Възникване и развитие на македонските бежански културно-просветни и благотворителни братства в България (1878-1951)

Author(s): Stoyan Raychevski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Macedonian charity, cultural and educational fraternities in Bulgaria were established by the refugees from Macedonia who came to this country after Kresna-Razlog Uprising in 1878, the Illinden (St. Elijah's Day) Uprising in 1903, the Second Balkan War in 1913 and World War I. They originated on a purely fraternity basis with the aim of charity work, mutual support and preservation of family roots. The number of fraternities established by the refugees grew with their number in Bulgaria, running parallel to and enrichment of the forms of organization: clubs emerged, ephorie (boards of trustees), cooperatives, cultural and educational scocieties, orphanages, including banks such as the Macedonian Cooperative Bank and the Macedonian Popular Bank, and the Macedonian Research Institute among others. At the beginning of May 1934 there were about 540 Macedonian refugee structures established all acros Bulgaria with 50634 regularly reported members. The activity of the Macedonian fraternities was officially terminated with Decree № 130 of 1951 of the Presidium of the National Assembly. A special circular letter of the Ministry of Justice was issued whereby the company cases of the refugee organization were transferred to the regional and district courts where single-member panels presided. The decree of the Presidium transferred the entire property of the Macedonian charity fraternities and other Macedonian organisations to the newly-established Gotse Delchev Society in Sofia.

„…nálunk most es a Templomban a nyelvünk tiltva vann.” A moldvai csángók magyar nyelvű hitéletének története és jelene

Author(s): László Diószegi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Рапсодия vs. ода – „вносните“ модели за литературна иконизация

Author(s): Lyubka Lipcheva-Prandzheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the models of memory, which the cycle of odes “Epopee of the Forgotten” by the Bulgarian poet Ivan Vazov and the cycle “Rhapsodies of the Bulgarian Gusle-player” by the Slovenian poet Anton Ashkertz offer to the respective national audiences. The analysis bounces off the provocation of the mutual “dislike” of Ashkertz and Vazov so as to project through the textual juxtaposition of the shared by the two poets literary icon of “Vasil Levski” the different functionality of their means of expression

1898. 25 години от обесването на Левски: юбилей и преса

Author(s): Elena Getova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The year 1898 marked the first jubilee of Vasil Levski – 25 years since his hanging. The dynamics of political processes in liberated Bulgaria at the time present a rather interesting and particularly complex picture against the background of which this event unfolded. The stereotype of jubilee celebrations was yet to consolidate and this particular occasion – the anniversary since the death of the Apostle of freedom – makes visible the deep political contradictions inherited from previous historical realities. The manifestations of these contradictions can be seen in the press in 1898.

Държавническото иконизиране на Васил Левски в британската преса в периода 1867 – 1908 година

Author(s): Rumyana Zlatanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines for the first time the initial reception of Vasil Levski’s image and significance in the British daily and weekly press in the period 1867 – 1908. Commencing with a curious case of the first appearance of his name in the British press, the paper focusses further on press contributions reporting on a series of Bulgarian state ceremonies and commemorative events that, on the one hand, function as rituals of state iconisation of the Bulgarian national hero Vasil Levski and, on the other hand, exploit his high status for political purposes. In its final part the paper presents the first critical voices in the British press against the political instrumentalisation of Vasil Levski’s image in Bulgaria.

Левски, клирът и християнството – възможният дискурс

Author(s): Goran Blagoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The essay attempts to juxtapose and analyze the divergent and often contradictory stories accompanying Vasil Kunchev’s path into and out of monasticism, his subsequent religiosity, and his Christian consciousness. It outlines the image of a man experiencing doubts and inner conflicts but preserving his faith. His letters and proclamations clearly reveal how the knowledge of Christianity he had received and his life of faith shaped his revolutionary philosophy.

Национализмът на Васил Левски

Author(s): Todor Radev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

e need to segregate the true historic personality of Vasil Levski in his undisputed role and pivotal mission of Bulgarian national hero, from the mythical images created by the idiosyncratic viewpoints in different sociopolitical layers of time. The text duly justifies the need to rediscover the real personality of the Bulgarian Apostle of Freedom. The academic study follows the ideological transition of Vasil Levski from conservative nationalism, towards the liberating revolutionary nationalism of the Bulgarian Revival period. The study takes into consideration the indirect ideological impact of Giuseppe Mazzini over Vasil Levski, and follows up the unique application of the Mazzinist concepts of revolutionary nationalism in the specific Bulgarian conditions.

Символизации на образа на Васил Левски в самосъзнанието на бесарабските българи

Author(s): Elena Ratseeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article at hand deals with projections of Vasil Levski’s image in the self-consciousness of Bessarabian Bulgarians. The resettlement to Bessarabia took place long before the formation of Bulgarian semiological system and significantly prior to the appearance of the Vasil Levski culturologem as its substantial construct. Even though historically the diaspora has come a long way full of assimilation threats with public education in Bulgarian only becoming possible by the end of 1980’s, and the cultural processes together with the interethnic environment being very different from those in the metropolis, still the ethnocultural coordinate system of the young generation of Bessarabian Bulgarians (revealed by means of a directed associative experiment) holds the image of Vasil Levski as a key culturologem for the Bulgarian segment of personosphere of the 10th generation of Bulgarian immigrants in Bessarabia.

