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Sailing route leading from central Dalmatia to the Gargano region was one of the most heavily travelled seaways in antiquity. On the one hand it is marked by the toponyms associated with Diomedes and his cult in historical and geographical sources (Diomedes' cape, Diomedes' city/cities, Diomedes' islands and Diomedes' sanctuary), and on the other hand by the information on the distance between the two coasts or some central Dalmatian islands and Italian coast of the Adriatic. Exceptional frequency of such sailing was supported by the fact that one could sail directly to the south or vice versa directly to the north which was of crucial importance in ancient navigation in theoretical and practical terms. Palagruža (Vela and Mala), the Islands of Diomedes in antiquity, were orientation landmarks of exceptional importance on this sea route. The text offers a detailed analysis of the most important historical and geographical information provided by the ancient writers who shed more light on such position of both islands of Palagruža in antiquity. Recent results of the archaeological research initiated questioning of ancient sources on Diomedes and presence of his cult in the Adriatic. Analysis of these sources, significantly different regarding time of creation and character, has indicated that the Islands of Diomedes include Vela and Mala Palagruža. Crucial factor for establishing Diomedes' cult on these islands is their location on the navigation route that connected two coasts of the Adriatic Sea from the earliest times. Both islands, as terrestrial landmarks, had crucial importance on this route. This is perhaps best illustrated, for the later periods, by the medieval navigation maps in which defining Palagruža is a conditio sine qua non (Kozličić, 1995a, passim).
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Review of: Ragip Ballata, Mësuesit e Gjakovës misionarë në trevat shqiptare” (Brezi I dhe II, shek. XX), dhe , Themelet e arsimit shqip në Gjakovë” (1915-1918 dhe 1941-1945), të botuara nga Shoqata Intelektualëve “Jakova” - Gjakovë, 2017.
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Review of: Shpend Avdiu, Kosova gjatë viteve 1912-1915, Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës, Prishtinë, 2018, fq. 344.
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In questo allegato si riportano i resoconti originali della redenzione dei cristiani dalla schiavitù turca alla fine del XVI secolo e all’inizio del XVII secolo. Sono principalmente le persone provenienti dall’Erzegovina, ma ci sono anche quelle provenienti da altre regioni, in particolare da Dubrovnik e dalla zona circostante. Il riscatto è stato fatto a legislazione umanitaria legiferato da individui, che erano destinati a queste intenzioni. Molti l’hanno fatto come testamento. Uno di questi era il mercante Petar Stjepanovic-Miloradovic, nativo di Ravno a Popovo. Alla vigilia della sua morte a Szegedin, nel suo testamento del 1597, ha lasciato una somma del denaro per riscattare i cristiani che sono caduti nella schiavitù turca. Il suo legato - testamento, secondo noti documenti, hanno usato 14 persone, della sua famiglia, parenti stretti e amici, ma anche persone e sconosciuti significativamente più del tutto sconosciuti. Il secondo personaggio che lasciò il legato - testamento nel 1691. per comprare i cristiani dalla schiavitù turca fu il mercante levante Frano Kaludjer, nativo della costa di Slano, vicino a Dubrovnik. Alla cattura della gente hanno fatto ricorso anche pirati – gusari, uskoci e hajduci (briganti).
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Review of: Grischa Vercamer: Siedlungs-, Sozial- und Verwaltungsgeschichte der Komturei Königsberg in Preußen (13.-16. Jahrhundert). (Einzelschriften der Historischen Kommission für ost- und westpreußische Landesforschung, Bd. 29.) Elwert. Marburg 2010. IX, 656 S., DVD. ISBN 978-3-7708-1339-1. (€ 72,–.). Reviewed by Annika Souhr-Könighaus.
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Review of: Jörg Ganzenmüller: Russische Staatsgewalt und polnischer Adel. Elitenintegration und Staatsausbau im Westen des Zarenreiches (1772-1850). (Beiträge zur Geschichte Osteuropas, Bd. 46.) Böhlau. Köln u.a. 2013. 425 S., Kt. ISBN 978-3-412-20944-5. (€ 59,90.). Reviewed by Heidi Hein-Kircher.
