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ŚWIĘCI I POSTACIE BIBLIJNE W HERBACH MIAST W WOJEWÓDZTWIE WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIM

Author(s): Maria Piechocka-Kłos / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2017

Fourteen cities of the forty-nine evoke currently the saints, biblical figures or symbols and attributes associated with them in their coats of arms in the province of Warmia and Masuria. The image of Our Lady appears on the shield of cities: Iława, Frombork and Pasym. John the Baptist is the patron of Pisz. The apostles find also their place in urban coats of Warmia and Masuria: St. Jacob (Olsztyn), St. Peter and Paul (Olsztynek, Pieniężno) and St. Jan (Zalewo, Kisielice). There are not only biblical figures, but also persons of saints in the coats of the cities, ie. St. Catherine in Działdowo, St. Rozalia in Susz and St. George is identified with the city of Ostróda.

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Kwestia robotnicza w USA w I poł. XX w. Wkład Kościoła katolickiego w jej rozwiązanie

Author(s): Marcin Graban / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The problems of workers’ wages taken by the Catholic Church in the UnitedStates of America are interesting issues from the point of view of the ethics of economic life and the development of Catholic social thought. The interpretation of the main Catholic social ideas contained in Leo XIII’s encyclical letter Rerumnovarum was made by Father John Augustine Ryan (1896–1945), who soon became a major proponent of the idea that a good economic policy can flow only with good ethics. In the history of the United States of America, the turn of 19th and 20th centuries was a time of the development of labor unions, associations, and workers’ organizations, consolidating efforts to achieve equitable remuneration(a living wage) and regulate working conditions. It was also a time of struggling with the ideas of socialism and nationalism. The Catholic Church played a significant role in the discourse on these issues, including the influence of JohnA. Ryan. His efforts led to one of the most important interpretations of economic life: The Program of Social Reconstruction (1919), and some postulates can be found in the legislation of the New Deal.

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Градот Скопје и османлиска Македонија низ две парадигми на еден автор

Author(s): Makedonka Mitrova / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1/2017

The two studies by Stojan Novakovic that are analysed in this article refer to Skopje, but they also cover some aspects of the socio-political life in Ottoman Macedonia. The first study titled: “From Morava to Vardar” (S Morave na Vardar) was written by Novakovic in 1886, while the second one titled “Two Days in Skopje (Dva dana u Skoplje) in 1905. The need of a comparative analysis of these two studies emerges on its own if one take into consideration that they treat the same topic, but in time difference of almost two decades from the time they were written and published. The first study carries features of a geographical-anthropological essay, while in the second one the author’s historical-political discourse on Skopje (and further on the Ottoman Macedonia) dominates.

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O Bandoleirismo nas antigas capitanias de Minas Gerais e de Pernambuco América Portuguesa, século XVIII

Author(s): Rodrigo Leonardo de Sousa Oliveira / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 15/2016

The objective of this work is to present the main results of our research on the universe of “bandoleirismo” in ancient Portuguese America, mainly in the captaincies of Minas Gerais and Pernambuco in the 18th century. In the end, we will defend the premise that the agglomeration of these bandits in their respective localities was due, among other factors, to the impacts of the famous “Law of Good Reason” (attempt to break with the centralist ideals of the Crown).

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Niedotrzymanie kontraktu zaręczynowego u Ormian polskich (na przykładzie procesu sądowego z 1698 roku w Stanisławowie)

Author(s): Andrzej Gliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Cases associated with the failure to keep the terms of nuptial contracts are relevantfor the study of various aspects of the functioning of the burgher family in the Old Polish period. In Armenian records of court proceedings from Stanisławów (now: Ivano-Frankivsk) there were about a dozen of cases from which we may infer that there where situations when the terms of a contract were not kept. The position ofa woman in a family depended to a great extent on the terms of a nuptial contract.

