Savremena književna teorija
Review of: Nicholas Birns (2010). Theory After Theory: An Intellectual History of Literary Theory from 1950 to the Early 21st Century. New York: Broadview Press.
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Review of: Nicholas Birns (2010). Theory After Theory: An Intellectual History of Literary Theory from 1950 to the Early 21st Century. New York: Broadview Press.
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The evolution from Latin to Romance languages has generated an abundance of historical linguistics studies that have described, sometimes very thoroughly, the emergence of new forms and the transformations for more than two millennia. But the causes of these innovations are not always obvious. This article comes to complete the well-known evolution from the Latin noun ‘homo’ to the indefinite pronoun ‘on’ of the French language. Initially, the word assumed the function of an impersonal subject, but during the 20th century, developed a new value for the first personal plural, therefore the concepts of ‘and ‘anticipation’ grant a better understanding and explanation.
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Territorially and mentally, Ukraine is the borderland of different civilizations. Ukraine’s geographical location and historical conditions have drastically affected the course of social, political and cultural developments. It appears that the Baroque era became an important bridge in the convergence of Western and Eastern Europe. The rhetoric and homiletic genre held an important place in the art system of the old Ukrainian literature, and even more so in the Ukrainian Baroque literature in the time of radical national upheavals and inter-confessional wars. Since the early 1600’s the Ukrainian sermon acquired some new features, which was due mostly to the socio-historical changes. A major role in the development of church oratory prose was played by the instructors of the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium, whose rhetoric textbooks relied on both the ancient theory of rhetoric art and the Baroque works of the literati from Central and Western Europe. The "new" type of a sermon, i.e., a topical kazannia (sermon), evolved as a part of the anti-Catholic cultural and religious movement, which was a reflection of the socio-political situation. Whereas in the 1500’s and early 1600’s the Ukrainian sermon constituted an exegesis of the Biblical text (expository sermons) designed in a moral and instructive spirit, the late 1600’s saw the arrival of the sermon whose main feature became the departure from the homily principle. Instead, the Gospel passages were interpreted in compliance with the principles of a rhetorical speech, or, to be more exact, of a topical kazannia. Antonij Radyvylovs’kyj was a Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium alumnus, so his sermons were built on the premises of Rhetoric art.
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The article deals with the specificity of sports terminology which includes a lot of terms taken from the theory and methods of physical education related to the scientific and educational subjects (biomechanics, sports psychology and pedagogy, hygiene, physiology, biochemistry, etc.) and are widely used in specialized literature and social intercourse. The characteristic features of Russian sports terminology are defined: ways of word formation; the trends to make the language sound more professional, jargon like; the international orientation of language and its active penetration in the native language; borrowing words from foreign languages and their variations. The issue concerning the foreign words borrowed in Russian sports terminology is viewed and the reasons for their appearance, place in the language, their distribution in semantic groups and their area of usage are discussed. It is pointed out that in the modern Russian sports terminology one can most often come upon English borrowings. The most important factors for the acquisition of English-derivatives in the sports language are emphasized. Some aspects of the phonetics-orthographic adaptation of sports English derivatives in the Russian language are examined and compared to the same processes in the Bulgarian language. It is pointed out that in the process of structural-semantic adaptation the English derivatives have a great influence on the differentiation and internalization of sports terminology in the native language-recipient: the polysemy is widened; homonymy appears, as well as some new synonymous lines. A classification of English derivatives according to their area of usage is introduced.
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The influence of the Internet can be felt in all aspects of our lives – people live online, read online, get informed and even get married online. Online communication has become our main source of exchanging ideas, getting information and even broadening our personal vocabulary. The language of the Internet has started being used on a daily basis, notwithstanding the age, status and occupation of the people involved in this kind of communication. In fact, the ones that appear to be most influenced by the Internet language are the younger generation. Not surprisingly, their imagination can be compared to a deep well abounding in new words and phrases that they automatically adopt in their everyday conversations using various Internet platforms. Even before youngsters can speak English, they start using certain phrases so as to sound cool and attractive, thus receiving more attention. And since the language on the Internet is a language of active communication, the hereby presented paper deals with the coinage of a new group of verbs in Bulgarian and Russian which have entered the youth slang, namely verbs such as хейтвам, лайквам, фейсбуквам (Bulgarian) ; апгрейдить, блинковать, юзать (Russian). Their appearance is influenced by the Internet and social media, which have proven to be a constant part of the life of teenagers, as well as English, which is the language of the Internet. What is investigated are the reasons for the coinage of this group of neologisms in both languages of interest, their word-formative patterns, and the peculiarities in their usage in Bulgarian and Russian.
