Series:BISS - ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ

MODELS OF INTERACTION OF AUTHORITY AND SOCIAL GROUPS IN MEDIA MESSAGES (according to the results of content analysis of "SB")

МОДЕЛИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ВЛАСТИ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ГРУПП В СООБЩЕНИЯХ СМИ (по результатам контент-анализа «СБ»)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Belarusian

Keywords: oviet Belarus; newspaper in Belarus;

The content of the newspaper "Soviet Belarus" was analyzed for 1 year: from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008. A stratified nested sample was used: the total number of newspaper issues published in 1 year was divided by month, within each month five homogeneous strata were formed (issues published on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday); one number was randomly selected from each loss. Inside the issue of the newspaper, all materials were viewed and those in which the object of attention was the interaction of the authorities (or individual representatives of this or that institution of power) and any social group (or individual representatives of this or that group) were selected for analysis.

CASES OF BELARUSIAN NATIONALS AT THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

ДЕЛА ГРАЖДАН БЕЛАРУСИ В ЕВРОПЕЙСКОМ СУДЕ ПО ПРАВАМ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Author(s): Andrei Yeliseyeu / Language(s): Belarusian

Belarus is the only country in Europe which is not a member state of the Council of Europe; accordingly, it is not subject to the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR, the judicial authority of the Council of Europe, established in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), 1950). Yet the nationals of our country may lodge complaints with the Strasbourg Court against the governmental agencies of the 47 member countries of the Council of Europe. And they do exercise this right. For example, the ruling of the ECtHR on the complaint lodged by the public activist Igor Koktysh against Ukraine got widely publicized in the media, as well as the ruling on the complaint of one of the key figures in the Belarusian customs corruption case, Pavel Molotchko1, lodged by him also against Ukraine.

CASES OF BELARUSIAN NATIONALS AT THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

CASES OF BELARUSIAN NATIONALS AT THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Andrei Yeliseyeu / Language(s): English

Belarus is the only country in Europe which is not a member state of the Council of Europe; accordingly, it is not subject to the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR, the judicial authority of the Council of Europe, established in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), 1950). Yet the nationals of our country may lodge complaints with the Strasbourg Court against the governmental agencies of the 47 member countries of the Council of Europe. And they do exercise this right. For example, the ruling of the ECtHR on the complaint lodged by the public activist Igor Koktysh against Ukraine got widely publicized in the media, as well as the ruling on the complaint of one of the key figures in the Belarusian customs corruption case, Pavel Molotchko1, lodged by him also against Ukraine.

POSSIBILITIES OF APPROXIMATION OF BELARUSIAN LAW WITH EU LAW WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ АППРОКСИМАЦИИ ПРАВА БЕЛАРУСИ С ПРАВОМ ЕС В РАМКАХ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ

Author(s): Maxim Karliuk / Language(s): Belarusian

This paper analyzes the prospects of approximation, or rapprochement, of the law of the Republic of Belarus with the law of the European Union (EU) in connection with the country's chosen path to Eurasian integration. Many non-EU states approximate national law with EU law, often to gain economic benefits, such as, for example, improved access to the EU internal market. The same benefits could be acquired by Belarus in the event of the start of a full-fledged process of approximation. However, there was no political will for this in Belarus, and now, due to the development of Eurasian integration, many areas are regulated at the integration level.

HUMAN CAPITAL: YOU CAN'T GO, YOU CAN'T STAY. MIGRATION AND MIGRATION ATTITUDES OF BELARUSIANS THROUGH THE PRISM OF SOCIOLOGY

ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ: УЕХАТЬ НЕЛЬЗЯ ОСТАТЬСЯ МИГРАЦИЯ И МИГРАЦИОННЫЕ НАСТРОЕНИЯ БЕЛОРУСОВ ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ СОЦИОЛОГИИ

Author(s): Elena Artemenko,Andrei Yeliseyeu,Vladimir Dunaev / Language(s): Belarusian

This study continues the cycle of BISS works "Human capital as a factor of competitiveness and modernization" and is based on the results of a national survey (December 2012 - January 2013), commissioned by the Belarusian Institute of Strategic Studies. Based on the data we received (it should be noted that the topic of migration was secondary in the questionnaire), as well as the available results of other public opinion studies on the topic of migration, BISS offers several preliminary conclusions.

