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Decisions made by organizer of an employees’ teams making their functioning difficult

Decyzje organizatora zespołów pracowniczych utrudniające ich funkcjonowanie

Author(s): Zdzisław Jasiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: decisions; employees’ team; job organizer

The paper raises issues related to the functioning of employees’ teams. It draws attention to the wide application of teamwork in practice. It shows the benefits of its implementation and the conditions in which it may appear. Particular emphasis in the article focuses on the decisions taken at the stage of creating (building) a team of employees especially on those decisions, the effect of which is hampered operation of the team. The author gives examples of such decisions and discusses their effects.

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Model for parametrization of cost of risk in supporting processes

Model parametryzacji kosztów ryzyka procesów wspomagających

Author(s): Ewa Kulińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: logistics processes; added value; risk management; parameterization model of cost of risk in logistics processes

The aim of the publication is to present the results, obtained from own studies, on the basis of which there were identified key conditions for integrating management of logistics processes, management of value creation and risk management thereby setting a methodological basis for building the parameterization model of logistics processes. Taking into consideration the contribution of each concept into the new research area, its essence got defined as an integrated, structured instrument, aiming for the identification and implementation of logistics processes supporting the creation of value added, together with the identification and elimination of risk factors disrupting the process of value creation for internal and external customers. The foundation for the parameterization model of logistics processes is to use the potential enclosed in the synergetic effects that are gained by using premises integrating management of logistics processes, management of value creation and risk management as a key determinant of value creation processes.

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Balanced Scorecard - new concept, old paradigms

Zrównoważona karta wyników – nowa koncepcja, stare paradygmaty

Author(s): Roman Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: weaknesses; strategy; measures; information era

Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is recommended as a universal tool of strategic management of information age organizations. Studies of organizations using BSC carried out until now have not determined causes of failures in the use of BSC. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis, “BSC is fully adapted to be used as a management tool for information age organizations”. The research is based on a case study of a company exhibiting many characteristics of the information age that after three years of implementation of BSC board abandoned the concept. The choice of this type of company allowed falsification of adopted hypothesis. The falsification of hypothesis containing a necessary condition (prerequisite) on the basis of one case, is considered as reliable as testing on a sample. The study shows that the cause of not achieving anticipated effects in the BSC were not due to company managers incompetence, but to the maladjustment of the BSC concept to information age conditions.

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Antinomies in project management

Antynomie w zarządzaniu projektami

Author(s): Janusz Marek Lichtarski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: antinomies; paradoxes; projects; project management

Antinomies have been present in management science and practice for decades. They are used to describe complex and dynamic environment, as well as to formulate guidelines and principles of efficient management. The aim of the paper is to identify and explain antinomies in project management approach. The analysis applies to selected areas of project management, including objectives and scope of the project (traditional vs adaptive project management), ways and methods of operation (project management methodologies vs intuition), project organization (autonomic vs coherent) and project management tools and support (standardized vs individualized PM tools). Also some possible responses to antinomian situations are mentioned in the paper, including focusing on one of the guidelines, the search for compromise solutions, or attempts to reconcile opposing recommendations. Considerations are based on the studies of domestic and foreign literature in the field of project management.

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The role of science and technology parks in the Triple Helix model on the example of eastern Poland parks

Rola parków naukowo-technologicznych w modelu Triple Helix na przykładzie parków Polski Wschodniej

Author(s): Anna Maria Lis,Ewa Romanowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: triple helix; science and technology parks; intermediary institutions; bridging institutions

The aim of the article is to discuss the role of science and technology parks in the triple helix model, both in theoretical aspect, as well as on the basis of empirical studies. The authors presented the results of research on linkages between selected parks and other entities in the triple helix model, with particular emphasis on R&D institutions, public authorities and other intermediary institutions. The study was conducted in a group of 11 parks operating in Eastern Poland. The authors used a monographic method, and the basic techniques for obtaining data were standardized and structured direct individual in-depth interviews (IDI) and individual telephone interviews (ITI), as well as the analysis of the existing data. The research results show that even at an early stage of development the analysed parks are very active in initiating relations within the triple helix model, which in the long term can translate into a greater use of endogenous potential of this macro-region.

