Гендерные аспекты развития SТЕМ-образования в России

Author(s): Olga Anatolevna Khasbulatova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The article is devoted to the creation of equal opportunities for women and men to obtain engineering and technological disciplines (STEM-profession). On the basis of historical and documentary sources revealed a steady trend of concentration of Russian women in humanitarian professions, men - in engineering. It is concluded that the basis for the division of professions into "male" and "female-cal" is biodeterministsky approach. Among the technologies, capable to involve women in STEM education, designated for girls and girls involved in technical creativity, STEM-centers, vocational training in technological professions. It is proposed to create a STEM cluster that brings together institutions of all types, partner companies, business, scientific and public organizations.

Реализация профессионального потенциала российских женщин: социологическое измерение

Author(s): E.A. Mikhailova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

Analysis of all Russian public opinion polls conducted by Russian Public Opinion Research Centre in the period from 1991 to 2016, indicates the presence of significant changes in the system of distribution of social roles that have occurred over the last quarter century in Russia. However, it turns out that public stereotypes that women are less competitive in the labour market, are forced out rather slowly. The sphere of technology could serve as an example of the area closed to most women. Thus, the majority of Russians (60 %) continue to hold the view that technological specialities are the prerogative of the male sex.Major barriers arise precisely at the stage of professional development when the gender imbalance and scepticism on the part of the professional environment are perceived by women as indicative of futility.The maximum effective realization of women’s potential as economic agents under the conditions when the country feels the need to mobilize domestic resources, is an important strategic task.

Материнство в современной западной социологической дискуссии

Author(s): Nadia Nartova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

Motherhood got into focus of social researchers in 1960—1970s. Since that time it is a rich and rapidly developing debate. This article provides an overview of contemporary Western sociological discussion about motherhood.The author identifies three key vectors of research of motherhood: a public/private motherhood, “bad”/“good” motherhood, oppression/possibilities of motherhood. In the first discussion researchers are focused on the production of motherhood in public discourses and institutions, they consider as well how public ideals of motherhood affect women’s experience and identification. The significant part of the discussion consists of the research devoted to the study of combining work and motherhood by women. The second area of research examines how women are labeled as good or bad mothers, how women are proving for themselves the correctness of their own motherhood, and how they redefine the stigmatizing label of “bad” mother at the level of narration and practices.And the last area discussion, deeply rooted in feminism, is built around the analysis of cultural oppression to motherhood and of the subjective and objective resources of motherhood in a woman’s life. The author understands the genre limitations of the review and does not claim to cover the whole rich and contradictory discussion. She offers the reader her own view of the contemporary debate about motherhood, highlighting important, from her point of view,conceptions, research categories, and interpretations.

Женская мода как элемент локальной городской культуры (На примере г. Нальчик)

Author(s): Z.H. Soblirova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The paper studies problems of local fashion phenomenon in the context of the Adyghe cultural system. This work analyzes certain aspects of the material culture dynamics (national dress), which led to the replacement of traditional values, worldview, the foundations of society and the formation of a new cultural paradigm. The study advances the idea of dialectical interdependence of traditional styles and modern fashion trends.Based on the materials of the urban youth survey we attempted to explicate female images presented in Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic).The article presents a typology of different girlish images, makes theoretical conclusions aimed at a thorough disclosure of the stages of evolution of spiritual and material values in the city, village and illustrates issues related to the transformation of the whole material culture of the local people.Range of scientific questions and issues raised here did not often become the subject of research, especially in the context of historical-cultural interpretation of fashion as a manifestation of the local culture.

Гендерный аспект программ консервативных и центристских политических партий современной России

Author(s): A. Bukin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

This article focuses on the gender dimension of conservative and centrist political parties in modern Russia. The author conducted an analysis of 29 parties programs in order to find out the importance of gender in them. The study showed that 76 % of the surveyed parties mention in their programs such words as “women”, “motherhood”, “family”. Only two right-wing parties in their programs speak about women's work. “The party of the spiritual transformation of Russia” considers that the work of women in the family should be counted as employment history. Another party “The national policy” makes a reservation,that this measure should be applied to women bringing up three children. Such parties as “The women’s dialogue” and “For the women of Russia” declare that women are bearers of a special’s mission to harmonize the social and political order in Russia. In general, right-wing and centrist political parties give gender issues little concern outside the reproductive discourse.Some parties say that the government must organize favorable conditions for increasing the birth rate, other parties talk about the need for stringent prohibitions(against abortions) and public propaganda of traditional values.The cited data show that none of these parties sees our society capable of self-regulation and problem solving (including demographic ones) through the institutions of civil society.