BELARUS-EU: WHAT THE READMISSION AGREEMENT WILL LEAD TO

БЕЛАРУСЬ-ЕС: К ЧЕМУ ПРИВЕДЕТ СОГЛАШЕНИЕ О РЕАДМИССИИ

Author(s): Andrei Yeliseyeu / Language(s): Belarusian

The study is devoted to the description of the essence of the readmission agreements and the analysis of the consequences of the alleged readmission agreement between Belarus and the European Union. The issue of the readmission agreement is key in the field of visa facilitation. Based on the analysis of the parameters of illegal migration through the territory of Belarus and the assessment of the validity of similar EU agreements with Russia and Ukraine, the paper estimates the likely number of third-country nationals and stateless persons that Belarus would accept from EU countries within the framework of the readmission agreement.

HUMAN CAPITAL: VENTURE PROJECTS IN BELARUS

ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ: ВЕНЧУРНЫЕ ПРОЕКТЫ В БЕЛАРУСИ

Author(s): Olga Malashenkova / Language(s): Bosnian

This study is part of the BISS project "Human Capital in Belarus: Sources of Competitiveness and Modernization". In this article, based on the comparison of world experience and Belarusian practice of implementing venture projects, analysis of normative legal acts of Belarus, as well as other conditions of activity of the venture industry; problems are identified and the development of venture investments in the country is assessed, proposals are formulated to eliminate some of the specified barriers.

HUMAN CAPITAL: THE CURRENT STATE OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND INNOVATIVE COMPLEX AND THE SPECIFICITY OF DECISION-MAKING IN THE INNOVATION POLICY

ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ: АКТУАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ НАУЧНО-ИННОВАЦИОННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА И СПЕЦИФИКА ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЯ В ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ

Author(s): Andrey Shuman / Language(s): Belarusian

This study is part of the BISS project "Human Capital in Belarus: Sources of Competitiveness and Modernization". The purpose of the work is to determine the current state of the scientific and innovative complex and to reveal the specifics of decision-making in the innovative policy of the Republic of Belarus. Based on the works of the "Human capital" cycle, BISS plans to prepare direct proposals to the government that will contribute to improving the state of the scientific and innovative potential of Belarus.

THE SHADOW ECONOMY OF BELARUS IN A REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE

ТЕНЕВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА БЕЛАРУСИ В РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ

Author(s): Alexei Pikulik,Elena Artemenko / Language(s): Belarusian

Keywords: shadow economy in Belarus; corrupotion;

The study is devoted to the analysis of the public perception of the shadow economy and the assessment of citizens' involvement in shadow activities. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate and analyze the results of representative opinion polls conducted in May-June 2015 simultaneously in Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland and Sweden. BISS acted as a member of the research consortium, which was organized and worked under the leadership of the Lithuanian Free Market Institute of Lithuania (LLRI). The study uses a "narrow" interpretation of the term "shadow economy", which includes the market production of exclusively legal goods and services that are deliberately hidden from state authorities. The uniqueness of this study is both in the wide regional coverage (six countries at the same time) and in the unification of the analysis methodology. The surveys were conducted by the research company SprinterResearch using the CAWI (ComputerAssistedWebInterview) method. The total sample consisted of 6,035 respondents, the sample for Belarus — 1,002 (18-75 years old, structured by gender, age and type of settlements).

NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF BELARUS: A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE MAIN TRENDS

NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF BELARUS: A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE MAIN TRENDS

Author(s): Alexander Avtushko-Sikorsky / Language(s): Belarusian

The main difficulty in the analysis of Belarus’s competitiveness lies in the fact that the main international rankings measuring competitiveness, namely, those by the Institute of Management and Development (IMD) and the World Economic Forum (WEF), do not include Belarus in their calculations because of their insufficient confidence in its statistics. This brings about a challenge of the quantitative evaluation of the degree of Belarus’s competitiveness, which can be addressed two ways. One of them envisages an independent calculation of Belarus’s ranks in the IMD and WEF rankings on the basis of their methodology. This technique was made use of by CASE Belarus, which assessed Belarus’s competitiveness based upon the WEF methodology (see Akulič, Valietka, Naŭrodski, Suškievič, 2015). Assessments were made only for the periods 2012–2013 and 2013–2014.

