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Monumentul istoric de la Ciolpani - Buhuși
Articolul prezintă monumentul istoric de la Ciolpani - Buhuși.
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Articolul prezintă monumentul istoric de la Ciolpani - Buhuși.
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Articolul prezintă monumentul de arhitectură populară de la Răchitoasa - Bacău.
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The article is devoted to the unique German oronyms (names of elevated landforms) named Cannon hills or hillocks (burial mounds). According to the data discovered by the authors of the article, such names were common in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century throughout Bessarabia, especially in its southern part (Budjak). They were first mentioned here in the late 1830s by German travelers and geographers. It’s what they called all the burial mounds in the 1920-1930s in some settlements (Sarata). Individual, the highest and most significant mound hillocks in the vicinity of the German settlements of Budjak were also called Cannon hills or hillocks. Although the etymology and origin of this term remains in question, it was widely used in German linguistic circles. The names Cannon hills or hillocks are vivid examples of the German colonists’ reclamation of the cultural and historical landscapes of their new homeland in Bessarabia, which they had to leave.
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In this article we tried to analyze the atmosphere in which the balls took place at the Royal Court during the reing of Charles I. The first ball organized by prince Charles I took place in 1867, with 800 guests attending the event. Then, during the reing of King Charles, two balls were to be held each year; the grand ball taking place of the evening of December 31, and the second ball in February. Thought both events well very well organized, the guests spending time in an elegant and refined setting, it is found that the first ball of the year was more democratic, with a large member of guests taking part in the event. Instead, the second ball was smaller, with guests always including members of the government, members of the diplomatic corps, the most important dignitaries and officers. Althought people from the different social conditions were invited, the king Charles wanted the etiquette and the protocol to be strictly observed, each guest knowing from the reception of the invitation in which salon he will spend the evening and implicitly with whom he will socialize. Thought the balls were organized in the smallest detail, sometimes there were incidents. The palace ball were a opportunity from king Charles to cultivate feelings such as honor and generosity. Through balls, the royal family came into contact with the Romanian and European elites of the time, these events having the character of the official and popular celebrations. In addition to being a way of socializing and entertaining, the bals organized at the palace also had a pragmatic purpose stimulating trade.
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On September 14/26, 1895, the “King Carol I” bridge was inaugurated, in the presence of King Carol I of Romania, the royal family, the government, members of Parliament, etc. The bridge connects the Wallachian bank of the Danube with the Dobrogean one. The engineering monument is located 1 km from the city of Cernavoda (Constanța County), and its author is Eng. Anghel Saligny (1854-1925). In this study we present the events that took place at the time of the inauguration of the bridge, as they are described in a number of twelve letters and a telegram, but also by two Romanian newspapers, respectively "Monitorul Oficial" and "Constituționalul". The letters were written by King Carol I and Crown Princess Marie (the future Queen Maria of Romania), both witnesses to the historic event.
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The correlation of several documentary sources, corroborated by bibliographic references and material traces, made it possible to recover the history of the building in the current Mitropoliei Street (formerly Fleischergasse), No. 17, in Sibiu, and to identify its owner and commissioner of the frescoes inside, dated in 1628.
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Kresánek’s trilogy Fundamentals of Musical Thinking (1977), Tonality (1982) and Tectonics (1994) is based on an original conception of musical thinking. He understands the basis and development of musical thinking as a cooperation of three components: sonoristics, dynamism and thematics. For clarification of Kresánek’s ideas, the author points to parallel ideas in the concept of musical thinking of Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht. Taking as her foundation Kresánek’stheory of an analogy between the phylogenetic development of the musical thinking of mankind and the ontogenetic development of musical thinking in the individual, the author presents a conception of the cycle Musica ricercata (1951 – 1953) by György Ligeti. Based on an extreme reduction of the material, Ligeti’s work represents a noteworthy compositional concept, whose poetics “copies” the evolution of musical thinking.
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The oeuvre of Béla Bartók (1881–1945) includes a group of compositions usually labelled as “barbarian”. This study focuses on the delineation of the characteristic structural features and aesthetic ideals of this “barbarism”. It examines the various contexts tied to Bartók’s personality. At the time when his personal style was evolving in around 1910, he was significantly influenced by stylizations of authentic Norwegian folklore in the late works of Edvard Grieg (1843–1907). This study aims to point out that “barbarism”, a term with mostly negative connotations, is a not very suitable word for the stylistic orientation in Bartók’s musical oeuvre that was primarily inspired by archaic peasant folk dance music. In addition, it investigates the consequences and impacts of the theory of the “barbarian character” of Bartók’s music on its performance.
