where up to two million Syrian refugees can be resettled. This reflection aims to assess (i) whether the Turkish operation to establish the safe zone was lawful; and (ii) whether the resettlement of Syrian refugees in the safe zone is in conformity with international law.

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Common Fears, Common Opportunities? Czechia and Norway in the Changing International Context

Author(s): Kristin Haugevik,Benjamin Tallis,MORTEN S. ANDERSEN,Mark Galeotti,Jakub Godzimirski,Jan Mazač,ØYVIND SVENDSEN,Elena ZHIRUKHINA / Language(s): English

Keywords: Czechia; Norway; disorder; institutional fear; security; NATO; energy security;

“Every change of scene requires new expositions, descriptions, explanations,” Milan Kundera once observed. With long-dominant structures in flux, European states – and perhaps smaller ones in particular – are now forced to rethink their foreign policy approaches and practices. While the changing international context has generally created anxiety and uncertainty, fear can also have productive effects. It can create opportunities – and incentives – for re-assessing as well as for diversifying and intensifying support networks and reaching out to new partners.

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Series:Policy Brief

The controversial US withdrawal from the Iranian nuclear deal and its international consequences

The controversial US withdrawal from the Iranian nuclear deal and its international consequences

Two important summits of President Trump and nuclear disarmament expectations

Two important summits of President Trump and nuclear disarmament expectations

Is There a Threat of a Repeated Deployment of Nuclear “Eurorockets” From the Cold War Period in Europe?

Is There a Threat of a Repeated Deployment of Nuclear “Eurorockets” From the Cold War Period in Europe?

Free Willy! Japan Resumes Commercial Whale Hunting

Free Willy! Japan Resumes Commercial Whale Hunting

The Regional Format 16+1: Early Rusting, Still Alive and Expanding Into 17+1

The Regional Format 16+1: Early Rusting, Still Alive and Expanding Into 17+1

The Syrian Safe Zone and International Law

The Syrian Safe Zone and International Law

Common Fears, Common Opportunities? Czechia and Norway in the Changing International Context

Common Fears, Common Opportunities? Czechia and Norway in the Changing International Context