Женские журналы в начале XX В. : критика, рецепция, полемика

Author(s): O.A. Simonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The article deals with the women’s magazines occupying an intermediate position between large-scale ladies publications and highly-specialized feminist titles. This self restraint and self-directedness, marginalized position occupied by women publications corresponded really well to the idea of silent and obscure woman. Every violation of usual stereotypes of femininity was met with overzealous criticism on the male part of society.

Фемининность в дискурсивном пространстве российского истеблишмента

Author(s): A. L. Shishelyakina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The main purpose of the article — to shed light on the dynamics of the discourse of the Russian establishment on the issue of femininity and the social role of women in society. The material of press in Tyumen region shows the post-Soviet transformation of the discourse of the establishment. The author draws attention to the normative and non-normative patterns of femininity, mechanisms of stigmatization of non-normative patterns of femininity in different historical periods.

Представления о женской чести в Российской дворянской культуре (конец XVIII - начало XIX В. )

Author(s): O.I. Lisitsyna,Natalia Lvovna Pushkareva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The system of ideas about honour as one of the key components in the noble culture has been a subject of scientific research many times, but as a rule, the term “nobility” referred only to men. However, the concept “honour”, as well as the consequent ideas about standard behavior, had considerable gender specifics. The article represents the gender analysis of the concept “honour” on the basis of both female and male sources of personal origin, and also didactic and pedagogical treatises and works of fiction of the end of the XVIII —the first half of the XIX c. The ethical requirements imposed by the Russian noble community on men concentrated around their personal qualities (boldness, courage, strength of mind, self-control, fidelity), for the women this concept had only one — sexual — dimension. Not only personal honour of the girl and woman, but also the honour of all her family and the family of the husband depended on the implementation of obligations to control “passion”. The reputation of the honest woman could be affected both by her own and her husband's behavior. The noblewoman was not the subject of action, but the object of men's manipulations, but this fact didn't relieve her of the responsibility, forcing to toughen the internal taboos even more. The system of the social expectations concerning noble women didn’t really change, and such requirements formed behavioral model of the Russian noblewoman throughout XVIII — the first half of the XIX c.

Книгоиздание как фактор развития женской прозы конца XX - начала XXI в

Author(s): L.D. Titareva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The article deals with the analysis of the development of women's prose as a function of changes on the market of book publishing in connection with social changes in Russia since the1980s. The relevance of the article ideas is that the opportunities of the publishing activities were one of the factors in the emergence of such a cultural phenomenon as women's prose. It gives a detailed analysis of the women writers’ works published in Russia from the 1980s until 2012. The author concludes that at the end of the1990s the events on the Russian book market suggest that there was a steady increase of the role of women's prose and the attitude toward women's literature has changed significantly. So, all that is associated with the feminine creativity becomes a particular brand which is used by many publishers to increase their sales. The theoretical value of the article is that the author expands the range of cultural studies using comprehensive, systemic and gender approaches in considering the emergence and development of women's prose in Russia at the end of the twentieth century.

Развитие человеческого капитала и гендерное равенство: умная гендерная политика

Author(s): Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Shvedova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2015

Awareness of the logical chain “human capital — human rights — gender equality — sustainable development — the progress and quality of life” dictates the importance of avoiding gender inequalities in the process of development. Gender equality is both the development objective and reasonable approach to economic politics, because development is seen as a process of expanding freedoms equally for every individual — for all women and men. The topicality of the question is primarily due to the fact that gender equality is important in itself, and also due to understanding that the emancipation of women's human development has a strong impact on work performance. That in its turn leads to increased economic efficiency, which is a condition for achieving other key development goals.

