Series:CEPS Paperback Series

The European Transformation of Modern Turkey

The European Transformation of Modern Turkey

Author(s): Kemal Derviş,Michael Emerson,Daniel Gros,Sinan Ülgen / Language(s): English

Keywords: Economics and Foreign Policy Forum (EFPF); Turkey’s full EU-membership ; European Union ; potential for economic convergence ; membership negotiations;

The outcome of a research project carried out by CEPS and the Economics and Foreign Policy Forum (EFPF) of Istanbul, this book examines in detail the challenges and opportunities that would arise with Turkey’s full membership of the European Union. The authors, consisting of both Turkish and West European experts, address such controversial issues as Turkey’s cost to Europe, the potential for economic convergence and the implications of Turkish membership for the future of Europe. The authors also identify the areas where a closer cooperation between Turkey and the EU in advance of full membership would be advantageous for both parties. They focus with this aim on a set of measures ranging from ‘virtual membership’ in certain policy areas to more specific transition policies. In short, this book gives a clear picture about the nature of the topics and the issues that would dominate full membership negotiations with Turkey.

Readings in European Security. Volume 3

Readings in European Security. Volume 3

Author(s): / Language(s): English,French

Keywords: Russia and the West; Homeland Security; European Balkans; European Arms Supply for China; Iran Nuclear Programme;

This volume of Readings in European Security contains the papers commissioned for presentation and discussion at the meetings of the CEPS-IISS European Security Forum (ESF) in the period from January 2003 to June 2005. They have been previously published in the European Security Forum Working Paper series, Nos. 16-20. CEPS and IISS gratefully acknowledge financial support received for the European Security Forum from the Compagnia di San Paolo, the US Mission to the EU and NATO.

Democratisation in the European Neighbourhood

Democratisation in the European Neighbourhood

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: Democratisation; European Neighbourhood; process of democratisation; EU enlargement; Orange, Rose and Cedar Revolutions; European CIS states; Mediterranean Arab world; comprehensive critique;

This is the first state-of-the-art work on the process of democratisation in the wider European neighbourhood since the seminal events of 2004, with the EU's enlargement and the Orange, Rose and Cedar Revolutions beyond. Covering both the European CIS states and the Mediterranean Arab world, leading experts from these regions interpret the recent revolutions and prospects for further democratisation in the European neighbourhood. These analyses are accompanied by a comprehensive critique of the EU as promoter of democracy.

The Prospect of Deep Free Trade between the European Union and Ukraine

The Prospect of Deep Free Trade between the European Union and Ukraine

Author(s): Michael Emerson,T. Huw Edwards,Ildar Gazizullin,Matthias Lücke,Daniel Müller-Jentsch,Vira Nanivska,Valeriy Pyatnitskiy,Andreas Schneider,Rainer Schweickert,Oleksandr Shevtsov,Olga Shumylo-Tapiola / Language(s): English

Keywords: Ukraine-EU relations;

Report prepared in fulfilment of contract 2005/S 89-085795 of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Trade on the economic feasibility, general economic impact and implications of a free trade agreement between the European Union and Ukraine.

Readings in European Security. Volume 4

Readings in European Security. Volume 4

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This fourth volume of Readings in European Security contains the papers commissioned for presentation and discussion at the meetings of the European Security Forum (ESF) in the period from January 2006 to February 2007. They have been previously published in the European Security Forum Working Paper series, Nos. 21-25. The Edidors gratefully acknowledge financial support received for the European Security Forum from the Compagnia di San Paolo, DCAF, NATO, the Open Society Institute and the US Mission to the EU.

Travels among Europe's Muslim Neighbours. The Quest for Democracy

Travels among Europe's Muslim Neighbours. The Quest for Democracy

Author(s): Joost Lagendijk,Jan Marinus Wiersma / Language(s): English

Keywords: Europe’s Muslim Neighbours ; Quest for Democracy ; European Islam ; Challenges for Society ; European Foreign Policy ;

In Travels among Europe’s Muslim Neighbours – The Quest for Democracy, two Dutch Members of the European Parliament, Joost Lagendijk and Jan Marinus Wiersma, report on their talks with leading politicians of democratic and moderate Islamist convictions in the Balkans, Turkey, Egypt and Morocco. Their accounts have a vivid quality that gives the reader the sense of having been part of their missions. The underlying theme is the search for ways in which Europe’s Muslim neighbourhood might eventually become more democratic, rather than remain – at least in the case of the Arab Mediterranean states – ruled by largely authoritarian regimes. The role of democratic Turkey as an important reference throughout the region is highlighted. The authors also argue the case for EU policy to engage in dialogue with all democratic parties in the region, including in particular the Muslim democrats, which is not the case at the moment. The book complements two other related works recently published by CEPS: European Islam – Challenges for Society and Public Policy and Political Islam and European Foreign Policy.