IMPROVING THE NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF BELARUS: WHAT GOVERNMENTAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ARE MISSING

IMPROVING THE NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF BELARUS: WHAT GOVERNMENTAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ARE MISSING

Author(s): Alexander Avtushko-Sikorsky / Language(s): English

This study, conducted within the REFORUM project, analyzes the substance of governmental development programs with a view to identifying any missing dimensions, which, if implemented, could have sufficient capacity to encourage improvements in the national competitiveness of Belarus. The analytical framework of the study envisages that areas of activities incorporated in programs will ultimately target, to a greater or lesser degree, improvements in the indicators of the socalled components of national competitiveness — qualitative and quantitative parameters characterizing its level. The list of the components of competitiveness has been drawn up based upon the methodology of the World Economic Forum.

IMPROVING THE NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF BELARUS: WHAT GOVERNMENTAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ARE MISSING

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ СТРАНОВОЙ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ БЕЛАРУСИ: ЧТО УПУСКАЮТ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ПРОГРАММЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Author(s): Alexander Avtushko-Sikorsky / Language(s): Russian

This study, conducted within the REFORUM project, analyzes the substance of governmental development programs with a view to identifying any missing dimensions, which, if implemented, could have sufficient capacity to encourage improvements in the national competitiveness of Belarus. The analytical framework of the study envisages that areas of activities incorporated in programs will ultimately target, to a greater or lesser degree, improvements in the indicators of the socalled components of national competitiveness — qualitative and quantitative parameters characterizing its level. The list of the components of competitiveness has been drawn up based upon the methodology of the World Economic Forum.

ON STRATEGIC COOPERATION BETWEEN BELARUS AND UKRAINE: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES

К СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОМУ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВУ БЕЛАРУСИ И УКРАИНЫ: ВЫГОДЫ И ВЫЗОВЫ

Author(s): Andrey Scriba / Language(s): Russian

Belarus and Ukraine play important individual roles in matters of security and stability in Eastern Europe. After the collapse of the USSR, these two countries were objects of increased attention and interest from various global and regional players. The European Union saw them as a platform for further spreading its norms, using the strategy of gradually "pulling" Minsk and Kyiv into the orbit of its influence (Neighborhood Policy, Eastern Partnership). Some EU countries from the region of Eastern Europe, ready to share the experience of economic reforms and democratic transformations, had similar, although in some ways, their own interests. In turn, Russia's influence in the post-Soviet space was extremely important from the point of view of its status as a great power. The events in Georgia (2008) and Ukraine (2014) showed that it is not possible to preserve this influence due to its own soft power, and in the face of the threat of its loss, Moscow is ready to take extreme and harshest measures. The United States also has its own views on Eastern Europe; China's commercial interests are gradually penetrating the region.

REFORM. ALTERNATIVE VIEW: CIVIL SOCIETY AND POLITICAL OPPOSITION HAVE A PARTICULAR ATTITUDE TO REFORMS IN BELARUS

РЕФОРУМ. АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД: У ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ОППОЗИЦИИ ОСОБОЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К РЕФОРМАМ В БЕЛАРУСИ

Author(s): Elena Artemenko / Language(s): Russian

In the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, the third sector played an important role in the transformation processes: as an aggregator of public interests and their lobbyist, as a source of expertise and a partner in promoting the idea of reform. In Belarus, due to state restrictions and dependence on foreign aid, the third sector has been in a rather vulnerable position for a long time and has limited influence on the situation in the country. In the conditions when the dialogue with the West is established by the Belarusian authorities without the need to attract mediators in the form of representatives of civil society or the political opposition, the third sector risks falling out of the process of transformation of Belarusian institutions. The study of the attitude of civil society and political opposition to reforms in the country allows us to assess their potential role in reformation and the opportunity to join the transformation process, if such an opportunity presents itself. As part of the "REFORUM" project, BISS conducted a survey of the opinions of representatives of public organizations and the political opposition, the subject of which was the attitude of civil society to reforms in Belarus. It makes it possible to assess the change in attitudes towards reforms during 2014-2015, as well as to compare the results with the survey among representatives of other groups: the population as a whole, officials and entrepreneurs

FACTORS OF REPRODUCTIVE DECISION IN BELARUSIANS

ФАКТОРЫ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВЫБОРА БЕЛОРУСОВ

Author(s): Elena Artemenko / Language(s): Russian

Declining fertility is a common problem for many European countries. Improving the demographic situation is also one of the priorities of state policy in Belarus. The reduction of the population has many negative consequences, starting from economic ones ("the average annual cost of human life" according to data in 2012 was 3,883 US dollars, ending with the reduction of the mobilization resource for the Armed Forces. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the reproductive attitudes of the population and the reason for their formation in solving the demographic problem.