«я не хочу быть такой девочкой, чтобы посуду всегда мыть»: институциональный анализ гендерной чувствительности подростков поколения «z»

Author(s): Zarjethan Hadzhi-Murzaevna Saralieva,A. V. Shchekoturov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2015

The analysis of main institutes of socialization in terms of adolescents’ gender sensitivity is presented in the article. Values of modern teen’s generation are determined by transformation of social institutes, growth of IT technologies and virtual reality. These features of “Z” generation are only slightly touched upon by domestic scholars; so this lack of knowledge helps to formulate main research questions. Three key aspects of gender sensitivity are in the focus of the investigation: how adolescents estimate the significance of each institution in their lives, whether they realize the level of gender marking of these social institutions, and how adolescents refer to the character of transmitted gender norms, traditions and values. In-depth interviews method is the research method used. The study shows that such institutions as the Internet, a family and a school have greater impact on teenagers’ gender sensitivity. Analysis of friends and peers has revealed that gender attributes have significance only for girls; most boys are in “masculine vacuum” — they don’t raise questions about masculinity neither at home nor at school, or anywhere else. However, boys may emphasize their masculinity due to sexual experience. The question of the gender self-expression freedom among peer group associates with gender stratification and depends on the social, gender and sexual sensitivity to social and structural norms.

Жены президентов: африканский вариант

Author(s): Lyubov Yaroslavovna Prokopenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2015

The development of the institution of the First Ladies in Africa in the 65 years’ period of independence is considered. Among the wives of African heads of State there are many bright individuals, some of them have left a noticeable mark in the history of the continent, not only as the First Ladies but also as prominent political figures. The scope of their social and political activism covers a wide range: from a passive position in the husband’s shadow up to becoming the co-ruler of her State. The evolution of the First Ladies institution in Africa continued with the beginning of the second wave of democratization in the 1990s. In the context of political liberalization, their role has increased significantly. Within the framework of regional organizations the First Ladies have influenced the settlement of some important issues of the continent, for example, the fight against hunger and AIDS, the development of gender equality in society. Their work is largely determined by the scope of the traditional society in which there is a stable system of kinship, of ethnic and clan ties. In some countries, the First Ladies’ institution is gradually becoming part of the local political culture. The First Lady function belongs to the informal institutions of the countries of the African continent. Over the years there have been disputes in African society about the formalization of the First Lady’s status, primarily because of its inevitable costs for state budgets.

Дамский комитет Барнаульского отдела Российского общества Красного Креста в период войн начала XX в

Author(s): Olesja Mihajlovna Dolidovich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2015

The article describes the history of creation and the main directions of the ladies’ committee of Barnaul division of the Russian Red Cross Society during the Russian Japanese War and World War I. The subject of the analysis is the question of the interaction between division management and a ladies’ charity committee within the division; their mutual expectations and claims to each other and the reasons for this attitude. In the Siberian provinces the first women’s charities in the pre revolutionary period in most cases were created within Russian Red Cross Society’s local committees and departments. These ladies’ committees during early XX c. wars gained experience of independent work in the women’s voluntary associations, which became the basis for the further development of their civic consciousness. The study is based on the materials of the State Archives of Altai Krai, reports and minutes of meetings of the Division and the ladies’ committee as well as on the Siberian periodicals of the pre revolutionary period. It is shown that the relationship between the board of Barnaul Department of the Russian Red Cross Society and ladies’ charity committee in its structure were not that of partnership. Management and ladies committee differed in understanding the goals and objectives of charitable activities, as well as in the degree of freedom of actions. General Directorate of Russian Red Cross Society centrally managed all the donated funds, it implemented austerity policy. Local branches calmly and with understanding reacted to the total control from the center. In turn, they created the Ladies’ Committees and considered them only as a temporary structure with support functions (collection of material and monetary donations, delivering linen and gifts to the theatre of operations, care for the wounded).

Конгресс в конгрессе: о работе секции «Женское vs мужское в культурах мира» на XI конгрессе антропологов и этнологов России (г. Екатеринбург, 7—10 июля 2015 г.)

Author(s): Natalia Lvovna Pushkareva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2015

2—6 июля 2015 г. в Екатеринбурге состоялся традиционный, уже одиннадцатый, конгресс антропологов и этнологов России. Самой многочисленной секцией конгресса оказалась секция «Женское vs мужское в культурах мира. Русская культура и женская история сквозь призму мужского и женского», доклады которой охватили более чем три века российской и мировой истории. Работа секции была нацелена на обсуждение проблем, связанных с влиянием фактора пола на конкретно исторические формы коллективных и инди- видуальных изменений, на разговор о влиянии гендерного порядка на факты событийной истории, на дискуссии о связи проявлений гендерных асимметрий с принадлежностью к социальному слою, конфессией, политической и конъюнктурной составляющими.