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As Friedrich Teutsch reports, German schools have existed in Transylvania since the beginning of the 14th century. The school regulations that existed after the Reformation clearly demonstrate the close economic and cultural contact between the Transylvanian Saxons in Western Europe and the orientation of the schools towards the values and knowledge of Western Europe. So it is not surprising that Transylvanian Saxons have demonstrably been accepted as students at Western European universities since the beginning of the 15th century. After it was founded in 1622, the University of Strasbourg [French Strasbourg] (with the exception of the Thirty Years War) a popular place to study for Transylvanian Saxons. In the 17th century, 7.6 percent of Transylvanian-Saxon students were enrolled in Strasbourg, the third largest after Wittenberg (41.3%) and Königsberg (12.3%). In addition to the 31 Saxon philosophy students mentioned by Joseph Trausch, who studied in Strasbourg in the 17th century, Friedrich Reimesch lists a further 64 students for the 17th and 18th centuries, but also takes other faculties into account.
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This essay retraces Felix Bamberg’s image and his relations with Karl Eitel of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who ascended to the throne of the United Principalities of Romania in 1866, in order to deepen lesser known aspects of what nowadays is an important collection of the Muzeul Naţional de Artă al României in Bucharest. Through this collection we are going to study an aspect of the development of the Romanian culture and Italian art awareness in the latter half of the XIX century. As a refined connaisseur and skillful buyer and dealer of art – and of culture tout court – Felix Bamberg (Unruhstadt 1820 – Saint-Gratien, Parigi, 1893), diplomat and historian, was as crucially important then as completely forgotten now. The first-hand knowledge of remarkable works of art by Italian Renaissance and Baroque artists within this collection, along with their polymorphic and polyvalent meanings, certainly contributed to the awareness of the Western cultural and artistic world, going beyond and completing the knowledge of the Byzantin and Oriental classic religious art.
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Carol I of Romania (Prince since 1866, King between 1881 and 1914) owned a very large library hosted by the Palace in Bucharest. It contained books and newspapers from around the world, especially Europe. Its main purpose was to provide the monarch with the information needed in the process of governance. At a given moment, Carol I had a library catalogue created, meant to organize the large number of volumes and periodicals for a more efficient use. Even though the books were scattered after the abolition of the monarchy in 1947, the catalogue has endured. It is not dated, so one aim of this study is to find out when it was created. Secondly, I want to clarify the dilemma about the catalogue’s authorship. Going through the varied information contained by the document, an approximation of its beginnings can be attempted: between the autumn of 1879 and the spring of 1881. The problem of finding out the author of the catalogue is difficult, although his name is written down on the document: Adolf Ulrich. The task is made harder by the fact that there were several homonymous characters who lived during that period. Analysing several indirect pieces of evidence, I would like to advance the hypothesis that the author was Adolf Ulrich (1860-1889), historian and archivist in Hanover, who, at the time when the catalogue was created, was a student at the University of Göttingen.
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This paper’s primary objective is to show, in a general context of changes in historical writings, how the 16th century Chronicle of Denmark written by Arild Huitfeldt reveals the elements of the paradigms that had been developed at that time and in what ways it reflected the Danish nobility’s perspective in interpreting the national past.
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The article deals with the issue of the conservation-restoration of the Epimanikon, a liturgical textile item originating from the crypt of Metropolitan Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni. The discovery of the remains of Metropolitan Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni's liturgical vestments at Căpriana Monastery, in 2016, raised specific problems as regards the conservation, research, restoration and turning to account of cultural heritage items with particular cultural and historical value. Out of all the constituent textile objects of the liturgical vestments, the left hand Epimanikon was in a severe degree of degradation. The results provided by the investigations on the nature of the constituent materials, types and nature of degradations, constituted the premises for establishing the stages of the conservation-restoration process. A support was designed for the textile item saved by conservationrestoration, in order to be turned to account in the museum, for the present and future generations.
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The subject of this paper is the investigations and the active conservation treatments applied in the case of the liturgical textile artefacts originating from the crypt of Metropolitan Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni in Căpriana Monastery, for the purpose of stopping the biological attack, as a first step in the complex process of research, conservation and restoration. Saving the archaeological artefacts by applying conservation-restoration treatments is an essential activity for allowing these artefacts to constitute, for present and future generations, important historical documents, referring also to the types of materials and the techniques implied in their production. The interdisciplinary collaboration of archaeologists, historians, biologists, chemists, conservators and restorers makes possible the cultural heritage's preservation and interpretation, as the heritage item is re-valorised as a historical document [Gugeanu et al. 2017, 277]. The paper presents the results of the researches undertaken in the case of three textile objects originating from the inventory of the Metropolitan Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni's crypt, for which microbiological analyses have been carried out in order to determine the existence or inexistence of a biological attack. As regards the stopping of the biological attack, there followed the analysis of the effect in the case of two types of biocides and of several active conservation treatments, commonly used in the conservation of cultural heritage originating from archaeological environment.