Engels — leksikografska bilješka

Author(s): Miroslav Artić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to examine how Friedrich Engels was assessed in encyclopedias, professional lexicons and philosophy textbooks at the time when Croatia was a constitutive part of the former Yugoslavia. The methodological basis for the perception of Engels in Croatia is positioned within the framework of a predetermined concept according to which socialist culture was to be built in Yugoslavia, in all its parts, in the spirit of the ‘socialist worldview’ asserting ‘socialist values’. (Viskovic 2001). The aim of this paper is to evaluate this specific political and cultural period, marked by systematic attempts to create a comprehensive encyclopedic knowledge that would shape and finally define the dominant cultural and political sign empowered by Engels’ work. At the same time, its symbolic power had the task of illuminating the direction for the construction of complex Yugoslav socialist culture. This is only a sketch, but also an incentive for a more complex research of this unique conceptual project on the construction of socialist culture.

History of Religions and Cultural Fashions Revisited

Author(s): Jerry Cullum / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The academic discipline of the history of religions is intrinsically interdisciplinary, and perhaps in a position to contribute particularly useful insights to the dialogue across academic boundaries. This essay is intended to present a very thin slice of cultural responses to our contemporary condition, and to suggest a few possible resources for analysis of them.

Remembering Victims and the Right of Younger Generations to Learn Facts-Based History

Author(s): Vesna Teršelič / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

When talking to people from different sides of social divides, I have witnesses the fact that piety to ‘their’ victims is needed in order to establish normal relations with the living. As a child, I heard a neighbour, who lost her husband, saying that she expected the public not only to talk about fascist camps, such as Gonars to which my grandfather was taken from occupied Ljubljana in 1942, but also of prisons such as the one in which she herself was imprisoned after WWII in 1945. She wished that her suffering, from the hands of repressive institutions of that time, to be also remembered. Today we remember that some soldiers, who themselves were victims of Nazi crimes and prosecuted as partisans and communists, after the war became themselves violent prosecutors and torturers. Although emphasizing piety to all innocent victims is slowly becoming a widely accepted standard of political correctness, few countries have approached the ideal of overcoming divisions into ‘our’ and ‘their’ victims, in which conditions have been met to investigate circumstances of death and memory of all who had suffered.

Pamćenje žrtava i ostvarivanje prava mladih generacija na učenje povijesti utemeljene na činjenicama

Author(s): Vesna Teršelič / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

U razgovorima s ljudima s različitih strana društvenih podjela uvjerila sam se kako je za normalizaciju odnosa prema živim a neophodan pijetet prema ‘njihovim ’ žrtvama. Još u djetinjstvu čula sam od susjede koja je izgubila muža kako očekuje da se u javnosti ne govori samo o fašističkim logorima, poput Gonarsa u koji je iz okupirane Ljubljane 1942. odveden moj djed, nego i o zatvoru u kome je poslije Drugog svjetskog rata 1945. bila zatvorena i sama. Željela je da i njena patnja u rukama tadašnjih represivnih institucija ostane zapamćena. Danas pamtimo da su neki ratnici, koji su i sami bili žrtve nacističkih zločina i proganjani kao partizani i komunisti, poslije rata i sam i postali nasilni isljednici i mučitelji. Mada isticanje pijeteta prema svim nevinim žrtvama polako postaje prihvaćeni standard političke korektnosti malo se zemalja približilo idealu nadilaženjem podjela na ‘naše ’ i ‘vaše ’ žrtve u kojima su sazreli uvjeti za istraživanje okolnosti smrti i pamćenje svih stradalih.

Španovica / Novo selo / Španovica - Znalo se? Nije se znalo? - Ogled o ukletom selu

Author(s): Vesna Kesić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Studija slučaja „Španovica/Novo Selo/Španovica“ bavi se istraživanjem memorije o ratnim stradanjima i životu u ratu i miru u selu dvojnog imena: Španovica/Novo Selo, smještenom u blizini gradića Pakraca, tradicionalnog administrativnog i kulturnog središta zapadne Slavonije. Razdoblje koje studija obuhvaća relativno je dugo i traje od nastanka sela, 1886. unutar Austro-Ugarske Monarhije do danas. U tom razdoblju selo je prošlo kroz nekoliko masivnih povijesnih promjena: raspad Austro-Ugarske Monarhije, nastanak i nestanak tzv. prve Jugoslavije (Kraljevine Jugoslavije), kroz Drugi svjetski rat, novu socijalističku Jugoslaviju (SFRJ) i na kraju, rat u kojem se raspala i ta država. Selo je od 1991. godine u državnom kontinuitetu Republike Hrvatske.

