We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Visual communication employs language different than literature. The economy of viewing calls for elements of representation familiar to the viewer, which, when shown in a recurring order, become comprehensible. For us, recognising these elements is often difficult as they can be entirely absent from the literary text. The person of the jester, whose appearance corresponds to the vidūṣaka of the Nāṭyaśāstra, is found frequently in narrative scenes depicted through visual means. His presence often indicates that another figure in the picture is about to withdraw from worldly life. The jester then expresses utter disapproval of his master’s decision. The viewer is able to recognise the meaning of the scene because the jester is shown also in erotic and humorous scenes, perhaps representative of the sensual atmosphere of theatre life, or related to the nāyaka and the vidūṣaka of the Kāmasūtra.
More...
The sheer intensity of the encounter between the Buddhist and Hindu pantheons in ‘Eastern India’ (comprising the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and present Bangladesh) from the 7th to the 12th century, was unmatched in any other region.1 It left, above all, a visual and textual trail in the Buddhist iconography, as attested by the presence of two Mātṛkas (Mothers) among the members of Māra’s army attacking the Buddha on the night of his Awakening, Brahmanical deities being incorporated into the Buddhist world: Vārāhī appears in the Jagdishpur sculpture, and Cāmuṇḍā in a large fragment from a sculpture which must have been as large as the Jagdishpur image and used to stand in Lakhisarai, more fragments of it being preserved in the Indian Museum (Fig. 1).2 Further, the key component of Vārāhī iconography,3 the hog head, became an integral part of the images of Buddhist deities like Mārīcī and Vajravārāhī. The cultural background within which the images of the goddess were incorporated helps to understand this twofold phenomenon, the representation of her being transferred to a Buddhist context and some of her specific features being embedded in the iconography of Buddhist deities.
More...
Water bodies, being elements of the natural landscape, are often connected with religious holy sites and provide ready examples of a mutual relationship between nature and culture. The present article introduces nine holy ponds—tīrthas of the Śrīraṅgam Raṅganātha temple—each with its characteristic features directly connected with a particular tree, residing deity, resident ṛṣi, and certain boons. Short descriptions of the ponds are given in Chapter 10 of the Sanskrit text, the Śrīraṅgamāhātmya, which praises the glory of the holy place, kṣetra, and constitutes my main source material. Even though the nine ponds play an important role in the religious landscape of the site and the life of the religious community, they have not been studied till now. The article presents descriptions of the tīrthas found in the Śrīraṅgamāhātmya and supplements them with a brief report and some photographic evidence from the field research of 2020.
More...
Taking as the case study the Ikkeri Nayakas’ Vīrabhadra temple in Keladi (the current Karnataka state), the paper discusses the potential correlation between the narrative and the image in terms of the temple’s artistic programme and the myths it draws on. With the assumption that the artistic production can serve as a political tool aimed at expressing a ruler’s agenda, our focus is on the depictions of certain hybrid creatures found within the premises of the temple and their multidimensional symbolism attested to in Hindu narratives. Our analysis of the visual and the narrative material against the backdrop of the early history of the temple’s royal patrons suggests that in the centre of their interest, while designing the temple, was the desire to set out their claims to power and present the milieu they lived in.
More...
The collections of the library of the Armenian patriarchate in Jerusalem (St. Toros Manuscript Library) include a valuable souvenir of the cultural heritage of the Polish Armenians – the handwritten prayer book of Antonina Grzegorzowiczów-na, a Benedictine nun from Lwów (ref. number 3856). It is the oldest collection of songs from the monastery of the Armenian Benedictines nuns in Lwów, which has been preserved until our times. It dates back to 1757 and comprises the colophon written by Asvadzadur, a son of Ovanes. It provides information that the songbook was to be a gift for his sister, whose name had been written with the Polish letters under the copyist’s colophon. The consecration of Antonina, which took place a month later, on 13th November, in the Armenian cathedral of Lwów, was a reason of the gift. The article characterises the figure of the owner, analyses the content of the songbook – its usefulness for research on cultural (linguistic and religious) relations in Lwów in the 18th century – and determines the fate of the manuscript.
More...
Armenian Archbishop Józef Teodorowicz (1864-1938) had a collection of antique books, comprising at least 145 titles in a few languages: Latin, Polish, German, and French. Armenian antique books, published with great artistry in Venice and Constantinople, were especially interesting among these works. It was determined that over 80 percent of collection concerned different branches of theology. The rest, i.e. 20 percent, included works of philosophy, ethics, canon law, rhetoric, literature, and linguistics. During the Second World War, after the capture of Lwów by Soviet troops, the collection was partially destroyed and dispersed. In August 1940, preserved fragments were included into the collections belonging to the Library of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Socialistic Soviet Republic (Lviv Branch). Today, the preserved fragments of the collection from the library of Archbishop Teodorowicz are kept in two institutions: the Division of Antique Books of the Wasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library in Lviv and the Unit of Antique Books of the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław.
More...
Review of: Veronica Manole & Sanda-Valeria Moraru (Eds.) (2021). Studia Universitatis BabeşBolyai Philologia, Vol. 66 (LXVI), No. 4. (Dis)Continuidades en los espacios hispánico y lusófono. Cluj-Napoca,
More...
An unknown episode in the political activities of former Armenian Prime Minister Aram Sargsyan in 2003 concerns his contacts with Lech Kaczynski, then president of Warsaw and future president of Poland, and shows in a new light the role of the Polish politician in Caucasus politics and the US-Russian rivalry even before the 2008 Georgian crisis.
More...
The author of the review characterises the contents of a German translation of the classical work concerning the Polish Armenians, i.e. A Journey to Poland of the Mechitarist Minas Bzhshkyan, published in Venice in 1830, indicating mistakes and omissions.