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Ormianie polscy w Besarabii

Author(s): Jakub Ber / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Polish Armenians used to settle in Bessarabia since the early years of Russian rulein this province (after 1812). Initially their activities focused on the lease of land, rearing cattle and its export to Austria. In the second half of the 19th century the wealthiest representatives of these people (families such as Antoniewicz, Demianowicz, Negrusz, Ohanowicz, Szymonowicz) managed to accumulate considerable capital, owing to which they managed to purchase and acquire ownership of great estates in northern Bessarabia. The circumstances of their rise in economic status were a source of controversy and they were strictly associated with the problem of the estates of foreign religious orders. The peak of the influence of Polish Armenians in Bessarabia was associated with the final two decades of Russian rule in that province i.e. the turn of the 20th century. In this context, the figure of Antoni Demianowicz was crucial. He was a deputy during all four terms of the Russian State Duma and one of the principal Bessarabian politicians of this period.The outbreak of the Russian revolution put an end to the “golden age” of the Polish Armenians in Bessarabia, whose fate was sealed by the Romanian agricultural reform of 1920 and the deep crisis which struck this province in the inter-warperiod.

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Nieznana metryka zaślubionych ormiańskotaloickiej parafii w Kutach z lat 1868–1882

Author(s): Franciszek Wasyl / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

A heretofore unknown nuptial register from the Armenian Catholic Parish in Kuty from 1868-1882 was found in the collections of the Central State Historical Archiveof Ukraine in Lwów (Lviv), the complex of the Greek Catholic Metropolitan Consistory (fond 201). The present article engages the task of the publication of this material along with the elements of source-based criticism. The purpose of this editorial endeavour is to furnish researchers with material to study the “matrimonial market” among Galician Armenians. The curious reader will also find useful information associated with genealogical inquisitions.

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Paschalis (Arutiun) Jakubowicz i trzy pasy kontuszowe w zbiorach Muzeum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Author(s): Joanna Sławińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

The Museum of the Jagiellonian University holds three belts associated with theactivities of Paschalis Jakubowicz, a producer of kontusz saches in the period of the Great Sejm. One of such belts, which features a paschal lamb between the letters PI, was woven in a persjarnia (a workshop where kontusz belts were made) established by Jakubowicz in Lipków near Warsaw. Another one, which featuresthe letters PI, originates from a weaver’s workshop in Lyon, which produces kontusz belts intended for the Polish market, also commissioned by Jakubowicz. In the case of the last one, which features the letters FS, at this stage of research it is difficult to establish whether it was made in Lyon or whether it should be considered a product of the Kraków workshop, which received an order from Jakubowicz.

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Od spowiednika do społecznika. Transformacja roli społecznej duchownego w II Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Karol Chylak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

The easiest and perhaps a bit stereotypical thinking about the role of priest makes him positioned in sacred space. Undoubtedly, he is an activist in this area by taking responsibility for leading his flock to redemption. Without any doubt the roles connected with holding particular positions in the governmental structures were traditional. In addition clergy, especially lower ones, were often in a position of a mediator (peasant – landlord). These traditional roles were built in feudal society and in this social structure. Meanwhile, the industrial revolution and intense processes of industrialization and urbanization changed the face of the world, they changed the circumstances in which people were supposed to live in those days. There were social and political changes that could not be unnoticed, in particular voting rights were given to other groups of people and modern concepts – which met with a wide public response (socialism especially) – were developed. They became the basis for the change of church’s and clergy’s attitudes towards both society and their place and role in the society. A doctrinal basis of this transformation became the encyclical of Pope Leon XIII Rerum novarum as of 1891 together with it the Quadragesimo anno (1931) implemented four decades later. There was a great social movement in Poland at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The movement that initiated and activated, in other words woke communities up to life, that built social capital. Of course that movement had different social composition but a very important part in that composition was assumed by clergy. Both social status and priestly role were formed again. Changes in attitudes towards a man and interest in man’s mundane part of life had to result in both the transformation of the clergy’s role and the extension of their responsibility for the secular sphere. Times of the Second Republic of Poland led to a complete development of new roles and attitudes among clergy.

