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Balkan Eye: Acts of War: Judge Not …

Author(s): Tihomir Loza / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/19/2010

Keywords: Balkan; Yugoslavia; war; war criminals; The Hague; Croatia; minority; EU; NATO; Republika Srpska; Kosovo; Bosnia; REKOM; Boris Tadic; Prime Minister Ivo Sanader; civil society organizations; judicial efforts;

A new initiative aims to seek the truth about the Yugoslav wars, not necessarily reconcile old enemies.

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Determinants for the development of sustainable energy consumption in Poland

Uwarunkowania rozwoju zrównoważonej konsumpcji energii w Polsce

Author(s): Sylwia Słupik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: sustainable consumption of energy; energy efficiency; Poland; environmental awareness of energy consumers

The purpose of this article is to present the main determinants of sustainable consumption of energy in Poland with particular emphasis on energy efficiency of the Polish economy. In addition, the article focuses on the issue of education and development of environmental awareness of energy consumers as well as characterizes the model of energy consumption in households.

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The concept of the green economy as an answer to the economic and environmental crisis

Koncepcja zielonej gospodarki jako odpowiedź na kryzys gospodarczy i środowiskowy

Author(s): Bożena Ryszawska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: green economy; brown economy; crisis; structural changes; European Union

The global financial crisis confirmed that a return to the previous state is impossible and we need a new concept of economic and social growth adapted to the changing global economy. The new European Union`s strategy Europe 2020 emphasizes sustainable development and green economy as force of future development. The green economy has a significant role in the structural changes in European economies.

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Description of regulations and chosen certification’s methods of green buildings

Charakterystyka ustawodawstwa i wybranych metod certyfikacji „zielonego budownictwa”

Author(s): Małgorzata Śliczna / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: green buildings; buildings’ certification; energy efficiency; building’s energy performance

Nowadays one of the main goals of local, national and European policy is decreasing environmental pollution. Sustainable development is taken into consideration in the construction sector as well as many others. The aim of this paper is to describe law and regulations of UE and Poland in terms of green building. Those regulations are analyzed to determinate their impact on the green building market. Sustainable building market is also dependent on green buildings certification’s system. This article shortly describes the most popular certification systems in the world. Both national, regional policy and certification systems are believed to be one of the most important factors in the promotion and popularization of green building idea.

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Creativity and entrepreneurship of citizens from town and community of pisz in the light of analysis

Kreatywność i przedsiębiorczość mieszkańców miasta i gminy pisz w świetle badań

Author(s): Małgorzata Karpińska-Karwowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: creativity; entrepreneurship; knowledge; human capital; labor market

At the present time, development of creativity and entrepreneurship through knowledge is the key factor in the development of the local labor market. The concept of creativity and entrepreneurship of local community is identified with highly skilled employees who sell their knowledge, skills and experience to employers. The paper presents knowledge as capital contained in human capital, currently seen as a factor in the development of endogenous, exogenous, or mixed factors of growth and development. The article indicates barriers to development of the local labor market, and also shows the importance of knowledge as a key element of the development of local entrepreneurship.

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Economic instruments for municipal waste management – case study of the landfill allowance trading scheme in England

Instrumenty ekonomiczne w gospodarce odpadami komunalnymi na przykładzie uprawnień zbywalnych do składowania odpadów biodegradowalnych w Anglii

Author(s): Zbigniew Szkop,Agnieszka Ciechelska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: LATS; economics instruments; waste management

The effectiveness of the local municipal waste management systems depends on many factors, mainly on the relationship of economy and price. Due to its specificity, this system must subject to some administrative regulations, and cannot be fully market regulated. Moreover, the obligations of the member states of the European Union and adopted regulations, impose strict targets to reduce the amount of waste going to landfills, and specific ways of dealing with the different waste fractions. One of the biggest problems is treatment of biodegradable waste. Therefore special care of policy makers to adopt proper solutions to ensure fulfillment of commitments is required. One of the essential elements of the system are economic instruments: commonly used – quasi-tax instruments and not so popular – market- based instruments. Both have been used in England for 10 years. The purpose of this article is to present the basics of English system of tradable allowances for storage of biodegradable waste and the experiences gained from implementing this system in England in the context of Polish situation.

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Renewable energy clusters in Poland – a new form of cooperation in the area of environmental protection

Klastry energetyczne w Polsce – nowa forma współpracy w ochronie środowiska

Author(s): Agnieszka Rzeńca / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: environmental protection; cooperation; clusters; renewable energy clusters

Modern forms and methods of cooperation within the networked organization such as clusters provide opportunities for achieving the objectives of environmental protection and for the development of enterprises from the broadly-defined industry of environmental protection. Renewable energy clusters are a new and rapidly growing form of cooperation in Poland that has not yet been described in the Polish literature. The aim of this article is therefore the diagnosis of renewable energy clusters with the particular emphasis on the entities of which these clusters consist, the main areas of their activity and the extent of their market influence. The carried out research enables to emphasize the validity of choosing this form of cooperation especially in the context of providing the energy security and the implementation of the strategy ”Europe 2020”.