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Housing registers of Moscow of the Civil War period were a form of registration for citizens and contain various information about them. Many such record books of the period of 1917–1924 are held in the Central State Archive of Moscow. This material has not yet been analyzed in historical researches. The article introduces house registers into scientific use as an ethnodemographical source. The obtained data will be helpful for gaining new knowledge about the population of Moscow in the early 20th century and adding new information about the city and its individual parts. The research is based on 21 house registers, which compile a database of 7,330 entries over the period from 1918 till 1921. The selected addresses are distributed over five militia stations in Moscow. The obtained data made it possible to construct a plot of the dynamics of the total number of inhabitants. The research provides tables of correlation between the local population of Moscow and newly-arrived population; of the sex and age structure and the ethnic makeup. These characteristics were compared to the results of censuses in Moscow in 1918 and 1920. It shows that house registers convey the main tendencies of ethnodemographical processes, but they have certain peculiarities. Unlike censuses, the new source allows to see dynamics of ethnodemographical characteristics and combine multiple indicators. House registers can be used to conduct at different levels, and to obtain data about the ethnodemography of Moscow’s population both for the entire city and localities within it.
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Review of: Besetzt, interniert, deportiert. Der Erste Weltkrieg und die deutsche, jüdische, polnische und ukrainische Zivilbevölkerung im östlichen Europa. Hrsg. von Alfred Eisfeld , Guido Hausmann und Dietmar Neutatz . (Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Geschichte im östlichen Europa, Bd. 39.) Klartext-Verl. Essen 2013. 384 S., Ill., Kt. ISBN 978-3-8375- 0783-6. (€ 39,95.). Reviewed by Severin Gawlitta.
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Using a broad source base, including previously unpublished materials, this study examines teaching in Magnitogorsk in the period of accelerated industrialization as a unique emotional community with a special type of daily life.. The predominant historical sources are recollections of Magnitogorsk teachers, written at different times relative to the time of studied events. The article uses methodological tools proposed by Iu. Bessmertny, H. R. Iausom, J. Plamper, and W. Reddy. The social portrait of a Magnitogorsk teacher was far from ideal. Teachers were dominated by women under the age of 20, with minimal experience and education, but official discourse and memories about teachers at Magnitostroi drew on a universal reference image of a professional Soviet teacher. The educational community at Magnitostroi was a complex emotional microcosm in which a variety of emotional repertoires coexisted, and teachers themselves belonged to different emotional communities that demonstrated sometimes unusual emotional reactions. Features of social conditions, the overall level of improvement of teachers’ lives and work of teachers, defined the landscapes of everyday life and features of the dominant emotional regime. The last was an official state ideology, adapted to the specific sociocultural and individual peculiarities of city, community, and people.
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This article applies the categorizations of systems theory to the everyday behaviour of workers and the works council movement in Czechoslovakia between 1945 and 1968. Its central aim is to investigate the ways in which this theory handles socialist alternatives to State Socialism, such as the works council movement. Overall, when seen from the perspective of systems theory, the characteristics of this movement do not lend themselves to the construction of a society conforming to the theory’s structural requirements. The radical egalitarianism of the works councils with regards to wages policy sets it in opposition to the (empirically untenable) systems theory thesis which regards performance alone as authenticating the functional differentiation of wage relations; the council’s efforts to level existing hierarchies run counter to the assertion of the indispensability of a hierarchically structured social system, and the democratization of power relations within the factories as practised by the works council was rejected as adversely impacting upon operational performance. This latter point demonstrates that systems theory is based upon a hierarchical ranking of values in which the controlling resources of the system have priority over socially-constructed contexts of interpretation, and that it is indifferent towards emancipatory moments since they cannot handle the concept of “control”. As a hybrid consisting of structural elements from both socialist and market-constituted societies, the works council movement therefore falls through the terminological net of systems theory. Like State Socialism, is does not adhere to the demand within this theory for a functional differentiation between economics and politics. Although systems theory has a high opinion of the cognitive value of its own insights, highlighting that these have been drawn from various heterogeneous situations, its arguments remain firmly embedded within the framework of a Fordist model of production, as is clearly demonstrated by its insistence upon the functional differentiation between the world of work and that of everyday life. The reshaping of the working environment by the Czechoslovakian working class as a result of concerns arising from the living environment is portrayed by systems theory as a major factor contributing to the collapse of State Socialism, since it served to disincentives performance. This scenario only appears plausible, however, because it does not recognize that the transition to a post-Fordist model of production in modern society has been accompanied by an increased blurring of the clear differentiation between the working and living environments.
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Review of: Adel und Wirtschaft. Lebensunterhalt der Adeligen in der Moderne. Hrsg. von Ivo Cerman und Luboš Velek . (Studien zum mitteleuropäischen Adel, Bd. 2.) Meidenbauer. München 2009. 302 S., Ill., graph. Darst. ISBN 978-3-89975-056-0. (€ 44,–.). Reviewed by Eduard Kubů and Jiří Šouša.