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KINSHIP AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF EARLY ROMAN SOCIETY: SUBSTITUTION IN FUNCTION – THE FATHER AND THE SON

Author(s): Miroslava Mirkovic / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2012

The king’s family in Rome represents the model of social relations in the early period of Roman history. Roman mythology and legends offer examples of kinship and the social interaction of persons which are not characteristic of Indo-European societies. Early social structure, in the time of the seven kings, left vestiges in both the legends and the language. Parallel to that in existence in Rome and some other countries is the structure in primitive societies, which were investigated by L. H. Morgan, B. Malinowski, and other early anthropologists, who based their conclusions on direct contact with communities in America and the Pacific in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and anthropologists today who conducted their research in Africa. The elementary family type, father – mother – children, characteristic of the Indo-European society from antiquity until to-day, is not attested as a social entity in the legends concerning the Roman kings.

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Гиляров-Платонов как журналист и издатель

Author(s): O.S. Kruglikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2016

The paper provides an overview of the journalistic and publishing activities of N.P. Gilyarov-Platonov (1824–1887), one of the prominent representatives of the Russian conservative thought. N.P. Gilyarov-Platonov’s talent was manifested in a variety of spheres: he was known by his contemporaries as a writer, publisher, philosopher, theologian, social activist, and censor. However, his significant role in the social processes that took place in Russia during the 19th century has been studied insufficiently. This paper is intended to fill a gap in the study of his journalistic works. As a result of the research on the content of editions, memoirs, and correspondence between N.P. Gilyarov-Platonov and his confederates, which was carried out using the comparative-historical method, the typological features of N.P. Gilyarov-Platonov’s publications “Sovremennye Izvestia” (Contemporary News) and “Raduga” (Rainbow) are revealed, N.P. Gilyarov-Platonov’s views on the role of journalists in society are considered, and his approaches to organization of publishing are discussed. The paper analyzes N.P. Gilyarov-Platonov’s publications “Sovremennye Izvestia” and “Raduga” as an uncial format in Russian journalism, which combined an entertaining tone of cheap editions for hoi polloi with the political orientation and educational content. N.P. Gilyarov-Platonov’s publications were not economically successful, partly because of the frequent clashes with the censorship that utilized the economic leverage for pressure (retailing ban), as well as due to the weakness of the publisher’s business abilities to some extent.

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Социокультурная среда в России начала ХХ века и ее влияние на становление журналистики

Author(s): A.G. Astashkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2017

The socio-cultural conditions that caused the emergence of the media system of the early 20th century have been explored. In the early 20th century, the society of Russia faced political, economic, and technological modernization, during which a new type of journalism developed. It differed dramatically from journalism of the 18th – 19th centuries and survived in its general outline to the present day. The following main factors determine the nature of this new journalism: urbanization and emergence of mass urban population with enough time and resources to consume printed products; democratization, including the involvement of urban lower-middle class, merchants, and women in education and culture; state policy on promotion of primary and higher education.

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Stosunek Kościoła katolickiego do ruchów religijnych w górnośląskiej części województwa śląskiego (1922—1939)

Author(s): Joanna Karabin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2017

The following article aims at showcasing the changes in the attitude of the Catholic Church towardsvarious sects against the backdrop of the transformations in the Polish Upper Silesia. Accordingto the Catholic Church, the existence of various sects contributed to the further destabilization of theworld, already shaken by the events of World War I, and broke social order as well religious unity. Forthese reasons, apart from the obvious differences in dogma, the Church in the Polish Upper Silesiastrongly opposed sectarian movements. The most effective way to counteract these perceived issueswas, according to the Church, to discredit the sectarians in the eyes of the Catholic public. For thatreason, the Catholic press published reports showing the devastating impact of sects on family life,vocational success or even personal happiness. However, in seeking help from the state, the Churchhad put itself in a precarious position, since the Church’s stance against the tolerant religious attitudesof the Second Polish Republic could have been perceived as nostalgia for the Prussian timesand thus anti-patriotic. The principled position of the Catholic Church, as well as a desire to excludeother sects and the members of religious minorities from the Catholic ecclesiastical authority, createda precedent that promoted religious — and, in consequence, also social — intolerance. The right toa monopoly on spreading their ideology was a source of tension; however, that did not stop the processof social integration.