Население придунайского региона в конце XVIII ‑ начале ХІХ вв.: происхождение, пути миграций, етносоциальный состав, демография, внешность (реконструкции на примере города ‑ крепости Измаил)

Author(s): Elena Bacinscaia / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Autoarea analizează pe baza informaţiilor de arhivă schimbările demografice complexe care au loc la Dunărea de Jos (Bugeac) în contextul schimbării stăpânirii otomane cu cea rusă. Pornind de la cazul oraşului Ismail, sunt analizate originea locuitorilor stabiliţi în nordul braţului Chilia, structura socială şi familială, originea etnică, pe baza numelor păstrate în documente.

Raporturile dintre populaţia autohtonă a Basarabiei şi minorităţile confesionale în prima jumătate a secolului al XIX‑lea

Author(s): Ion Gumenâi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Anexarea Basarabiei şi încadrarea acesteia Imperiului Rus a dus, pe lângă alte schimbări, şi la o modificare a structurii confesionale a acestui teritoriu. Ne referim la faptul că în această regiune, datorită politicii de colonizare şi altor factori, au apărut, pe de o parte, o serie de curente religioase necunoscute până în acel moment în ţinutul dintre Prut şi Nistru, iar, pe de altă parte, la creşterea artificială numerică a altor curente religioase convenabile Curţii Imperiale de la Sankt‑Petersburg.

Problema cetăţeniei refugiaţilor basarabeni din România, aspect al luptei pentru păstrarea identităţii naţionale

Author(s): Mihaela TEODOR / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

În contextul discuţiilor aprinse din ultimul timp pe margi- nea legii privind acordarea cetăţeniei române basarabenilor şi bucovinenilor, mi-am pus întrebarea dacă cetăţenia ar putea fi un aspect al identităţii naţionale. În acelaşi timp am încercat să descopăr dacă în trecut a existat un alt moment de discuţii aprinse privind cetăţenia română a basarabenilor. Imediat după 23 august 1944 a existat un astfel de moment, în care soarta refugiaţilor din Basarabia şi Bucovina de Nord a depins de evoluţia discuţiilor în jurul articolului cinci al Convenţiei de Armistiţiu, privind cetăţenia acestor refugiaţi şi implicit a tuturor locuitorilor din teritoriile cedate în 1940.

Война 1941‑1945 гг. Против христианских святынь южной бессарабии: К вопросу об ущербе и авторстве

Author(s): Micola Ivanovici Mihăiluţă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Articolul face referire la distrugerile suferite de biserici şi alte clădiri cu caracter religios din zona Bugeacului în anii celui de‑al Doilea Război Mondial. Ţinta studiului este stabilirea celor responsabili pentru distrugerile provocate pe durata conflictelor din regiune.

Transformările identitare în mediul intelectualităţii din Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească între anii 50' ‑ 80' ai secolului al XX‑lea

Author(s): Angela Lisnic / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Studiul de faţă are ca obiect de cercetare mediul intelectual din Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească (RSSM) în perioada anilor '50 – '80 ai secolului al XX-lea, văzut ca parte componentă a mediului intelectual din sistemul sovietic. Obiectivul urmărit este axat pe sublinierea transformărilor identitare de tip etnic şi social ale intelectualităţii din RSSM prin prisma constituirii şi evoluţiei sistemului totalitar de tip comunist, cu scopul de a evidenţia schimbările care au intervenit în acest grup social.

Sistemul educaţional sovietic – pârghie de modificare a identităţii în rândul cadrelor didactice din Basarabia (anii 50 – 80 ai secolului al XX‑lea)

Author(s): Angela Lisnic,Nadejda Scobioală / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Este cunoscut faptul că fenomenul educaţional a apărut ca o preocupare umană, încă din primele momente ale umanităţii, preocupare menită de a-i ajuta pe semeni să-şi perfecţioneze capacităţile de adaptare de care dispun la un moment dat. În problema scopurilor educaţiei, divergenţele au apărut mai târziu, atunci când a existat un interes în a trasa acele însuşiri umane spre care trebuie să se orienteze cu prioritate acţiunea educativă şi, legat de aceasta, a modului în care ar putea să fie influenţat individul prin educaţie. Subiectul prezentului studiu îl reprezintă analiza sistemului educaţional din perioada sovietică, aplicat la spaţiul Republicii Sovietice Socialiste Moldoveneşti (RSSM).

Criza identitară din Republica Moldova în contextul globalizării

Author(s): Lucia Sava / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Identitatea naţională se formează în epoca naţionalismului, atunci când societăţile s-au organizat conform principiului naţional. Procesul a fost cu certitudine dirijat de autorităţi, după ce au luat naştere pe parcurs instituţiile naţionale. Din acel moment limbii şi culturii majorităţii, tradiţiilor şi istoriei naţionale li se acordă un loc central. Rezultatul final al unui proces reuşit de construcţie naţională este, printre altele, crearea identităţii naţionale.