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This article discusses the textile archaeological piece called Girdle. This is a component of the liturgical costume discovered in the crypt of Metropolitan Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni. The discovery was made during the archaeological researches carried out in 2016 at Căpriana Monastery, occasioned by the metropolitan canonization. The research covered both the conservation and restoration interventions carried out within the Center for Research and Conservation-Restoration and “Moldova” National Museum Complex of Iaşi, as well as the identification of the weave structure of the archaeological textile item in order to classify it. The study regarding the structure of the weave was undertaken in collaboration with the Department of Textile Products Engineering and Design within the Faculty of Textile-Leathering and Industrial Management, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University of Iași. The results of the researches carried out, correlated with the analysis of the state of preservation of the textile piece, allowed to establish the stages of the conservation-restoration process. They consisted of mechanical cleaning, wet cleaning, chemical cleaning, neutralization and consolidation by sewing on a new support silk cloth of areas with ruptures and large material gaps, respecting the principle of chromatic integration. The saving of the archaeological textiles discovered at Căpriana Monastery, thanks to the preservation and restoration process, contributes to the safeguarding of a historical, ecclesiastical, artistic and documentary treasure that is integrated into the national cultural heritage.
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Based on the Croatian cultural association "Matica hrvatska" Calendar 2003 (Glagolitic riches of Lika and Krbava) with the reproductions of some pages of the best known Glagolitic codices from the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries (missals, breviaries and miscellanies), then the text written by Stjepan Damjanović, the author of this work refers to the two important anniversaries printed Glagolitic codices: the 520th anniversary of the Croatian incunabulum (editio princeps) the Missal 1483 and the 110th anniversary of Parčić's Missal from 1893. In this work the essential characteristics of both missals are analysed in the context of the Croatian hand-written and printed Glagolitic complex
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Earthly Delights, Economies and Cultures of Food in Ottoman and Danubian Europe, c. 1500–1900. Edited by Angela Jianu and Violeta Barbu. Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2018. 534 pp
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Research on late-medieval religiosity in Central and Western Europe has shown that religious books were not only possessed, but also read, and sometimes even copied or disseminated by laymen. The need for a better definition of the relationship between the laity and the religious text leads to the formulation and intensive discussion of concepts such as devotional reading, culture of religious reading, or vernacular theology. Several examples of works that belonged to late-medieval Transylvanian laymen suggest the opportunity and, at the same time, the need to ask whether similar dynamics of pious behaviour can be discussed in their case. In order to provide a convincing answer, this study proposes an analysis of these books from at least three perspectives: theme, language, formal characteristics. The most interesting information is offered, however, by property notes, which suggest that the devotional potential of the book was not activated by reading, but rather by donation. By offering solutions to the everyday necessities of ecclesiastical institutions, these gifts were designed to ensure personal salvation as well. In order to support this hypothesis, I will also address another category of sources from which mentions regarding this kind of donations can be recovered, i.e. last wills.
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In our study we wanted to analyze how the Romanian political activist and ideologist Aurel C. Popovici (1863-1917) perceived liberalism and conservatism, two of the most important ideologies of the nineteenth century. For this purpose, we studied three of his main writings: Principiul de naţionalitate (The Nationality Principle), Statele Unite ale Austriei Mari (The United States of Great Austria) and Naţionalism sau democraţie: o critică a civilizaţiunii moderne (Nationalism or Democracy: a Critical Approach to Modern Civilization). We studied the way in which the renowned Banatian author perceived liberalism, but also the way he percieved several main principles of this ideology: the defense of liberty, the sovereignty of the people, representative government, the refusal of absolutism and pluralism. By analyzing these topics in Aurel C. Popovici’s writings, we identified several paradoxes of his thinking, which we tried to explain by appealing to other sources, like personal letters or memoirs belonging to friends or admirers.
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If we take a look at the seal material of the Szekler noble families reflecting military motifs, we notice the naturalistic and detailed representations as the main feature of these seals. A Hungarian (Szekler) infantry soldier holds a sword in his right hand and a severed, bleeding Turkish head in his left hand; a Hungarian (Szekler) horseman prepares to stab a Turkish soldier begging for mercy; another seal shows a rampant lion holding a sword, on the top of which a severed Turkish head can be seen; turbans lying on the ground and mutilated Turkish corpses – bloody scenes from the daily life in the medieval and early modern Turkish-Hungarian wars, represented on wax seals with a diameter of 1-2 cm – memories of heroic deeds, military merits and examples to follow at the same time, in a society where war was an essential feature of the way of life and military service was the basis of community identity.
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