![Несврстаност](/api/image/getbookcoverimage?id=document_cover-page-image_475495.jpg)
We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Nieustannie poszukuje się nowych rodzajów oddziaływania rehabilitacyjnego, które mobilizowałyby osoby niepełnosprawne do aktywności, zapewniały partnerską współpracę między osobami niepełnosprawnymi a pełnosprawnymi i ułatwiały przez to proces integracji. Dla powodzenia tych działań niezbędne staje się zaangażowanie instytucji państwowych, organizacji pozarządowych, a także podmiotów działających na zasadach komercyjnych. W niniejszej publikacji chcieliśmy określić, jakie systemowe i strukturalne warunki powinny być spełnione m.in. w sferze pracy, edukacji i szerzej w zakresie polityki społecznej, których rezultatem byłoby stworzenie dogodnych warunków dla realizacji celów i osiągania sukcesów życiowych przez osoby niepełnosprawne. Pragnęliśmy pokazać, jak wielki potencjał może być wykorzystany do szeroko rozumianego przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu i marginalizacji społecznej tej kategorii osób. Publikacja pokazuje, jak wielki potencjał może być wykorzystany do szeroko rozumianego przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu i marginalizacji społecznej osób niepełnosprawnych.
More...
The intention of the book is to present the policy of the United States towards China and ascertain the position of Peking in the American foreign policy between 1911 and 1918. The author considers various aspects of the problem against a background of political changes taking place in both countries and diplomatic struggle in the First World War period. The book is based on unpublished materials from the Library of Congress and the National Archives at College Park, as well as printed sets of documents and vast literature on the subject.
More...
The Serb National Council (SNC), a national coordination of councils of Serb national minority representatives, is an elected political, advisory and coordination entity that operates as a self-government of Serbs in the Republic of Croatia. The SNC is engaged with the protection and promotion of Serbs’ human, civil and ethnic rights, and issues of their identity, participation and integration into Croatian society.The SNC was founded per the Erdut Agreement and the Letter of the Croatian Government about the completion of peaceful reintegration, which guarantees the Serb minority self-government as well as the right to organise as based upon the centuries old tradition of Serb self-government: from church/popular parliaments, to legislative and political acts which regulated the position of Serbs in the 13th and 14th century, to the documents of the National Antifascist Council. It was established in 1997, in Zagreb, at the initiative of the Alliance of Serb Organisations (SKD Prosvjeta, Serb Democratic Forum, Community of Rijeka and Istria Serbs and Joint Council of Municipalities) and among the founders were also the Idependent Democratic Serb Party (SDSS) , Baranja Democratic Forum, Association of refugee and displaced Serbs, representatives of parts of the Serb Orthodox Church (SPC) church municipalities, members of parliament and prominent individuals.
More...
“It is not easy to predict the future course of events, which will depend to a large extent on the overall political situation in the USSR” is the cautious evaluation of the confidential expert report for the North Atlantic Council in October 1989. In 1988‒1991, the relationship was fundamentally transformed between the Western alliance system led by the United States and the East European socialist bloc dominated by the Soviet Union. The military, political, cultural, and ideological confrontation – with the weakening of Moscow and the collapse of its empire – was replaced during a few months by a new type of cooperation of the parties separated previously by the Iron Curtain. The eight reports from the NATO Archives (formerly classified confidential), published in the present volume for the first time in English, illuminate the East European events of these four eventful years from the perspective of expert advisors of the alliance. How were these dramatic changes in Eastern Europe perceived and interpreted in Brussels?
More...
Building Confidence in Peace reports and analyses the results of the firstin a series of public opinion surveys in Cyprus carried out by the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) in collaboration with Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot partners. The project, which began in late 2007, gained momentum and significance with the 21 March 2008 peace process launched by the Greek Cypriot President Demetris Christofias and his Turkish Cypriot counterpart Mehmet Ali Talat.Building Confidence in Peace reports and analyses the results of the first public opinion survey in Cyprus carried out by the Centre for European Policy Studies in collaboration with Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot partners. In the new atmosphere of relaunched negotiations in 2008, this book investigates what Cypriots think of each other, of the peace process and of possible solutions to the conflict. On the basis of our findings, a double need starkly emerges. First, it is essential to act, in parallel with the negotiating process, to raise public confidence in the peace process, in order to ensure that as and when an agreement is reached, the people will go along with it and make its ratification and implementation a success. Second, precisely because of persistent areas of divergence, a set of confidence-building measures (CBMs) should be envisaged to help narrow the gaps separating the two communities. This does not entail shifting attention from negotiations to CBMs. On the contrary, unilateral CBMs or non-controversial measures oriented towards inter-societal reconciliation may have a very positive impact and add momentum to the peace process within a strategic context of renewed negotiations. It is precisely in this spirit that we note the ongoing efforts to build confidence in parallel with the negotiations, first and foremost with the opening of the Ledra Street/Lokmacı gate crossing on 3 April 2008.