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Methodological paradigms of management science

Paradygmaty metodologiczne nauk o zarządzaniu

Author(s): Marek Lisiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: paradigm; methodological paradigm; methodology of management science; pragmatic methodology; apragmatic methodology

This article attempts to analyze the methodological paradigms of management science. In order to solve this problem methodological paradigms were defined as well as basic classifications of management science paradigms were presented. This became the basis for determining and discussing the methodological paradigms of management science. Undoubtedly distinguishing the feature of this approach is its reference to the entire output of management science, both in its theoretical and methodological layers, as well as taking into account the achievements of the general methodology of science and the philosophy of science.

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The paradoxes of interorganizational trust

Paradoksy zaufania międzyorganizacyjnego

Author(s): Karolina Mazur,Zdzisław Kulczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: trust; interorganizational relationships; trust-opportunism paradox; prisoner dilemma; paradox of embeddedness; trust asymmetry

This paper presents the initial results of our systematic review of 66 studies. The analysis included articles from electronic databases. The articles concentrated on interorganizational trust and its outcomes. Four types of potential interorganizational trust paradoxes were distinguished: classic form of trust-opportunism paradox, the paradox of trust-opportunism from the view of game theory, paradox of embeddedness and the paradox of asymmetry of trust. The analysis has not given any crucial solution but only a suggestion that there are no different types of paradoxes, instead there is only one paradox: trust-opportunism which can be analyzed from different points of view.

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Paradoxes in systems theory of management

Paradoksy w systemowej teorii zarządzania

Author(s): Czesław Mesjasz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: autopoiesis; paradox; distinction; management system; complexity

The paradoxes are one of the core topics of logic, philosophy, psychology, and social sciences. From the 1950s. of the 20th century they have been the subject of interest in the theory and practice of management. The objective of the paper is to review and analyse the importance of paradox (paradoxes) in the theory and practice of management. The starting point of consideration is the analysis of the role of paradoxes taken from various areas of knowledge: logic, philosophy, social sciences, psychology, in theoretical and practical applications in management. The study puts forward the following primary hypothesis: Paradoxes and their consequences are the new elements determining the increasing complexity of the conceptual and empirical aspects of management.

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The genesis of accidents at work paradox

Paradoks genezy wypadków przy pracy

Author(s): Konrad Niziołek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: circadian rhythms; performance; mistakes; accidents at work

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of studies on the number and severity of accidents at work as a function of time of their occurrence. The study includs 196 cases documented in the statistics of accidents cards. There were taken into consideration the differences: branch, size and location. The sample selection was random. The study examines cases in organizations producing: clothes, plating for seats, furniture, food products, machinery and machine parts, as well as catering service, trade, storage of raw materials, and health care. They show paradoxically that the number and severity of raids at work are inversely proportional to the number of mistakes in the framework of the human circadian rhythm. The number of accidents depend on other factors, possibly such as: quality mistakes, performance/ capacity for human qualities-individual factors, non-professional factors, work organization, and personnel management.

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Superstitions and denials within organizations as the complex adaptive systems

Przesądy i zaprzeczenia w organizacjach jako złożonych systemach adaptacyjnych

Author(s): Wojciech A. Nowak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: organizations; complex adaptive system; superstitions; denials; paradigm; paradox; social interaction situation

The article is devoted to the issue of the creation and persistence of superstitions and denials within organizations. Descriptions, analyses, and syntheses are based on the complex adaptive system paradigm. As the complex adaptive systems, organizations function relying on the orientations in the form of internal informational structures. The results of our deliberations portray the possibility of capturing superstitions and denials as the effects of unavoidable shortcomings in the identification of regularities within coming information streams and the recognition of the patterns of these regularities shaped to the form of deep internal informational structures. There are pointed out the ways and directions of the influence of superstitions and denials on organizations as economic entities, and the possibility of the paradox in this respect. Superstitions and denials refer to every of the three paradigmatic social interaction situations and to their compounds, influencing upon solving problems associated with these situations. It is suggested that the complex adaptive system approach leads to formulating the general language of the description and the analysis of the creating and functioning of superstitions and denies within organizations. The methodology of the article has theoretical and descriptive-analytical character, with elements of the synthesis.