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How to reduce the emission level of economy?

Jak zmniejszyć emisyjność gospodarki?

Author(s): Jan Sikora / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: low carbon economy; emissivity of the economy; households; consumption of energy

Low-carbon economy is the economic state, which primarily aims at long-term sustainable economic growth and employment, without interfering in functioning of ecosystems. This can be achieved through the optimization of production processes and the reduction of specific consumption of raw materials and energy. Sectors where the emission should especially be limited are households, construction and transport. Emissivity of the economy can be achieved due to gradual changes in the behavior of business entities and consumers, and due to the introduction of economic instruments aimed at improving energy efficiency.

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Environmental management through the implementation of low-carbon city model as a way to sustainable urban development

Zarządzanie środowiskiem poprzez implementację modelu miasta niskowęglowego/niskoemisyjnego drogą do zrównoważonego rozwoju aglomeracji miejskich

Author(s): Łukasz Szałata / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: sustainable development; low emission cities; low carbon cities; diversification; innovative solutions

Rational environmental management is an important element of creating a positive image of large cities and adjacent towns. Effective management of environmental resources, protection and planning are essential to promote a positive image of the city and create a strategy of urban development. It is necessary to implement innovative environmental projects based on the assumptions of the model of ecological low carbon / low emission cities, described in this article.

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Regional preferences concerning European Union subsidies to climate change adaptation at the regional level: case study of the Warta catchment

Regionalne preferencje dotyczące dofinansowania przez Unię Europejską adaptacji do zmian klimatycznych na przykładzie zlewni Warty

Author(s): Anna Dubel / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: climate change; adaptation; subsidies

To address ever more frequent and intensive negative climate change effects in Europe, the European Union institutions support research, policies, strategies and adaptation instruments. The aim of the research presented in the paper is to analyze how the recommended and financed by the EU climate adaptation instruments answer to the needs at the regional level with that respect. The risk of natural catastrophes was presented based on existing models and prognoses. It was confronted with the EU climate adaptation policy documents that guide the development of the national and regional policies and strategies as well as with the EU financial instruments supporting adaptation, including subsidies. The results of conducted research as well as the discussion of outcomes present possible recommendations for financing climate adaptation in the Warta catchment.

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Regional policy in the context of the challenge of effective use of resources

Polityka regionalna w kontekście wyzwania efektywnego wykorzystania zasobów

Author(s): Barbara Kryk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: region; cohesion policy; resource-efficient and low-carbon economy

In the implementation of the strategy “Europe 2020” and its flagship initiatives, from which “Resource efficient Europe” and “Innovation Union” are important for the environment, a crucial role is attributed to regional policy. It can be said that regional policy is both a tool and a determinant of these strategies. In order to increase its efficiency and to direct it properly its necessary to carry out appropriate changes. The article presents the recommendations relating to the EU regional policy to improve it in the context of efficiency, both in the present and the future programming period.

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Barriers in implementing the idea of corporate social responsibility in company

Bariery we wdrażaniu idei społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu w przedsiębiorstwie

Author(s): Dorota Bargieł / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; barriers; education

The purpose of this article is to identify key factors that make implementing process of CSR idea more difficult or even impossible. The author starts with defining CSR, then he diagnoses the biggest barriers in introducing CSR into the company. The next step is a comparison of gathered thoughts together with the results of field work conducted by external institutions and the author herself. In conclusion some recommendations for the effective implementation of CSR into the company are listed.

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Strategy Europe 2020 and the market orientation of ecological policy

Strategia Europa 2020 a rynkowa orientacja polityki ekologicznej

Author(s): Andrzej Graczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: Europe 2020; ecological policy; clean energy; energy efficiency

The aim of the article is the assessment of possibility of utilization by ecological policy the market solutions in the strategy of European Union development called “Europe 2020”. This strategy creates the possibility to use the market solutions in the field of growth of competitiveness, the counteraction of climate changes as well as the growth of utilization of clean and effective energy. As part of Europe 2020 strategy called “Europe effectively using resources” it is possible to use market instruments in many fields, for instance: the enlargement of energy efficiency and the saving of energy, a reform adapting the economy to the requirements of low emission economy using the resources effectively, the protection of biological diversity, meeting the challenges connected with materials and the freight markets, economy transformation in so called “circulation economy”, adaptation to climate change, saving the water.