More...
In this paper, we examine two questions related to the sustainability of the major, neoliberal, economic and social reforms in the new EU member states, namely the flat income tax and private pension pillars. First, we look at the relationship between the political consensus/controversy at the time major policy reforms were passed and the future sustainability of these reforms after a change of government. Second, we explore what we call a paradox of reverse sustainability, where by the flat income tax has been more politically resilient during the global financial and economic crisis than private pensions, even though ex ante expectations and the literature would lead us to expect the opposite. The paper shows that controversy at the time the reforms were passed had no effect on subsequent sustainability, and the levels of partisanship and public support with regard to a specific reform seemless important than the political costs and benefits. We also find that despite their apparent neoliberalbent, the two policies are versatile enough to be shaped towards a variety of policy goals, allowing their introduction and retention in a variety of economic and social circumstances. In other words, even though private pensions and particularly the flat tax have powerful political connotations, they are by no means policy strait jackets.
More...
Der vorliegende Band analysiert Umstände und Folgen der kroatischen Arbeitsmigration nach Westdeutschland in den 60er und 70er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts. Bekannt unter dem Begriff Gastarbeitermigration wurde diese Wanderung in der ersten Zeit als vorläufige Beschäftigung der vornehmlich jüngeren männlichen Population mit niedriger Berufsqualifikation realisiert, in der Folge entwickelte sie sich aber zu einem längerfristigen Verbleib sowie Nachzug ganzer Familien nach Deutschland. Das Buch enthält Kapitel über Migranten und ihre Nachkommen, die sogenannte transnationale Generation in Deutschland. Die Grundlage für das Buch lieferten die mit Kroaten in Deutschland geführten Gespräche in der Zeitspanne von 2002 bis 2017. Dabei werden Schlüsselthemen und Metaphern erörtert, die aus dem Leben der Kroaten im Aufnahmeland (damaliges Westdeutschland) und dem Herkunftsland (damaliges Jugoslawien, heute Kroatien und Bosnien und Herzegowina) entspringen, aber auch jene, die sich aus dem transnationalen sozialen, jenseits der staatlichen Grenzen geschaffenen Raum herleiten.
More...
This paper provides an overview of the ‘state of the art’ in the academic literature on EU labour migration policies. It forms part of the research agenda of Work Package 18 of the NEUJOBS project, which aims at reviewing legislation and practices regarding the labour market inclusionand protection of rights of different categories of foreign workers in European labour markets. Accordingly, particular attention is paid to the works of scholars who evaluate the status of rights of third-country national workers in relation to labour market access, employment security, social integration, etc., in European legislation on labour immigration. More specifically, the review has selected those scholarly works that focus specifically on analysingthe manner in which policy-makers have addressed the granting of rights to non-EU migrant workers, and the manner in which policy agendas – through the relevant political and institutional dynamics – have found their translation in the legislation adopted.
More...
Does the 2009 Stockholm Programme matter? This paper addresses the controversies experienced at EU institutional levels as to ‘who’ should have ownership of the contours of the EU’s policy and legislative multiannual programming in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) in a post-Lisbon Treaty landscape. It examines the struggles around the third multiannual programme on the AFSJ, i.e. the Stockholm Programme, and the dilemmas affecting its implementation. The latest affair to emerge relates to the lack of fulfilment by the European Commission of the commitment to provide a mid-term evaluation of the Stockholm Programme’s implementation by mid-2012, as requested by both the Council and the European Parliament.
More...
From an examination of the instruments of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and related policy measures regarding border surveillance and migration management, two inter-related issues stand out as particularly sensitive: Access to asylum and responsibility for refugee protection.The prevailing view, supported by UNHCR and others, is that responsibility for the care of asylum seekers and the determination of their claims falls on the state within whose jurisdiction the claim is made. However, the possibility to shift that responsibility to another state through inter-state cooperation or unilateral mechanisms undertaken territorially as well as abroad has been a matter of great interest to EU Member States and institutions. Initiatives adopted so far challenge the prevailing view and have the potential to undermine compliance with international refugee and human rights law.
More...
