Around the Bloc: Polish Government Hit by More Protests
Dissenters in parliament and on the streets have been baying for change since the conservative government took office last year.
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Dissenters in parliament and on the streets have been baying for change since the conservative government took office last year.
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- Art. 11 of the Convention - "Freedom of assembly and association". The Court considers that the reason relied upon by the Government to ban peaceful assembly planned by the petitioner is not sufficient to be associated with an acute social need. Therefore, it was no demonstrated that the prohibition was necessary in a democratic society to achieve the objectives. Accordingly, the art. 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights had been violated. - Art. 8 of the Convention - "The right to respect for private and family life". The Court recalls that Article. 8 should not be interpreted as meaning that its provisions would require that the state general obligation is to respect the possibility of married couples to choose their country of residence and to allow family reunification in the territory of that country. Therefore, in a case aimed at both family life and immigration extent of the State's obligation to admit to its territory of persons residing close there varies depending on the particular situation of the persons concerned and the general interest. The Court concludes that, in this case, has not achieved the right balance, meaning that permanent prohibition to enter Greek territory, applied petitioner was not proportionate to the aims pursued. Therefore, a violation has occurred of the art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
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Strategic management focuses on future development of organizations, based on a vision and a strategy. If strategic leaders demonstrate epistemic competencies, business can take place not according to the zero sum game rule, where there are always winners and losers, but to a non-zero sum game rule, where there could be only winners and no losers. Epistemic competence is given by the scientific nature of knowledge, it breaks down the mental automatism generated by common day to day personal experience and it uses mathematical models and other specific methods. Strategic management and its practical content can best be understood within the context of the theory of organization, for organizations are indispensable for the general human and civilizational progress.
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Serious political crises observed in the Arab world since 2011 have resulted in the overthrow of or attacks on several dictatorships, but it is interesting to note that deep crises of state structures were observed in the Arab republics, while the monarchies retained a political and social stability. The author observes that this is hardly a coincidence, as the monarchs rely on the traditional legitimacy of power, with the reigning dynasties depend either on their descent from Prophet Muhammad or on their contribution to the renewal of Islam. The authority of these monarchs is close to absolute, even in Jordan, where many European arrangements have been adopted (constitution, parliament, elections). The text examines several decades in the development of Jordan, focussing on the crises of authority in 1951, 1956–1957, 1967–1970 and 1989–1991. At the time of crises the Hashemites draw on their prerogatives as absolute rulers and on the concept of the ruler in Islamic tradition, so the history of Jordan may be quoted as example of the stabilising role of the monarchy in the Arab world.
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1. Art. 8 of the Convention - "The right to respect for private and family life";The absence of cooperation between parted parents is a circumstance that cannot exempt the authorities from their positive obligations under article 8. The government did not offer any explanation for the delay in examining the petitioner's claims. The Court concludes that, despite the margin of appreciation recognized to state, the Polish authorities have no made efforts to ensure adequate and effective implementation of the parental rights of the petitioner and his right to keep in touch with his child. Therefore, Art. 8 of the Convention was violated. 2. Art. 10 of the Convention - "Freedom of Expression";The Court notes that the complainants were not forbidden to make public the miscellaneous facts. Their conviction was based solely on possession and use of radio equipment used in order to obtain information faster by police interception of communications, which were confidential under domestic law. The Court notes that the Milan Court of Appeal ordered the suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment, and in the case file there is no evidence to indicate that the complainants would have made these punishments. Therefore, sanctions petitioners do not seem to be disproportionate. The domestic courts made an appropriate distinction between petitioners debt to respect law, and exercise of their journalist work. The court ruled unanimously that in this case there occurred not a violation of art. 10 of the Convention.
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The paper deals with the issue of national interest, analyzed from an internal perspective, with implications on the manifestation of the state at European level. Internally, at the level of the state, the most common phrase is “national interest”, but at regional level, the term “general interests” is employed. In practice, national interest may vary from one state to another, being influenced by the changes occurring on the international scene. Relevant for the support, promotion and defense of the national interest is the cooperation between the President, the Government and the Parliament in the field of European affairs. The paper also tackles the parliamentary control over Romania’s representation at the European Council meetings, as a way of supporting and defending the national interest.