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Review of: Geteilte Regionen – geteilte Geschichtskulturen? Muster der europäischen Identitätsbildung im europäischen Vergleich. Hrsg. von Burkhard Olschowsky . (Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im östlichen Europa, Bd. 47.) Oldenbourg. München 2013. 450 S., zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. ISBN 978-3-486-71210-0. (€ 54,80.). Reviewed by Felicitas Söhner.
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This paper is devoted to the 85th birth anniversary of Evegeny Petrovich Kazakov, a Kazan archaeologist, Leading Research Fellow at the A.H. Khalikov Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as the famous specialist in the Middle Ages and prehistory of the Volga-Kama region. The main milestones of his life and research were discussed. The research interests of E.P. Kazakov are the early Volga Bulgarians, the material culture of the Volga Bulgaria, and the ethnocultural interaction between the Finnish, Ugric, and Turkic peoples in the Volga-Kama region during the Middle Ages. Notably, E.P. Kazakov was the first to investigate the rural settlements of Volga Bulgaria and to draw attention to the problems of their emergence and early stages of existence. He studied a huge number of archaeological sites (many of which were discovered by E.P. Kazakov himself). The results of these studies are published on a regular basis, thereby providing his colleagues with the full complexes for further research discussion.
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Review of: Witold Mędykowski: W cieniu gigantów. Pogromy Żydów w 1941 roku w byłej sowieckiej strefie okupacyjnej. Kontekst historyczny, społeczny i kulturowy. [Im Schatten der Giganten. Judenpogrome 1941 in der ehemaligen sowjetischen Besatzungszone. Historischer, gesellschaftlicher, kultureller Kontext.] Inst. Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk. Warszawa 2012. 445 S., zahlr. Ill., Kt. ISBN 978-83-60580-95-0. (PLN 42,–.). Reviewed by Ruth Leiserowitz.
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Review of: Daniel Limberger: Polen und der „Prager Frühling“ 1968. Reaktionen in Gesellschaft, Partei und Kirche. Lang. Frankfurt am Main u.a. 2012. 590 S. ISBN 978-3-631-62259-9. (€ 89,90.). Reviewed by Gregor Feindt.
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The forming process of the modern Bosniac families in Ljeskovik settlement started at the beginning of the 17th century, and lasted till the end of the 19th century. However, the whole process can be tracked down from the mid 19th century, covered with data collected during the first census in Bosnia from 1850/51, and according to the informations gethered from land books of the Srebrenica District from 1894 andfrom there onwards. The first census from 1850/51 considered only male population. From the data collected in 1850/51, there are seven families or surnames in Ljeskovik, and those are: Čaušević, Duraković, Hodžić, Jahčić, (Bihačić), Kamramović, Mahmudović, Omerović, and Tabaković. By the end of the 19th century according to land books of the cadastral district of Ljeskovik, there are 43 surnames, or family names recorded: Aganović, Avdić, Beširović, Buljubašić, Demirović, Dervišević, Džanić, Efendić, Halilović, Hasanović (Duraković), Hasanović (Vranjkovina), Hasić, Hodžić, Husić, Kreševljaković, Mahmutović, Malović, Mandžić, Mehanović, Mehmedović, Memić, Mujčinović, Mujić, Mujić (Mahmutović), Mustafić, Mustafi (Katanić), Numanović, Omerović, Osmanović, Salkić, Salihović, Selimović, Selmanagić, Sinanović, Smajić (Omerović), Smajlović (Čaušević), Softić, Suljić, Špiodić, Tabaković, Travničanin, i Zukić. This work covers only families that use to live in Ljeskovik in the second half of the 19th century.
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In the first years of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of SHS), the educational situation in Herzegovina was very bad. The low level of literacy (in some areas over 90%) and the small number of educational institutions, gave a negative picture, which was further complicated by the incompetence and slowness of the state administration. From the mid-1920s, the situation began to change. The construction of schools and literacy through course teaching were significant, but still insufficient steps to solve all the accumulated problems in this area. Based on unpublished sources and relevant literature, the paper discusses the state of the school system in Herzegovina, during the first period of monarchist Yugoslavia (1918-1929).
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Review of: Markus Cerman: Villagers and Lords in Eastern Europe, 1300-1800. Palgrave Macmillan. Basingstoke u.a. 2012. XVII, 156 S. ISBN 978-0-230-00460-3. (€ 20,99.). Reviewed by Marten Seppel.
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Review of: Peter Pragal: Wir sehen uns wieder, mein Schlesierland. Auf der Suche nach Heimat. Piper. München – Zürich 2012. 397 S., 20 Ill. ISBN 978-3-492-05497-3. (€ 22,99.). Reviewed by Andrew Demshuk.
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