Labour immigration schemes that effectively attract qualified immigrant workers are a policy priority for many governments. But what are ‘attractive’ labour immigration schemes and policies? To whom are (or should) such policies (be) attractive? In Europe, the US is often portrayed as one of the most ‘attractive’ countries of immigration – if not the most ‘attractive’. This paper aims to analyse and provide a better understanding of the elements of the US immigration system that are supposedly attractive to foreign workers, by examining key features of the current and prospective US labour immigration rules. The paper finds that ‘attractiveness’ in this policy context is a highly malleable and flexible concept: What might be ‘attractive’ to one key stakeholder might not be to another.
More...
Greater cooperation with third countries is one of the EU’s core responses to the refugee crisis. This cooperation is focused on the read mission of individuals irregularly staying in the EU, on border surveillance and control, and on the reception of refugees in third countries. The EU has attempted to co-opt Turkey and African countries into these priorities, using funding and specific mobility channels as incentives. This paper poses the question of what kind of cooperation the EU should pursue with third countries. As the current approaches are not new, we present the lessons from the EU’s long cooperation with Morocco to inform the current debate. We find that, first, the difficult negotiations on an EU Readmission Agreement with Morocco show that more funding or ‘incentives’ cannot guarantee such an agreement, let alone its implementation. Second, we highlight the challenges of the partly EU-funded and Frontex-coordinated cooperation on borders between Spain and Morocco, which hampers the capacity of third countries to respect migrants’ rights and challenges the obligations of EU member states under European and international law. Third, as EU cooperation with Turkey and Africa now aims to ‘stem’ the flow of asylum-seekers, the capacity of third countries to offer reception and protection to asylum-seekers is crucial. We conclude that Morocco has limited capacities in this regard, which raises the question of whether third countries can be assumed to be able to offer such reception and protection.
More...
Migratory pressure from abroad and populist trends in Europe have already put considerable stress on borderless Europe, despite the open borders being one of its most precious achievements. But what in the past could be seen as annoying yet temporary disturbances attained an entirely different character under the Danish initiative launched in early May 2011. The move to install permanent controls, including customs houses and video surveillance, alarmed not just Brussels but also travelers and business associations EU wide. Even though the new government has since banished the nightmare by repealing the border measures, one should still not sound the ‘all clear’ signal. With populist parties all over Europe, similar scenarios are likely to arise elsewhere.
More...
Jedną z najważniejszych, niedokończonych rewolucji we współczesnym świecie jest rewolucja godności: walka jednostek i grup o uznanie i respekt – niezależnie od religii, narodowości czy orientacji seksualnej. Autorka dowodzi, że rewolucja godności jest często dziełem małych, odważnych grup „humanistycznych renegatów”, od których zależy postęp moralny. Na nowo odczytuje polską rewolucję godności z lat 1976–1989: okres wyjątkowego „drugiego renesansu” w Europie, powrotu do ideałów godności, altruizmu, odwagi i współczucia. Pyta, jak wcześniejsze sposoby walki z autorytaryzmem mają się do XXI-wiecznych fejsbukowych rewolucji. Porównuje je z siłą przepływów cyfrowych, które napędzają współczesne „sieci oburzenia i nadziei”. Pokazuje, że rewolucja godności ma swego mrocznego sobowtóra: populizm, który obiecuje przywrócenie narodowej dumy i wielkości za cenę nowego autorytarnego zniewolenia.„W czasach, gdy pojęcie populizmu nabrało tak negatywnych konotacji, dobrze jest przypomnieć sobie jego emancypacyjne, postępowe oblicze. To książka, która mogłaby dać nadzieję George'owi Orwellowi”.Roger Griffin, prof. historii i politologii, Oxford Brookes University
More...
