![Годишно съдържание на научното списание "Български език и литература" Година LXIV (2022)](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2022_71757.jpg)
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Boris Pasternak's letters to the Georgian addressees are an important research material for understanding the translation process or the writer's views and opinions on his time and epoch. The research presented here is based on the part of Boris Pasternak's epistolary heritage addressed to his Georgian friends.The personal letters of Boris Pasternak have always arisen the interest of researchers and even today it is still in progress.The main purpose of this article is to highlight the role of Georgia, Tbilisi and the Georgian society in Boris Pasternak’s work and life, based on the correspondence with Georgian addressees. Before traveling to Georgia, Pasternak knew our country, and the Georgian society knew Pasternak. As a result of the poet's arrival in Georgia in the summer of 1931, long creative ties began, which were preceded by friendships and personal relationships between Boris Pasternak and Georgian figures. As Pasternak himself notes, he first fell in love with the "source", which was followed by a wordless understanding of Georgian poetry, and then years of work on translations.
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The content analysis of Putin's speeches, in the present work, aims to identify the propaganda techniques through which the Kremlin's rhetoric tries to justify the war in Ukraine, which broke out on February 24, 2022. Russia's military attack in Ukraine follows the trajectory of the March 18, 2014, annexation of Crimea, only the Kremlin's discourse denies the concepts of war and annexation and replaces them with the term "special military operation"2, liberation from NATO's eastward military expansion or accession to Russia, including all forms of Western military threat to the Soviet East, as evidenced by the Kremlin's propaganda discourse. The Kremlin's discourse, in the context of the armed operations in Ukraine, has a symbolic capital through which it imposes its own perspective, because no symbolic power can exist without a symbolism of power (Bourdieu 112). It is about the discourse of power, constructed through symbolic resources, intended to be disseminated so that the Kremlin's conative force is even more strongly activated among Russian citizens. On the other hand, pragmatically, such a construction is also a message of the Kremlin's authority to Western countries.
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In this article we address the issue of ethnonyms and habitational names (EOMs), especially the cases of unclear boundaries between the proper noun and the appellative in the stylistically symptomatic EOMs, and orthographic divergence in writing capital letters in this group of names. On the basis of both domestic and foreign theoretical works and corpus material (semantic analysis of the phrase GALSKÝ KOHÚT / GALSKÍ KOHÚTI) we present the basic theoretical and methodological basis for the continuation of the study, which will be devoted to the word-formation patterns of EOMs, their stylistic symptomatology and pragmalinguistic value, and the resulting issue of capitalizing letters.
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The article aims to present the controversy surrounding the geyi's translation and interpretation technique, which was used in the third and fourth centuries in China, commonly translated as "matching concepts", which is the most distinct manifestation of the adaptation of Buddhist concepts to classical Taoist doctrines. For this purpose, its basic philological and philosophical interpretations of the term are presented. Studying the spread and adaptation of Buddhist doctrines in China gives the unique opportunity to balance these two opposing positions. The very specificity of the philosophical sense of the translator and the interpretive technique of the geyi is considered in its aspect as one of the main factors that shaped the features of Chinese Buddhism and its subsequent final detachment from its Indian equivalent. Its use and improvement mark the beginning of the formation of East Asian Buddhism as an essentially new Buddhist doctrinal strand.
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This article compares two novels published at two crucial moments in Poland’s recent history: Włodzimierz Pawluczuk’s Judaszappeared in the year of Poland’s joining the EU (2004), Andrzej Stasiuk’s Przewózwas published in the atmosphere of the emerging conflict over the Polish(and EU) eastern border (2021). Both novels, separated by almost two decades, refer to the same sociocultural phenomenon which can be defined(to use a phrase borrowed from Maurice Mochnacki) as “the land of passages”. The problematic and imaginary complex marked in this way is connected with the recurring experience of the crossing of foreign armies,the disintegration of state and social structures (including the violation of the patriarchal model), and the necessity to fight for survival on a basic level. The challenge posed to the male and female protagonists by “the land of passages” proves devastating especially for the traditionally understood masculinity, which obligates one to defend the family, the nation, national borders, and the world as a meaningful whole in a situation of danger.Women, traditionally assigned to the care of sustaining life in the biological sense, do not suffer a loss of their gender identity, for they do not lose the field of remedial behavior, consistent with the cultural image of femininity in its archetype.
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The paper examines the role of Naples in Elena Ferrante’s works.The regional capital of Campania serves here as a topographical frame for the protagonists’ experiences and, at the same time, as a plane on to which Ferrante inscribes fundamental dimensions of her work, relatedto autobiography, identity, intertextuality and artistic craft. Central to such poetics of space is the inseparable relationship between Naples, women’s experiences and creativity. The essence of this relationship is defined by such notions as labyrinth, porous, ghettoization, and “smarginatura”. Rewriting the city from the perspective of women’s sensitivityand memory subversively deconstructs its androcentric and oppressive qualities, emphasizing women’s agency as dux feminae facti, marking their own spaces in the urban and artistic topography.