Readings in European Security. Volume 2

Readings in European Security. Volume 2

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: Transatlantic defence-industrial cooperation; American policy; Military policy; Use of force; Nuclear non-proliferation regime; Turkey and EU; Old and New Europe;

This second volume of Readings in European Security vividly reflects the continuing changes that profoundly affect the factors shaping the security of the European continent. For a historian in the future, thework undertaken by the CEPS-IISS European Security Forum since 2001will appear in sharp contrast to the sort of issues that were at the heart of security concerns during the 1970s and 1980s, dominated by East-West confrontation.This second volume of Readings in European Security contains the complete set of working papers commissioned by the CEPS–IISS European Security Forum in 2003 (Nos. 10-15), during a period of profound change in the international security environment. These papers illuminate the big issues in European security such as the recently unveiled European security strategy, pre-emptive military action and the future of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. In-depth analysis is provided on Europe’s approach to regions such as Turkey and the Greater Middle East. Independent experts present EU, US and Russian viewpoints on each topic. Each set of papers is prefaced by an Introduction by the Chairman, François Heisbourg, Director of the Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique in Paris.

The elephant and the bear try again. Options for a new agreement between the EU and Russia

The elephant and the bear try again. Options for a new agreement between the EU and Russia

Author(s): Nadezhda Arbatova,Timofei Bordachev,Andrey S. Makarychev,Fabrizio Tassinari,Marius Vahl,Michael Emerson / Language(s): English

Keywords: EU; Russia; International relations; New agreement; Economic policy; Common Economic Space;

The year 2007 marks the tenth anniversary of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) between the EU and Russia. At their Sochi summit in May 2006, the two parties agreed to work towards a new agreement to replace the PCA. This book explores whether the EU and Russia could make a better job of their strained relationship, which, while peaceful, is nevertheless characterized by mounting grumbles on both sides over how to govern oil and gas trade and investment, through to issues of democratic values and divergent approaches to such countries as Georgia and Ukraine in their overlapping neighborhoods. The book presents the views of independent analysts from both the EU (Michael Emerson, Fabrizio Tassinari and Marius Vahl) and Russia (Nadezhda Arbatova, Timofei Bordachev and Andrey S. Makarychev) on how to proceed. Also included is a view from Europe’s business leaders. The editor, Michael Emerson, was the European Union’s first ambassador to Moscow from 1991 to 1996. The negotiations that will soon begin at the official level will no doubt be a long process. This book provides ideas that the authors would like the negotiators to embrace, and in any case serves as a valuable reference against which to check what political leaders choose to do.

Evaluating the EU’s crisis missions in the Balkans

Evaluating the EU’s crisis missions in the Balkans

Author(s): Isabelle Ioannides,Ana E. Juncos,Ursula C. Schroeder / Language(s): English

Keywords: EU’s Crisis Mission; Balkan; EU military and civilian crisis management; European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP); Western Balkans; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Macedonia;

Crisis management has become a new frontier for the functions of the European Union. It is a vital component of the EU’s European security and defence policy (ESDP), which in turn completes the set of policy instruments available for the broader concept of the common foreign and security policy (CFSP). The potential significance of these developments has reached the point that political scientists are now treating the CFSP and ESDP as a research domain. Accordingly, this book is devoted to the findings of four scholars – Eva Gross, Isabelle Ioannides, Ana E. Juncos and Ursula C. Schroeder – who in the context of their PhD researches have been analysing the EU’s first crisis-management missions. They look in some detail at how these first operations have gone, what lessons are to be drawn, and indeed, whether the lessons have been drawn by the EU institutions themselves.Since 2003, EU military and civilian crisis management has emerged as a new field in European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP), also claiming a place high on the political agenda. This book evaluates the EU’s first such operations in the Western Balkans, focusing on lessons learned in the military and police missions to Bosnia and Herzegovina and to Macedonia. The authors have conducted their research both in Brussels and in the field. The evaluations place these operations in political and institutional perspectives, and highlight not only successes but also the shortcomings that will need to be addressed in the years ahead. The relevance of the book is heightened by the increasing number of crisis management missions that the EU is being mandated to take up worldwide, in Africa and Asia as well as the Western Balkans, with major challenges ahead in a police mission in Afghanistan and an impending rule of law mission in Kosovo.