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Online and distant forms of education have been reshaping traditional modes of higher education. Technologies are developing rapidly and provoke education to transform and rethink the possibilities of learning from every location. One of the software solutions, designed for classroom use, is the virtual classroom. As its name suggests, it is a virtual learning ‘space’ that aims at providing all the components of a traditional learning environment. The following article briefly explains the innovative functions of a virtual classroom and gives an example of its usage in one particular case study in order to present the advantages and disadvantages of the software for the field of the humanities and speculate on its possible implementation in university courses. The synchronous education aspect of a virtual classroom is emphasized as well as other functions that can be actively used both by students and a tutor in university taught courses. The fact that a virtual classroom can be implemented in LMS (learning management system) such as Moodle or Schoology provides a good perspective for distant and online forms of education. The example of a virtual session designed as a ‘lecture’ is only one of the many possibilities a tutor can engage students’ attention and focus on the practical aspect of a degree in the field of the humanities.
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The author states that digital humanities is more akin to a common methodological outlook than an investment in any one specific set of texts or even technologies. He says that we could attempt to refine this “outlook” quantitatively, using some of the very tools and techniques digital humanities has pioneered, or could choose to explore the question qualitatively, by examining sets of projects from self-identified digital humanities centers. M. Kirschenbaum insists that digital humanities is also a social undertaking. It harbors networks of people who have been working together, sharing research, arguing, competing, and collaborating for many years. He points out half a dozen reasons why English departments have historically been hospitable settings for this kind of work and emphasizes that digital humanities, which began as a term of consensus among a relatively small group of researchers, is now backed on a growing number of campuses by a level of funding, infrastructure, and administrative commitments that would have been unthinkable even a decade ago.
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“Digitale Geisteswissenschaften: Zentren und Peripherien”. This paper explores a history of humanities computing over the past decade as embodied in or represented by A Companion to Digital Humanities (first published in 2004), methodologically, theoretically, and in terms of community practice. It explores digital humanities as an emerging discipline through changes in technology, as well as through evolving conceptions of the field, particularly through the lens of literary studies and new media. The article also explores how the field’s major conference Digital Humanities, but previously titled the Joint International Conference of the Association for Computers and the Humanities and the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing (ACH/ALLC), reflects these changes, through not only the themes presented in conference papers, but in the change of the title of the conference itself.
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Whether can computer analysis be perceived as a healing tool against the limitations of traditional analysis, and how does it help us to go deep in some of the problems of stylistics and literary theory; what type of model studies and methods does it offer; what does it say about the construction of the text and how does all this affect the analysis and interpretation procedures?
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According to Turing, there is a basic link between language and robots. Instructions are probably entered into a specific mediator, but they are purely theoretical and rather exist in the world of codes than in any concrete form. This world of codes is the place where humans and robots inevitably meet each other. There humans are robots to the highest degree, and robots are to the highest degree humans. Based on this formula, the text examines connections between linguistics and robotic poetics.
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The paper illustrates by means of two sets of case studies, one related to information extraction and one related to concept change (Section 4), possibilities and issues that are involved in the use of Computational Linguistics methods in the area of Digital Humanities, with a particular focus on evaluation. It provides to both communities, i.e., computational linguists and digital humanists, a set of best practices, or guidelines, on the cross-fertilisation of different methodologies and area of study.
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The article discusses the manifestoes of digital humanities in their chronological order, and focuses on their ideas, style characteristics, similarities to the avant-garde manifestos of the early 20th century. The analysis reviews positions that are critical to digital humanities and attempts to identify its place in the range of contemporary academic disciplines.