Otrzymaliśmy bardzo potrzebną monografię o Rohingya – jednej z najbardziej prześladowanych i umęczonych społeczności na świecie, milionie ludzi bez domów i ziemi, których żaden kraj nie chce przyjąć. Jest to równocześnie uniwersalna opowieść o dwóch „izmach” – kolonializmie i nacjonalizmie – które doprowadziły do obecnej tragedii. Powstawanie granic i narodziny narodów są niezwykle fascynujące, ale bywają też bolesne, pełne nienawiści i przemocy. I świadomość tego jest nam dziś bardzo potrzebna. Nie tylko w Azji.Agnieszka Lichnerowicz Kim są Rohingya? Na to wydawałoby się banalne pytanie nie ma prostej odpowiedzi. W tle jest tragedia miliona ludzi, o których przeszłości świat prawie nic nie wie. Ba, których nazwy nie jesteśmy w stanie dobrze wymówić. O fenomenie „narodu wygnanego” Rohingya pisze w prezentowanej monografii naukowej Michał Lubina, a jest to pierwsze tego typu przedsięwzięcie wydawnicze w Polsce. Autor jak mało kto w Polsce zna Birmę i to od podszewki. Naukowy styl potrafi okrasić anegdotą. Nie boi się stawiać odważnych tez niejako „pod włos” utartym interpretacjom. Otrzymana książka to lektura obowiązkowa dla tych wszystkich, którzy chcą wyjść poza nagłówki gazet i zrozumieć mechanizm jednego z większych exodusów współczesnego świata.Jacek Pawlicki, „Newsweek Polska”W 2017 roku armia birmańska doprowadziła do ucieczki z Birmy ponad 700 tys. muzułmanów Rohingya. W jednej z największych katastrof humanitarnych ostatnich lat doszło do czystki etnicznej, zbrodni przeciw ludzkości, a może nawet do ludobójstwa. Kim są Rohingya, dlaczego wzbudzają taką nienawiść i czemu stali się kolektywnym kozłem ofiarnym? W prezentowanej książce znajdziemy odpowiedzi – pozornie proste, a w istocie niesamowicie złożone – na te i wiele innych zasadniczych pytań związanych z Rohingya. Członkowie tej społeczności są muzułmanami i są prześladowani – to właściwie jedyne dwa fakty niepodlegające dyskusji. Reszta jest przedmiotem zażartych sporów, a ich wynik decyduje o losie ponadmilionowej wspólnoty. Książkę wzbogacają poruszające zdjęcia autorstwa Marcina Zaborowskiego. Ukazują one ludzki wymiar tragedii Rohingya i są ważnym świadectwem dopełniającym chłodną analizę naukową przedstawioną w wywodzie pracy. Dr Michał Lubina – adiunkt w Instytucie Bliskiego i Dalekiego Wschodu na Wydziale Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Autor kilku książek dotyczących Birmy, w tym m.in. Birma (Warszawa 2014), Pani Birmy Aung San Suu Kyi. Biografia polityczna (Warszawa 2015), a także The Moral Democracy. The Political Thought of Aung San Suu Kyi (Warszawa 2019).Patronat medialny: Radio TOK FM
More...
Seas and deserts are uniting and dividing elements of human life on this planet. The Mediterranean region, North Africa, and the Sahel have witnessed a long history of historical cycles of cooperation and conflict. Since the Arab Spring and the fall of Qaddafi in Libya in 2011, the region has received increasing international attention given the combination of violent conflict and unprecedented migration flows at Europe’s doorstep. This paper aims to analyse the scope and nature of the impact of security challenges in this region upon strategic communications, mainly for NATO and its member states. This study is based on the analysis of global and regional open sources regarding four key issues: terrorism, migration, illicit trafficking, and great power competition. These have been identified as macro areas that affect the entire region and are deeply influenced by information. The conclusions provide succinct recommendations on how to conduct an informed and successful STRATCOM campaign in the region.
More...
In this report, several of Russia’s strategic military exercises come under the spotlight to explore the messages and implications of these activities. A nation’s military exercises, especially strategic, are a form of important communication to a wide array of audiences including adversaries, allies, partners and the nation’s own population. This type of communication provides a better understanding of the scope and scale of a country’s military capabilities and readiness. It also provides valuable insights into a nation’s interests, operational art and strategic thinking. Military exercises support political, military and geopolitical intents as well as demonstrating capabilities and challenging our ways of thinking beyond the current framework of traditional military ‘modus operandi’.
More...
This paper focuses on Russia’s strategies in Africa. The first ever Russia-Africa summit, co-hosted in October 2019 by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi in Sochi, was presented by both Russian and international media as a milestone in Russia’s return to the African continent. Leaders and delegations of the vast majority of African states met with Russian President Vladimir Putin, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, and other Russian representatives to discuss possible projects of cooperation between their respective countries. The summit ranked among the largest of recent Africa-partner summits (EU-Africa, China-Africa, US-Africa, and Japan-Africa). For example, Russia was able to welcome more state delegations than the US at their summit. The declared initiatives of cooperation appeared impressive, ranging from nuclear energy, oil and gas, to automobile production and financial loans for various fields. This meeting sparked numerous claims by both Western and Russian media that Russia is a key player in the region. There are plans for organizing another summit in 2022.
More...
This study deals with the growing trend of Russia’s use of historical propaganda to further its foreign policy goals. It contains chapters written by experts in the field in the respective countries of Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Poland. The methodological aspects of the project were discussed in detail during a seminar in Riga on 11 December 2018. It was agreed that, for the integrity of the compendium, at least the central theme should be commonly understood as Jowett and O’Donnell conceptualise it: propaganda is a deliberate and systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behaviour to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist. Its systematic nature requires the longitudinal study of its progress. Because the essence of propaganda is its deliberateness of purpose, considerable investigation is required to find out what this purpose is.
More...