Who is a normative foreign policy actor? The European Union and its Global Partners

Who is a normative foreign policy actor? The European Union and its Global Partners

Author(s): Michael Emerson,Natalie Tocci,Daniel S. Hamilton,Radha Kumar,Andrey S. Makarychev,Brantly Womack,Hakim Darbouche ,Sandra Fernandes,Ruth Hanau-Santini,Ian Manners,Gergana Noutcheva,Clara Portela / Language(s): English

Keywords: European Union and its global partners; Normative foreign policy; EU trade policy; Sanctions; Normative power;

This publication investigates “Who is a normative foreign policy actor?” It forms part of a new project intended to explore fundamental aspects of foreign policy at the global level, against the backdrop of a proliferation of global actors in the 21st century, following half a century with only one undisputed global hegemon: the United States. The European Union is itself a new or emerging foreign policy actor, driven by self-declared normative principles. But Russia, China and India are also increasingly assertive actors on the global stage and similarly claim to be driven by a normative agenda. The fundamental question explored is how will these various global actors define their foreign policy priorities, and how they will interact, especially if their ideas of normative behaviour differ?

Composition and Drivers of Energy Prices and Costs: Case Studies in Selected Energy Intensive Industries – 2018

Composition and Drivers of Energy Prices and Costs: Case Studies in Selected Energy Intensive Industries – 2018

Author(s): Christian Egenhofer,Felice Simonelli,Andrea Renda,Antonella Zarra,William Schmitt,Aurélie Faure,Eleanor Drabik,Vasileios Rizos,Thomas Hähl,Michèle Koper,Angelica Afanador Pujol,Marian Bons / Language(s): English

Keywords: Energy prices and costs; Energy intensive industries; Electricity; Natural gas; Components of natural gas;

The current report represents the final deliverable of the 2018 edition of the “Composition and Drivers of Energy Prices and Costs: Case Studies in Selected Energy Intensive Industries” (hereinafter “the Assignment”). The Assignment aimed to achieve two main objectives: 1. Providing well-grounded, bottom-up evidence of the composition and drivers of energy prices and energy costs faced by industrial operators in EU energy intensive sectors.2. Assessing the impact of energy prices and costs and of their components on the cost competitiveness and, where possible, international competitiveness of EU energy intensive sectors.

Options and national discretions under the Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive and their treatment in the context of a European Deposit Insurance Scheme

Options and national discretions under the Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive and their treatment in the context of a European Deposit Insurance Scheme

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Keywords: Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive; European Deposit Insurance Scheme; EDIS;

In the European Union, the Deposit Guarantee Schemes Directive adopted in 2014 sets out rules and procedures to ensure depositor protection and is a key step towards harmonisation of deposit insurance in the European Union. It contains 22 national options and discretions (NODs) which Member States may apply to reflect specific national circumstances. The purpose of this study is to assess the respective national implementations of the NODs, including their practical impact on depositor protection, and to propose policy recommendations regarding their possible treatment under the European Deposit Insurance Scheme, under the assumption that the latter would take the form of a full insurance scheme.

A people’s peace in Cyprus

A people’s peace in Cyprus

Author(s): Aleksandros Lordos,Erol Kaymak,Natalie Tocci / Language(s): English

Keywords: People's peace in Cyprus; Public opinion; comprehensive settlement; Governments; Security; Greek and Turkish Cypriot;

The year 2009 is decisive for the protracted Cyprus conflict. Incentives for a settlement might be higher and above all more evenly distributed among all parties than in 2004, when the Annan Plan failed due to an overwhelming Greek Cypriot rejection of the proposed blueprint despite Turkish Cypriot acceptance of the plan. Yet while strategic assessments and elite incentives bode cautiously well for a Cyprus settlement, ultimately an agreement will have to be approved by the two Cypriot communities in referendums and above all it will have to be implemented by the Cypriots on the ground. In other words, ordinary Cypriots lie at the crux of the conflict settlement as well as the drawn-out conflict resolution process, determining the ultimate success or failure of any blueprint signed by their leaders.

Convergence of bank regulations on international norms in the Southern Mediterranean

Convergence of bank regulations on international norms in the Southern Mediterranean

Author(s): Rym Ayadi,Emrah Arbak,Barbara Casu Lukac,Mohammed Yazid Boumghar,Jawad Kerdoudi,Moez Labidi,Sami Ben Naceur / Language(s): English

Keywords: Convergence of bank regulations; International norms; Southern Mediterranean; Bank performance; North Africa;

International standards and norms on banking regulations have, once again, leaped to the forefront of the policy discussion in developed nations due to the recent crisis in the world’s financial markets. This discussion is far from new, nor does it apply exclusively to the world’s most advanced economies. A sound and well-enforced regulatory regime can help developing nations to channel financial resources more efficiently into investments. For open economies, it can also act as a buffer, an important stability factor in today’s shaky market situation.