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The topic of the article is the concept of digital competence, which is described through criteria and indicators presented by the Framework for Understanding and Development of Digital Competence in Europe. A functional solution to the problem of smart use of information technologies is sought. We defend the understanding that the education systems in secondary schools and universities have to be changed and reformed according to the paradigm set by new technologies. The digital competence self-assessment matrix is examined to answer the question if this type of competence should be taught.
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Bilingual corpora in language education and research offer a unique instrument for discovering languages logical sets and translation techniques both in the original and the target language systems. They provide today’s learners with a means for individual exploration and acquiring of linguistic knowledge with no human mediators like e.g. teachers. That is one of the goals of building a parallel bilingual corpus of Bulgarian translations of Roman authors and texts as a depiction of a peculiar local reception of antiquity and as a means for enhancing linguistic and literary analyses. The paper confines to the account of few case studies, provided by aligned bilingual corpora and computer-assisted analyses, and intertwines with some issues about the dynamic and changing conditions and challenges in education and research in present days.
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In his book The Obsolescence of Humankind (1956), Gunter Anders speaks of the Promethean shame of the modern man that he is not at the height of the things he invented himself. At the heart of this shame stands the humiliating feeling that unlike a machine, the human being is an accidental, incomplete result of a blind, unpredictable, incalculable and uncontrollable process of conception and birth, that unlike machines, he is born, not produced. Desiring to imitate the technical tools, the modern man sets himself ever higher goals, becoming subject to a specific engineering whose ultimate goal is to transform tne man into a machine. The article еxamines this process of eliminating the human from the cybernetics through the algorithmic governmentality to the biotechnical enhancement.
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The paper explores the notion of virtuality in William Gibson’s latest sci-fi novel “The Peripheral” in terms of its relation to the concepts of the digital and the real. The body is thus used as a medium the purpose of which is to negotiate their possible theoretical differences. The article also explores the pervasive role of the police authority in the novel’s universum considering it a part of the established dynamic.
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The aim of the paper is to present some humourous texts, which are shared in Facebook, the most widespread social media in Bulgaria at the moment. These funny messages are often re-posted by some users both to make them more popular and to amuse the others. The investigation shows that the humour production in the excerpted corpus is mostly based on the polysemy and homonymy. The play between more than one meanings of a word, the ambiguity between some possible interpretations is a source of mirth. As the laugh has the positive effect on people, one may assume that the consequence of such a sharing is similar.
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The article examines the issue of the dissemination of the contemporary act of digital humanity. It is topical and significant with a view to its growing popularity among recipient. The focus is direction on connection between media and literature as fundamental and key for humanity. Examines incidence of the message in contemporary media and literature environment. This is due to the wide accessibility and the means of its distribution through various websites, new media, social network development (Facebook). Vlogging and multimedia platforms (YouTube) play an increasingly important role in this process. Some of the conclusions are: 1) The storytelling will be find in many direction – media, art, literature and etc.; 2) The literature will always be modern in various forms аs well as in its audio-visual combination; 3) Humanity will be have bigger role in modern society.
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The glass age is flourishing in the architecture industry. The role of glass has evolved and strengthened over the years to make it one of the most important building materials for humanity. The emergence of different glass processing techniques is expanding the capabilities and the application of the material in the field of architecture and design in the context of digital humanities. Cultural heritage finds its application in modern times by being transmitted through digitalisation on glass media. Permanent works of art, symbols of antiquity and classical texts are displayed on glass by the method of image transfer. The transparent building material has virtually unlimited aesthetic capabilities, combined with exceptional features. In architecture, serigraphic glass in the context of digital humanities is used for windows and showcases, facade coatings, individual architectural details. In the interior, photo-transmitted image glass is used for partitions, glass floors, stairs, roof glazing and glass bricks. The natural simplistic visual access to classical works by mean of digital instruments determines their immediate application as social and psychological keys for communication in the field of design and architecture.
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This text has a chapter about “The boot in the Bulgarian literary fashion” – a research of Daria Karapetkova in which she gives models of criticising and analising Italian literature’s translations into Bulgarian, made from 1878 to 1989. She describes how they were accepted in Bulgaria. The main subject of the text is in the chapter, where two of Bulgarian translations of “Alice’s adventures in Wonderland” are presented. Some passages are selected and put together, and linguistic approaches in them are compared. The reception of two translations is commented on the base of the previously mentioned models.
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