НАДЕЖДА ДУРОВА: ФЕНОМЕН ГЕНДЕРНОГО БЕСПОКОЙСТВА В РОССИИ В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX в.

Author(s): P.A. Boyarinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

This article covers the myth which was formed in the first half of the XIX c. around Nadezhda Durova, the first Russian amazon. To analyse Durova’s biography and Russian society’s attitude towards sex-gender mismatch. J. Butler’s construct of gender trouble is being used. This methodology examines Durova’s and Alexandrov’s social identity splitted into two binary oppositions. The author distinguishes three stages in myth formation about Nadezhda Durova. The first period includes Durova’s military service including the Patriotic War of 1812. This phase involves a conscious creation of male identity instead of a female one. The second period is “exposure” and it is connected with publication of “The Cavalry Maiden notes” in 1836. During this period Nadezhda Durova’s image is being formed in St. Petersburg high society. The third period describes Nadezhda’s secluded life in Yelabuga. It can be considered as response to provincial people reaction towards this case of sex gender mismatch; Durova continued performing the male identity and refused to adopt a female behavior model.

ANKARA İLİ ÇEVRE İLÇELERİNDE HALK GİYİMİNDE KULLANILAN KISA KADIN ÜSTLÜKLERİ

Author(s): Fatma Koç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

Clothing items, which are shaped in accordance with tradition in the direction of our cultural values, are being lost with the use of clothes that brought by the modern life style and western fashion sense with great speed or shape and forms are changing. Short jackets, (cepken, hırka, salta, sarka etc.) which are an important part of the tradition of rich and folded clothing of the Turkish people, have become a part of clothing used by both men and women on a daily basis in order to protect the body, visually enrich the garments, and provide clothing integrity or harmony. In this study where the characteristics of short jackets used by women in Ankara provinces and surrounding provinces are to be analyzed. The obtained samples were photographed, technical drawings were taken in consideration of their shapes, functions, structural features, usage places, and typologically classified in terms of their formal similarities. fourteen jackets with different typological differences have been reached in four different districts. The selected issue is important in terms of establishing infrastructure for other work related to the topic, identifying, preserving and contributing to the sustainability of the lost values of the Turkish cultural heritage. It is also thought that the research outputs will provide guidance for researchers.

TONY BLAIR AND HIS POLITICAL STYLE: FROM PAYING TRIBUTE TO THE PRINCESS OF WALES TO REFORMING THE HOUSE OF LORDS

Author(s): Marina-Cristiana Rotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

A politician’s discourse is shaped by both the ideological position of his party as well as his views of the world and his style interpreted as a way of being. Styles reveal identities and, in their turn, identities influence the political discourse, making it more accessible, more in tune with the position of the general public or more abstract, more remote. As a politician, Tony Blair has carved a particular style, an interesting mix of features that aims to, and often seems to reveal both the public individual and the private person. Unlike Margaret Thatcher who, in her own words, was a conviction politician, Blair claimed to be a consensus politician, able to bring together both Left Wing and RightWing values in a discourse of reconciling themes.

Мантарлиев, Йордан. Бежанският и преселническият въпрос в България по време и след Втората световна война. Изд. Македонски научен институт – филиал Благоевград, 2015, 426 с.

Author(s): Vladimir Migev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Drohobycki matriarchat

Author(s): Marcin Całbecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

The paper is an attempt to analyze Schulz’s fiction in terms of Johann Jakob Bachofen’s idea of matriarchy. Particular emphasis has been put on “August,” the opening story of "Cinnamon Shops". In “August” which begins his “spiritual autobiography,” Schulz created a world whose center is constituted by three women, portrayed as if they had been archaic deities. By the same token, the beginning of Schulz’s private mythology seems parallel to the archaic core of the socio-religious order of Europe, i.e. matriarchy.

After Communism and Before Gender

Author(s): Peter Stamatov,Dorottya Örlősy / Language(s): English Issue: 02/1994

The review of: Nanette Funk and Magda Muller (eds.): Gender Politics and Post-Communism; Reflections from Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. New York: Routledge, 1993, 348 pp.