Business models in European banking

Business models in European banking

Author(s): Rym Ayadi,Emrah Arbak,Willem Pieter DE GROEN,David T. Llewellyn / Language(s): English

Keywords: Business models; European banking; Retail banks; Investment banks; Wholesale banks; EU banking assets;

Two important and related perspectives are offered at the outset of this review of an important new study by the Centre for European Policy Studies. First, the performance and efficiency of the banking sector has a major impact on a country’s overall efficiency and economic performance, and second, for several European banks, business models changed markedly in the years running up to the banking crisis and are currently in a state of flux.

An Appraisal of the European Commission of Crisis. Has the Juncker Commission delivered a new start for EU Justice and Home Affairs?

An Appraisal of the European Commission of Crisis. Has the Juncker Commission delivered a new start for EU Justice and Home Affairs?

Author(s): Sergio Carrera / Language(s): English

Keywords: European Commission of Crisis; Juncker Commission; EU Justice and Home Affairs;

Has the Juncker Commission delivered a “new start” for EU Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) policies? This book examines the question in relation to the performance of the European Commission’s intra-institutional setting while taking stock of the most relevant legislative developments in JHA or the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) from2014 to 2018.

Artificial Intelligence. Ethics, governance and policy challenges

Artificial Intelligence. Ethics, governance and policy challenges

Author(s): Andrea Renda / Language(s): English

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Ethics; governance; policy challenges; Global race for AI;

Like an unannounced guest, artificial intelligence (AI) has suddenly emerged from nerdy discussions in university labs and begun to infiltrate larger venues and policy circles around the globe. Everywhere, and particularly in Europe, the debate has been tainted by much noise and fear, as evidenced in the European Parliament’s resounding report on civil law rules for robotics, in which Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is evoked on the opening page (European Parliament, 2016). At countless seminars, workshops and conferences, self-proclaimed “experts” voice concerns about robots taking our jobs, disrupting our social interactions, manipulating public opinion and political elections, and ultimately taking over the world by dismissing human beings, once and for all, as redundant and inefficient legacies of the past.

What Comes After the Last Chance Commission?

What Comes After the Last Chance Commission?

Author(s): Steven Blockmans,Mehtap Akgüç,Ciniza Alcidi,Sara Baiocco,Miroslav Beblavý,Sergio Carrera,Willem Pieter DE GROEN,Christian Egenhofer,Milan Elkerbout,Daniel Gros,Weinian Hu,Zachary Kilhoffer,Karel Lannoo,Jacques Pelkmans,Andrea Renda,Sophia Russack,Guillaume Van der Loo / Language(s): English

Keywords: Political commission; EU JHA Policies; Security and defence policies; EU's trade and investment policy; economic governance; Financial markets; social policy;

When the current European Commission began its mandate on 1 November 2014 under President Jean-Claude Juncker, it did so in highly inauspicious political circumstances. The EU was still suffering one of the most severe financial and economic crises since World War II; unemployment had hit unprecedentedly high levels; inter-governmental emergency measures burdened the Union’s democratic quality; and the trust in European institutions of apolitics-fatigued electorate had hit an all-time low.

Index of Readiness for Digital Lifelong Learning

Index of Readiness for Digital Lifelong Learning

Author(s): Miroslav Beblavý,Sara Baiocco,Zachary Kilhoffer,Mehtap Akgüç,Manon Jacquot / Language(s): English

Keywords: Index of Readiness; Digital Lifelong Learning; Skills upgrading; Digitalisation; Society transformation; Digital technology;

Digitalisation brings about disruptive transformations in society, ranging from access to services,interaction with others, obtaining and sharing information, to metamorphoses in the nature and organisation of work. Learning is no exception.

Ethno-religious conflict in Europe

Ethno-religious conflict in Europe

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: societal tension; violent conflict; Muslim culture; Islam-related tensions; aftermath of 9/11;

This book comes from a large research endeavour of the European Union’s 6th Framework Programme, called ‘Microcon’, standing for the micro-foundations of violent conflict. In its entirety, Microcon consists of 28 component projects undertaken by 22 research centres across Europe, under the coordination of Sussex University. The Microcon website (www.microconflict.eu) gives a full account of participants, objectives and results. The project runs from 2007 to 2011.This book addresses the greatest source of societal tensions and violent conflict in contemporary Europe, involving people from minority groups of Muslim culture. Six country case studies – on Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Russia and the United Kingdom – give a comprehensive account of Islam-related tensions and violence, from the jihadist terrorist acts seen in Europe in the aftermath of 9/11 in the US, through to the urban riots of the type seen in France in 2005. These events are analyzed with a common typology together with detailed accounts of the social context in each country. Also included is an interpretation of the fundamental nature of the Islamist terrorism in Europe, with the outline of a strategy to repel it. The book is a unique source for those seeking to understand the nature of ethno-religious violence in contemporary Europe.