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Possibilities of implementation of ecology hotel assumptions on the example of ecological certification “clean tourism” in the region of Lodz. Partial

Możliwości wdrożeniowe założeń hotelu ekologicznego na przykładzie certyfikatu „czysta turystyka” w regionie łódzkim. Częściowe wyniki bada

Author(s): Radosław Dziuba / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: tourism; ecology hotel; ecological certificatioan; “Clean Tourism”

According to many experts one of the main sectors that is waiting for technical innovations related to environmental protection, is the tourism industry and other leisure services as a result of the global eco-trends increasingly expected by tourists and travelers coming from different parts of the world. The main objective of this article is to present the following excerpt research on the implementation of the assumptions ecology hotel on the example of ecology certification “Clean Tourism” in the region of Lodz. The research deals with hotels in the region of Lodz classified by the Ministry of Sport and Tourism in the Central List of Hotel Objects as a hotel. The survey used both quantitative research methods through a survey and qualitative ones, ie. observation and deepened interviews with selected hotel property managers and experts in the field. The research has shown that in many cases there is not enough information on the costs and benefits of organic certification and subsequent certification of additional investments such as reducing the cost of running an object or image as an environmentally friendly facility. This article presents the results of an introduction to a deeper analysis of this topic in the region of Lodz.

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Diagnosis actions for sustainable development – a comparative study: Japan and Poland

Author(s): Małgorzata Gotowska,Mitsuo Shigenobu / Language(s): English / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: sustainable development; human development index; competitiveness index

The objective of the study was to compare two countries: Japan and Poland. We evaluated the two countries in terms of basic indicators of sustainable development. In addition, the diagnosis was performed of sustainable development activities in both countries. We compared the countries in human development index and the measure competitiveness. They are measures of sustainable development. This study found that Japan was a highly developed country, where much had been done to make the development sustainable. This country has vast experience. It has a lot of success in this field, but also several defeats. Poland as a country which is trying to act according to the rules of sustainable development, should draw on the experience of Japanese society to make as few as possible the same or similar mistakes.

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Support instruments for local energy policy compatible with sustainable development principles

Instrumenty wspierania lokalnej polityki energetycznej zgodnej z zasadami zrównoważonego rozwoju

Author(s): Joanna Godlewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: sustainable development; energy policy; local government

The realisation of local energy policy can be supported by a package of planning, economic, organisational and educational instruments. The goal of the article is the presentation of possibilities of using different types of instruments by local governments to conduct their energy policy, which is compatible with sustainable development principles. Taking planning instruments into account the most important for the future is energy plan, which possibilities are not fully used and not appreciated by local governments. Cooperation in the form of associations or unions of local governments of communities is an important organizational instrument. The ecological education is the most effective instrument in the area of increasing the ecological awareness.

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A theoretical assessment of the EU’s smart, sustainable and inclusive growth policy on resource use

Author(s): Joost Platje / Language(s): English / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: smart growth; resource use; Europe 2020; technological change; multilevel governance

In the article, it is argued that under current conditions, the EU’s smart, sustainable and inclusive growth policy has elements of wishful thinking, and resource use is unlikely to be reduced. The theoretical support for this argument is based on elaboration of the following issues: priority of economic growth, factors hampering rapid technological change and multilevel governance. The identification of such factors may be useful in developing policy.

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of environmental policy – theory and practice overview

Analiza efektywności kosztowej polityki ekologicznej – przegląd teorii i doświadczeń

Author(s): Elżbieta Broniewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: cost-effectiveness; environmental policy

The interest of cost-effectiveness emerged in the late twentieth century. Initially, the analysis consisted primarily of individual investment projects. Nowadays they are transferred to the local level. These are mostly ex-post analyses of comparisons of technological ways to pollution abatement. The use of cost-effectiveness analysis to ex-ante evaluation of strategies, plans or policies has not been put into common practice yet, although there are some trials of such analyzes. This paper provides an overview of the world’s scientific, legislative and practical achievements in this area.

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Ecological footprint as an indicator of sustainable consumption and production

Ślad ekologiczny jako wskaźnik zrównoważonej konsumpcji i produkcji

Author(s): Lidia Kłos / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: ecological footprint; biological capacity; ecodevelopment

The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of the ecological footprint, which is an expression of the environmental load and the appropriation of its resources. For this purpose, the descriptive method and the analysis of statistic data referring to the issue under investigation on a global scale were used. Currently we are living on ecological credit. To satisfy our needs we need over 1.5 of the planet. Therefore it requires taking specific actions towards sustainable development and towards the maintenance of footprint at the level of 1.8 gha.

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Charge instruments using improvement in waste management – law adjustments proposals

Poprawa wykorzystania instrumentów opłatowych w gospodarce odpadami – propozycje modyfikacji prawnych

Author(s): Agnieszka Ciechelska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 318/2013

Keywords: waste management; waste regulations; waste fees; waste tax

Poland is in the process of implementation of new system solutions in waste management. Adopted legislation on socio-economic aspects, significantly limits the effectiveness and efficiency of the newly created local systems. These legal provisions have their own political reasons, but it seems that they could be “improved” and thus improve the ability to create satisfactory systems. The article is an analysis of the major socio-economic problems in the context of environmental policy objectives, in particular waste management. This article aims to identify opportunities for change in the interpretation of legal provisions to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of local waste management systems.

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