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The article presents powermetrics as a basic element of geopolitical analyses. Modeling and measurement national power is an important technique in the study of international relations. Geopolitical point of view and quantification of power can be crucial for global forecasting and can result in greater chance of better decision-making
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The paper examines the evolution of US‑Brazilian relations at the turn of the 20th and 21st century. Factors such as the divergence of geopolitical views held in both countries after the end of the Cold War, Brazil’s longstanding aspirations to become a major power in a multipolar world, new tensions that arose after September 11 and the US “war on terror” as well as president Lula da Silva’s (2003‑2010) engagement in a fuel swap deal with Iran led to a complicated relation between the United States and Brazil in the first decade of the 21st century. Lula da Silva’s successor Dilma Rousseff (2011‑2016) declared to continue his policy. An analysis of her rule allows to claim that mutual relations were to a large extent overshadowed by controversial topics such as a UN Security Council reform and the NSA spying controversy. Yet, Mrs Rousseff ’s administration also managed to show visible efforts to focus on more pragmatic issues of economic and technological cooperation contributing to a possible improvement of future U.S.‑Brazil relations.
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The author analyzes the increasingly frequent analogy in both journalism and academic literature between Atlantic slavery and the system of manorial serfdom. While the comparison is in his opinion justifiable on moral grounds, it is of little use intellectually because it does not help us understand the specifics of serfdom. Without doing so, we cannot understand where there is continuity between that regime and contemporary Polish society, nor can we come to terms with the stigma of history. The reason we still treat serfdom as “Polish slavery” is, according to the author, Westernism, namely, the belief that the West has been the locomotive of global history. A brief analysis of the “real” slavery that prevailed in Poland in the era of the first Piasts, and which was a consequence of exporting slaves to the Islamic world, shows how we can talk about the people’s history of Poland without the burden of Westernism.
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In a first for Serbian courts, eight former Bosnian Serb policemen stand accused of slaughtering 1,300 Muslim civilians in 1995.
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Putin’s only serious challenger may be forced to sit out next year’s presidential election.
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The region of Caucasus proves to be very interesting field of research. It is especiallytrue after year 1991. The fall of USRR opened the region (especially SouthCaucasus) for international influences. Three new-founded nations of Georgia, Armeniaand Azerbaijan became a background for clashing interests and rivalries ofGreat Powers. Difficult situation of aforementioned nations is deepened by their political,social, ethnic and economic problems. Author tries to describe those problemsand their causes. In the beginning article shortly characterizes the Caucasusregion, its history, political situation and place in international relations. Author indetail analyzes chosen aspects of relations between Russia and South Caucasian republicsincluding Russian intervention in Georgia in 2008 and Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. The importance of the region in Russianforeign policy is also analyzed.
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Authors in their article suggest, it that was can divide on two main kinds of activity with terrorism fight: the fight with terrorists as well as the terroristic organizations as well as the liquidating of stepping out causes of terrorism. The joint with international co-operation of states working and the organization in range fighting the terrorism, it can in future contribute to considerable set - back of expansion this dangerous phenomenon even if after this, to the terrorism did not stand the most dangerous “plague XXI in.Authors in their article suggest, it that was can divide on two main kinds of activity with terrorism fight: the fight with terrorists as well as the terroristic organizations as well as the liquidating of stepping out causes of terrorism. The joint with international co-operation of states working and the organization in range fighting the terrorism, it can in future contribute to considerable set - back of expansion this dangerous phenomenon even if after this, to the terrorism did not stand the most dangerous “plague XXI in.”
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Does a competition for (a potential) mother-in-law’s approval celebrate tradition, or cultivate the exploitation of women?
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This article reveals the main reasons, stages and consequences of the CentralAsian peoples revolt against the Russian authorities during the World War I.
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Electoral Campaigns of Poland’s Green Party in the Election to the European ParliamentThe Green Party of Poland, formerly ‘The Green of 2004’ (Polish: Zieloni 2004), has been taking part in the elections to the European Parliament since 2004. As a member of the European Green Party, the Polish Greens treat European integration very seriously. Their electoral campaigns are strictly connected with the activities of the European Green Party, especially as far as political programmes are concerned.
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European Union in majority of its dimensions is in crisis today. Since2008 the problems amass, be it in economy, finance or politics and policies. These seem to be of utmost concern for the majority of Europeanpolicy makers. What is being overlooked, however, is that the European social space suffers of a certain unrest that has been not witnessed before in all the history of European integration. People of Europe less and less identify themselves with European project. Long lasting efforts to builda certain common European identity among it’s peoples seem to bringabout unforeseen results in their comeback to national or local identities. In this article I assess what was scientifi cally done on the matter of European identification and what has to be done to advance it’s development.
More...A roundtable discussion has taken place in Paris to deliberate on the experience of Uzbekistan and France in civil society development
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We will operate in this article with visions, actions, and alternative strategies for territory around a zone of „Seven Seas – HePtaGonal“, where a new geopolitical players will emerge. the next decades crises and regional wars could erupt and spread under numerous unpredictable scenarios. During the 2030s will China, U.S., India and Russia meet in a zone of „Seven Seas – HePtaGonal“, with the spread of regional wars, using their military, political or intelligence capacity, to try to fight against terrorism or to block regional war expansion.
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