More...
Critical thinking is one of the most demanded skills for educational goals, job security, and problem solving in the lifelong process of 21st- century learners. Thus, various specialised courses in education have adopted approaches that integrate critical thinking throughout the curriculum. From the perspective of English language teaching, teachers, researchers, and syllabus writers are committed to the development of learners’ language acquisition through critical thinking as a language pedagogical approach. Empirical studies have frequently demonstrated a high positive correlation between leaners’ critical thinking skills and their language proficiency gains. However, in the Asian EFL context of higher education, the practice of critical thinking skills in language classrooms is not yet well supported widely. In order to clarify the essential place of critical thinking in EFL education, through the insightful discussion on the relevant literature background, this critical review of the literature suggests ways to improve English language teaching that incorporate critical thinking in three major areas: (1) language teaching instructional strategies that incorporate critical thinking, (2) language teaching materials that incorporate critical thinking, and (3) pedagogical content knowledge about critical thinking skills for language teachers. Therefore, this study aims to raise awareness among teachers, researchers, educational scholars, and regional and national authorities in the Asian EFL higher education context about the representation of critical thinking in language programs and teacher training in the roadmap for future English language education.
More...
The aim of this paper was to analyze the spelling errors of children with dyslexia, in order to determine whether they have a specific pattern of spelling errors or are simply late in acquiring spelling skills. The sample included 30 children with dyslexia and 30 spellinglevel-matched younger children. The research was conducted in the area of Sarajevo Canton and Tuzla Canton in the period from March to May 2022. The results showed that children with dyslexia make similar patterns of errors as spelling-level-matched group. The obtained results show that children with dyslexia in transparent orthography do not have a specific deficit in spelling, but rather delay in acquiring spelling skills.
More...
In 1830, the French version of Mickiewicz’s narrative poem Farys was published in a prose translation of the poet himself. On its basis, an Arabic translation was produced by a Cairo teacher named M. Jamali. In 1910, thanks to the efforts of the Mickiewicz’s son, Władysław, it appeared in a bilingual brochure together with the original French text. In the same year, the Egyptian monthly Az-Zuhūr also published an Arabic translation of this poem, without mentioning the translator’s name. This article presents a comparative analysis of both of these Arabic translations and shows that the version published by Az-Zuhūr is nothing else but an editorial revision of the Jamali’s work.
More...
Translation of culinary recipes has been a relatively understudied field and very little research has been done on the difficulties of translating recipes between Chinese and Polish. This paper attempts to classify and analyze problems which may be encountered by the Polish translators of Chinese recipes and suggests possible solutions to these problems, referring to earlier examples. The discussed problems include: culturally specific names and descriptions of Chinese dishes, the use of ingredients that are unknown in Poland, descriptions of cooking methods that are specific to Chinese cuisine, different units of weight used in Poland, China and Taiwan. The paper demonstrates that in order to fully understand and translate a recipe, the translator must possess an in-depth knowledge of both the source language and culture.
More...
The article identifies the most important translation strategies and challenges faced by the translator of the first Polish translation of Genji Monogatari, or The Tale of Genji. The work, written in 1008, is a masterpiece of not only Japanese but also world literature and is widely included in the cultural heritage of humanity. Its author, Murasaki Shikibu (?978-1025 or 1031) is considered a forerunner of modern literary fiction with a profound humanistic approach. The work itself has been translated into modern Japanese and many European languages. Originally written in classical Japanese, it is distinguished by the ambiguity of expression, lexical polysemy, elaborate honorific language, and cultural hermeticism. The author discusses how, in light of the above, the Polish translation will balance the goal of making Murasaki’s work intelligible for the Polish reader with the need of preserving the elements of ‘foreignness’ of the old Japanese culture, for the translation is intended to fulfill not only a mediating and communicative function between Polish and Japanese cultures but also a cognitive one.
More...
The article focuses on how Mori Ōgai (1862-1922), a Japanese writer, translator and literary critic, incorporated references to European literature and culture in his novellas: Maihime (The Dancing Girl, 1890), Mōsō (Delusion, 1911) and Hanako (1910). The hermeneutic approach sheds light on the Japanese author’s vivid interest in foreign languages, cultural symbols, philosophy and arts which contributes to the intricate image of foreign influences in his oeuvre and invite his readers and translators in Europe to revisit their own cultural tradition.
More...
The aim of the text is to present the Japanese translation of Yitskhok Katsenelson’s Song of the murdered Jewish people, authored by two Germanists, Masatomo Asukai and Kazuyuki Hosomi, published in 1999 under the title Horobosareta Yudaya no tami no uta by the Tokyo publishing house Misuzu. In addition to providing details of the publication itself, as well as the profiles of the translators and the background to the creation of the Japanese edition, the linguistic aspect of the translation is discussed in particular, focusing on problems of versification, the syntactic devices used and the choice of vocabulary. The article provides a more detailed analysis of selected, albeit representative, fragments of the translation, as varied in content and style as possible. Some space has also been given to the critical apparatus of the Japanese edition, i.e. comments, footnotes, afterwords etc., as well as to translations of the titles of individual parts of The song…
More...
This study aims to outline the most relevant contemporary critical remarks concerning the concept of translation and the presence of translational reflec-tion in India, aiming to fill the gap perceived in Polish translatology.
More...
The paper deals with the choices made by the late fifteenth-century Jewish translator of the Book of Job into Ruthenian in rendering the euphemistic instances of the verb ‘bless’ when the opposite ‘curse’ is intended. The examples from the sixteenth-century copy of the Vilnius Florilegium F-19 262 are compared with the Hebrew original, the 1492 Gennadij Bible and, when available, with the Old Slavonic Prophetologium. The choices appear to follow from the Jewish exegetical tradition.
More...