MONITORING OF REFORMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS. Analytical report

МОНИТОРИНГ РЕФОРМ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ. Аналитический отчет

Author(s): Alexander Avtushko-Sikorsky,Alexander Kozlov,Alexei Pikulik,Elena Artemenko / Language(s): Russian

This issue of monitoring covers 16 key spheres of politics, economy and society. The spheres were chosen taking into account their significance for the successful further socio-economic development of Belarus, as well as taking into account the conditional "criticality" regarding the need for reforms. A number of areas that were also proposed to be evaluated by experts are mentioned and described, but are not included in the evaluation part of the monitoring, since no changes were recorded in them during the analyzed period of October-December 2016. These areas will also be included in subsequent monitoring releases. In addition, taking into account the wishes and recommendations of experts, a number of other areas will be included in subsequent monitoring issues. More than 40 experts took part in the expert poll necessary for the monitoring. The Belarusian Institute of Strategic Studies thanks the experts who agreed to take part in the survey, and will be glad to see them among the survey participants in the next issues.

FROM "SICK" TO "HEALTH". NATIONALISM

АД «ХВОРАГА» ДА «ЗДАРОВАГА». НАЦЫЯНАЛІЗМУ

Author(s): Peter Rudkovsky / Language(s): Belarusian

By "Belarusianization" we will understand here the process of strengthening the Belarusian national identity in public consciousness by affirming the importance of the Belarusian language, as well as promoting the narrative and symbols that emphasize the historical and cultural identity of Belarusians. The main focus of the study is the role and position of the state in this process, however, grassroots initiatives of various kinds cannot be left out of consideration – not only to pay tribute to civil society, but also because state policy cannot be considered in isolation from social processes.

BELARUSIAN LANGUAGE: 1918 – 2018. On the example of education and printing

БЕЛАРУСКАЯ МОВА: 1918 – 2018. На прыкладзе адукацыі і друку

Author(s): Andrey Rosinsky / Language(s): Belarusian

The purpose of this study is to visually show language changes in Belarus over a hundred years (1918-2018) using the example of printing and education. The first part of the work is devoted to printing: books, magazines and newspapers, their number and circulation in individual languages. In the second part, we will consider the processes in the field of education. In particular, preschool education, secondary education and training in higher educational institutions will be taken into account.

TOWARD A NEW BELARUS: TRANSFORMATION FACTORS

TOWARD A NEW BELARUS: TRANSFORMATION FACTORS

Author(s): Sergey Krivecky,Nicolas Butylin,Andrey Tarasevich,Jakub Dynko,Vadim Mojeiko,Tadeo Julián / Language(s): English

The main purpose of this research is to identify factors that are relevant to political transformation in Belarus. There are four types of factors: (a) conducive to the collapse of an autocracy; (b) preventing an autocracy from collapse; (c) conducive to democratization; (d) impeding democratization. Let us emphasize that the collapse of autocracy is by no means tantamount to the emergence of stable democracy. The overthrow of an autocrat does not automatically lead to democracy, in fact, in most cases a new autocracy emerges from the ruins of an old one. The most recent history of Myanmar, Kyrgyzstan or Tunisia shows how problematic the post-authoritarian period is and how serious the risk is of the emergence of a new form of autocracy. This is why it is important to distinguish between factors of overcoming an autocracy and factors of democratization.

Secularism, Emancipation and Geopolitics. Values of Belarusians through the lens of Christian Welzel

Секулярызм, Эмансіпацыя і Геапалітыка. Каштоўнасці беларусаў праз прызму канцэпцыі Кристиана Вельцеля

Author(s): Peter Rudkovsky,Yana Horabetskaya,Vitaly Tsygankov / Language(s): Belarusian

The publication of the results of the review aroused keen interest of the public and the media; based on the review, many reports, interviews and journalistic texts appeared2. At the same time, extensive research was conducted on value transformations in Belarusian society. In September 2021, Belarusian sociologist Genadz Korshunov published on the website of the "BEROC" analytical center the results of a comparative analysis of value shifts for the years 1990-2020 in six areas: family, friends, free time, work, politics and religion3. BISS focused on a multifaceted study of the values of Belarusians - one that would take into account as many indicators as possible and that these indicators would be interconnected. For this purpose, we used the concept of "human empowerment" (human empowerment) of the German political scientist, director of the Association of World Values Survey (WVS) Christian Welzel.