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The paradox of location - location virtualization and its tools

Paradoks lokalizacji – wirtualizacja lokalizacji i narzędzia jej służące

Author(s): Michał Nowicki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: location; location virtualization; virtualization gap; virtual location paradox

The article presents reflections on the role of location, with particular emphasis on virtualization of location, in daily practice companies and organizations. The context of carried reflections refers to the process of creating and maintaining competitive advantages, including their specific varieties − location advantages. The attempt to assess the phenomenon of location and its virtualization is based on the analysis of selected research results, as well as on selected case studies. The article attempts to prove that through conscious and active use of the advantages of localization created with instruments of location virtualization various entities have the ability to meet the requirement characteristic of contemporary market realities by obtaining the ability of constant oscillation between states of stability and change.

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Goals in scientific research management. Methodological aspects

Cele w badaniach naukowych z zakresu zarządzania. Aspekty metodologiczne

Author(s): Stanisław Nowosielski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: objectives of the research; research problem; type of research; research process

In the literature, elementary categories of research, including issues of defining and determining research purposes take little space. At the same time, the number of publications on specific issues related to the methodology of science of management is increasing. In this situation there is a paradox: the more we know about the methodology of scientific research, the more we commit errors and deficiencies in the research procedure. The way to alleviate described paradox is more intense, but also complex addressing problems of determining research purposes. In the study of the article, which aim is to present the types and place for scientific research process and also the factors that influence the shape and content of the research, helpful was literature in the field of scientific methodology, critical analysis of selected research work and their reviews and also own observations and thoughts. The conclusions of analysing related with the need of dealing in various forms with formulating research purposes, can become an impulse for further discussion which is needed in this matter.

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The impact of interorganizational relationships on the formation of business model

Wpływ relacji międzyorganizacyjnych na kształtowanie modelu biznesu

Author(s): Marian Oliński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: business model; relationship; value

Business model is not an object which elements are configured in isolation from the environment. One of the issues subjected to scientific explorations are interorganizational relationships which constitute a business model. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to identify partners with whom the surveyed companies most often establish relationships modifying their business models. The survey covered a representative sample of 250 small and medium-sized enterprises from the whole territory of Poland. The study confirmed a relationship between the level of value generated for the customer and the number of entities with whom relations were established (these entities are mainly the customers and the suppliers of surveyed companies). Moreover, it was found that the number of relationships translates into an increase in value capture mechanisms.

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Coopetition as a business model

Koopetycja jako model biznesu

Author(s): Krystyna Romaniuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: coopetition; business model; Resource-Based Theory; value creation

Coopetition is an alternative of competition and cooperation. Coopetitioncontinues to attract growing interest. In this paper, coopetition is presented in the framework of a business model A company’s core competencies include the definition and redefinition of its business model. The aim of this article is to propose a business model which supports value creation in the context of coopetition. The model was formulated in view of the resource theory which sets a common theoretical framework for both concepts. The problem was discussed based on a review of Polish and foreign literature. An analysis of the published sources suggests that coopetition supports all parties to a coopetitive agreement and clients in the value creation process by aggregating and dividing resources and by increasing the value of organization’s assets. The created values include building competitive advantage, maximizing the effectiveness of activities in selected segments of the value chain, differentiating the market offer, increasing the quality of the improving customer service standards.