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PIWNE ŚLADY W UNIEJOWIE

Author(s): Jędrzej Tomasz Kałużny / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 6/2017

Beer has for centuries been one of the most popular beverages. Uniejów, due to its strategiclocation, attracted numerous merchants and traders, and was often visited by clergymen. Thereforethere must have been inns in the city to accommodate the travellers, as well as breweries and malthouses producing beer for them and for the inhabitants. The brewing of beer, which initially wasnot controlled in any way, gradually became a privilege controlled by city guilds. There are manyhistorical records indicating that beer played an important role in the history of Uniejów.

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Kilka uwag o pozycji i kompetencjach późnorzymskiego wikariusza Teodora w prowincji Palaestina Tertia w VII wieku

Author(s): Łukasz Smorczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: XIV/2015

The final decade of the Roman administration’s presence in the Middle East is still a contentious issue in the studies devoted to Late Antiquity. Whether continuation or reorganization prevailed in the management of the oriental provinces prior to the Arabic conquest is still a matter of controversy. The author focuses on the administrative position of the vicar who acted as a military commander in Palaestina Tertia in the early 7th century A.D. This Roman official named Theodore is mentioned in three Byzantine chronicles, all of which describe his victory against Arab troops in the battle of Muta on the 23rd of September 629 A.D. Theophanes Confessor and Anastasius the Librarian state that Theodor had held a post ὁ Βικάριος/Vicarius. However, the chronicler Kedrenos calls him a cubicularius. The PLRE mentioned two possible identifications, that is either that Theodor was a diocesan vicar, or that he was a member of sacrum cubiculum. The paper uses additional evidence on the period to revise the interpretation of Theodore’s post. First of all, the term “vicar” should not be understood solely as a civilian office. On the contrary, vicar was also a military rank, well attested in sources, which depicted his place in the Roman army hierarchy as equal to a military tribune. Secondly, Kedrenos abbreviated events that preceded the Arab conquest of the Roman East, and thus he mixed two different persons in his narration. Presumably Theodor acted as a deputy of the local dux rather than a common commander of a stronghold located close to the imperial border. In fact, Theodore was neither a diocesan vicar nor a cubicularius. Both of the previous identification proposed by the authors of the PLRE should be rejected.

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A 18. század végi és a reformkori hatalmi elit rokoni kapcsolati hálózata

Author(s): Gyula Csaba Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 70/2017

The study examines the kinship network of the highest echelons of the Hungarian elite in the last two decades of the eighteenth century and in the Reform Era until the mid-nineteenth century, that is, the lay dignitaries of real national influence and power, including judges royal, chamberlains (magister tavarnicorum), court chancellors, and chief justices (personalis regiae). In order to generate comparable and analysable data, the author used a network analysis software to quantify the family relationships connecting the dignitaries of the period. The data was then analysed to reconstruct general tendencies and flag interesting and unusual individual cases.The study differentiated between newcomers and those who came from the traditional stock of the powerful elite. It reveals that the elite in power had a tightly knit core whose members always came from the latter group. At the end of the eighteenth century, members of this core were somewhat more closely interrelated with one another than those in the Reform Era. In addition, the study also demonstrates that the number of newly established members of the elite was higher than that in the Reform Era.About half of the newcomers at the end of the eighteenth century were closely related to one another but had loose ties with the aforementioned core group. It is thus justifiable to suggest that they used their family ties already in the process of their upward mobility. The family ties among themselves, however, were not sufficient to establish stronger bonds with the networks of the old elite, which meant that they were unable to integrate into the existing web of power in the long run. At the same time, the rest of the newcomers, both at the end of the eighteenth century and in the Reform Era, entertained closer ties only to the core group coming from the traditional stock. These relationships were often forged after the newcomers’ arrival to the scene and they were only related to one another through their shared connections with the core group. From one generation to another, these individuals – those who rose to their elite positions without the help of family ties – were more successful in establishing strong bonds with members of the old elite and eventually managed to establish their families as integral parts of the traditional core.

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KOŚCIÓŁ ŚW. WAWRZYŃCA W ROSSOSZYCY – ZARYS HISTORII I STAN OBECNY

Author(s): Elżbieta Jarczak,Agnieszka Litwa / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 17/2017

The parish church of St. Lawrence in Rossoszyca, built of larch wood at the end o fthe 18th century, is one of the most valuable historical monuments in the Szadek region.Over the past two hundred years it was renovated many times. The year 2016 was the 600 anniversary of the establishment of the Rossoszyca parish, which gave an impulse for undertaking in 2014 yet another, thorough renovation of the church, which is still going on. The present church building is the third one erected in this location. The first one existed in 1770–1773, to be replaced by another church, which burnt down in 1781.The third building, erected in 1783, has survived until today. Apart from the history of the church , the article outlines the restoration work carried out since 2014.

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DENDROFLORA PARKU PODWORSKIEGO WE WSI WOJSŁAWICE W POWIECIE ZDUŃSKOWOLSKIM

Author(s): Beata Woziwoda,Katarzyna Brzeska,Anna Woziwoda,Agnieszka Kopka / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 17/2017

Park in Wojsławice is a valuable remnant of the former manor (palace)-park complex, established at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries around the seat of the Siemiątkowski family. The original spatial arrangement of the complex has been changed as a result of changes in the form of area use after nationalization and then privatization (of a part) of the facility. At present, the flora of trees and shrubs includes 73 species (20 conifers and 53 deciduous), which represent 23 families. The characteristic component of the park are numerous magnificent specimens of European ash Fraxinus excelsior, Norway maple Acer platanoides and Canadian poplar Populus canadensis. A varied-in-species groups of trees, best preserved around the palace (the central part of the complex), are the highest value of the park. Newer elements are build mainly by the colourful varieties and forms of alien species of coniferous and deciduous shrubs. Among 281 trees and shrubs, noted in the available non-forested part of the park and nearly 300 trees noted in the forested area, which were inventoried in details, 10 trees achieve a size of natural monuments.

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PROJEKT BUDOWY ZAKŁADÓW PRZEMYSŁU JEDWABNICZEGO W SZADKU (1954–1956)

Author(s): Jarosław Stulczewski / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 17/2017

The concept of building a silk-producing plant near Szadek appeared in 1954. The factory was to consist of a weaving plant (equipped with 580 looms) and some auxiliary departments. It was intended to produce artificial silk for dresses, blouses, underwear and bed linen. The construction was to take place in 1955–1956. Eventually the project was cancelled and the factory was built in Gorzów Wielkopolski.

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TADEUSZ SAWICKI (1912–1939) – LOTNIK POLEGŁY NA ZIEMI SZADKOWSKIEJ. WSPOMNIENIE RODZINY

Author(s): Ryszard Sawicki,Danuta Sawicka-Miszewska,Leszek Sawicki / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 17/2017

Tadeusz Wiesław Sawicki – born in Dolno (Stanisławów province), officer of thePolish Air Force, was killed in the area of Szadek in the first days of December 1939. Sawicki was a man of many interests. He participated in chess championships in the chess club “Hełm” in Lviv, and played in many other games and sports. He also collected and raised butterflies and moths. In 1935 Sawicki began military service. He completed the School for Air Force Officer Cadets in Dęblin. During the first days of World War II he did reconnoitring flights in II platoon of the 33 Aerial Squadron. On 5th September, during a flight with pilot Brunon Ślebioda, their plane RWD–14b “Czapla” was shot down and crashed between Szadek and Zadzim, in the forest near the village of Góry Prusinowskie. The recollections about Tadeusz were written by Danuta, Leszek and Zbyszek(sister and brothers).

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