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Business models of innovative enterprises. Identification and analysis

Modele biznesowe innowacyjnych przedsiębiorstw. Identyfikacja i analiza

Author(s): Krzysztof Safin / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: business model; components; model’s structure; innovations

In today’s economy innovations are regarded as a necessary requirement to ensure that enterprises, regions and states maintain their competitiveness. Despite the growing interest of scientists and practitioners in these issues, there are still many questions left unanswered or the answers are superficial. One of the most important is the question concerned with specific behaviours of innovative enterprises enabling them not only to generate innovations, but also to implement them effectively and to build on their basis a philosophy for the enterprise’s activities. The analysis of the business models of innovative enterprises is one of the methods to identify those behaviours, yet it has been insufficiently examined. It seems, however, that in order to do so, one needs a dynamic approach to the analysis, looking at the business model in a way that is different from the traditional way, i.e. based on the hierarchical approach to its components.

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Business process maturity – report of empirical research

Dojrzałość procesowa organizacji - wyniki badań empirycznych

Author(s): Piotr Sliż / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: process Management; process Maturity; maturity model; automotive

Herein paper presents the idea of the process maturity and the selected results of the conducted research work. This paper contains information about a developed model used for determining the actual process maturity of organizations. The main objective of this article is to present the rating of process maturity of Polish automotive dealerships.

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Cooperation in competition on the market of medical services

Współpraca w rywalizacji na rynku usług medycznych

Author(s): Aneta Stosik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: relational contracts; business ecosystem; inter-organizational networks; values; relational resources

The paradox of recent years, on the most competitive market of dental services in Wrocław, is building cooperation among clinics which compete with each other the most. The process of cooperation and the principles of formation the inter-organizational network remind also the phenomenon of business ecosystem that creates specific environmental architecture which supports activities of all partners in the network, using values that create it. The paper presents the author’s selected reflections about the discussed phenomenon, which were based on her own research. The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of coopetition in commercial medical services of the dental industry.

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Selection of methods in management problem-solving based on responses of academic staff

Dobór metod w rozwiązywaniu problemów zarządzania w opinii pracowników naukowo-dydaktycznych

Author(s): Marek Szarucki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: management problems; method selection; methodology; management science

This article aims at examining the nature of management problems in the context of selecting methods for their solving. The object of the study are the problems of management with relation to methods of their solving. The research methods used are: literature review and interviews with academics from economic universities (a pilot study). The findings indicate the complexity of the object of the study, point out at the number of features of management problems relevant to their solving, present the determinants of methods selection and recommendations. The presented results are of cognitive, methodological and practical character.

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From the Ringelmann effect to reducing costs of relationship network

Od efektu Ringelmanna do redukcji kosztów sieci relacyjnych

Author(s): Marcin Szplit,Andrzej Szplit / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: Ringelmann effect; relationship network; costs in network; costs reducing

More and more turbulence of the surrounding causes that the classical methods of operation and changes of businesses become useless. This applies even to the most basic assumptions of strategic management, both in epistemological and methodological approaches. An important element that facilitates the interpretation of complex network phenomena is the correct interpretation of the Ringelmann effect. Ignorance of the effect may lead to non-use of capacity and partial loss of coordination and motivation. The author points out possible risks for the functioning of enterprises on the basis of the example of a fare-dodger netting and close-out netting.

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SNA use of components connections analysis of business model

Wykorzystanie SNA w analizie powiązań komponentów modelu biznesu

Author(s): Anna Ujwary-Gil / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 421/2016

Keywords: business model; components; social network analysis; SNA

Social network analysis and/or organizational network analysis became an important element of research in the science of management with its accompanying (quantitative, qualitative, graphical) instruments, which allows to illustrate and explore any part of reality from the relationships and interdependencies perspective. This article attempts to analyze this interrelationship in the context of its impact and interdependencies that occur between defined business model components operating in the virtual reality sector. Network analysis has allowed to extract, using classical measures of centrality (degree and closeness), key components of business model. The author has also used the so-called sphere of influence, which, in turn, allows for the identification of busienss model components remaining in the direct interaction with “ego” component, occupying the central position in the network. A kind of simulation has been used by removing this central component to determine how this change has acctually shaped the changes in the other components measured by the total degree centrality of a node.

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