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The case of Central European memory and nostalgia is a key to the understanding of spiritual and artistic life in the 20th century. Special features of Central European spiritual life and narration are the feelings of nostalgia, innumerable flashbacks in time, cosmopolitism, and strong regional identity at the same time. Central Europe is the space of distinctive and specific tolerance. The figure of Ingeborg Bachmann is symbolic since it embodies the connection between the two fundamental cultural processes of the twentieth century: philosophy and literature. The article examines Ingeborg Bachmann’s literary interpretations of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language and responses to this philosophical and geopolitical challenge. Borders of Habsburg Empire are symbols of cross-border identities and culture. The author offers to look at the Central European literary nostalgia as a possibility to situate Central European culture and spirituality geographically and territorially. Ingeborg Bachmann created her own borders: the linguistic border, border of gender, time, territory, and philosophical thinking.
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The present paper analysis the position of the qualifying adjective in the nominal group, based on a corpus of texts included in the volume "Romanian documents and notes from the 16th century". The occurrences of the prefixed and postposed qualifying adjective as a modifier will be considered, in order to establish possible preferences of prefix or postposition compared to the nominal determined in the old Romanian language.
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An essential problem with which a good number of linguists have confronted themselves over time is that of giving an accurate picture of aspect. The aspect category varies from language to language.Understanding aspect in all its manifestations is important to our work which seeks to provide a comprehensive picture of the various verbal systems we address.Some aspects are systematic in some languages. It is in the comparison of languagesthat we manage to identify the most subtle verbal aspects and to see them in their true light. Our main comparison concerns French and Romanian. We can say that the classification of verbs in simple and compound tenses in French has a similar figuration with Romanian.
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When Alexander Rudnay (1760-1831) was installed as Primate, which is the highest position of Catholic Church in the Hungarian Kingdom, in 1820, he faced several challenges. First, he had to balance between the Habsburg Court and the Vatican, and between the Court and the Hungarian-Slovak noble estates. Second, the Catholic Church was in crisis at the beginning of the 19th century as the high clergy felt a moral deterioration. This paper presents the poetical representation of the installation ceremony, which was held in May 1820. More than a hundred poems were born in several languages (Latin, Hungarian, German, Slovak, and French) by numerous kinds of authors (such as clerics, nobles, students or simple citizens). Of course, in these poetic laudations the authors all praised the excellence and virtue of Rudnay, but they also tried to articulate what their wishes were, what expectations they had, what they thought about their political chances, and how an archbishop should support a political cause at the Court. In this sense, the poetry that was born for this occasion was a specific tool of political communication by which their opinions and desires could be express.
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The article starts with the observation that Sigmund Freud’s teaching is based on the experience gained in the treatment in psychiatric clinics but has become a comprehensive theory seeking to explain the secret manifestations of the spirit. For the first time it has shed light on a series of mysterious mental facts and has made it possible to penetrate into the depths of the unconscious. Psychoanalysis has an experimental basis and is a precise psychological method. It helps establish the spiritual structure composed of the conscious and unconscious and the preconscious in between. Psychic life is governed by two basic principles – pleasure and reality. Artistic creativity largely reflects the struggle between reality and drives as well as its consequences in the unconscious. The reason for psychoanalyzing artistic works as well as the poet's soul, is the fact that aesthetically valuable works are created almost unconsciously. The motives of the work and the poet's characters manifest his inclinations in a disguised form. Therefore the psychoanalysis of a specific work includes not only the analysis of it alone, but also of its author at definite periods of his development. Special attention among the unconscious human complexes has been given to the Oedipus complex which has inspired many authors. His influence on the work of several Bulgarian poets has been analyzed including Hristo Botev, Ivan Vazov, Pencho Slaveykov, Dimcho Debelyanov and Peyo Yavorov
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This paper offers an interpretation of a passage in Book VII of Plato's Laws (817b1- 817d8), where the political constitution of the fictional polis Magnesia is called the “truest tragedy”. The author argues that this statement is metaphorical and analyses the conceptual and dramaturgical premises for understanding the metaphor.
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The memory of the history and the people who made a great contribution to the country plays a very important role in the current situation of each state and in the national consciousness of the next generations. Of particular importance is the link between the generations, which is precisely realized through national history and the lessons of the past.
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The subject of this research is the folklore material that is set in traditional art, thought, knowledge and practice, and which has its place in postmodern drama. This opens the opportunity for new interpretations of folklore traditions that allow encoding and decoding of said folklore material. Through the method of analytical and comparative research, the paper shows how far the folklore motive from the story “Siljan the Stork” is being transformed and adapted in the literary drama “Siljan the Stork Chance” by Dejan Dukovski. In this way, the aim of the paper was, through the clash between “literary”, “modern”, “folklore” and “myth”, to interpret the processes of coding, decoding and transformation of folklore models in contemporary drama.
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In this paper I will offer a reading of Alberto Moreiras’ recently published books, but within the context of his life’s work as a whole: which I will consider from the point of view of a questioning of the idea of the time/history difference. After briefly tracing that overarching concern in his early work, I move to a consideration of a move away from Hegelianism in the more recent publications. This non-Hegelianism is not simply an anti-Hegelian stance. Understanding the difference will take us into the true dimension of infrapolitics. This aspect of Moreiras’ contribution to contemporary debates will be illustrated by way of his paradoxical and unrecognizable Antigone.
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The article deals with the problematic relationship between Paul Celan and Martin Heidegger. The two knew and respected each other intellectually, but the obstacle in their relationship was Heidegger’s involvement in the Nazi movement, which was unacceptable to Celan as a direct witness to the Holocaust. The main difference between them was in their view of the role of language: Heidegger wanted to use ‘poetic’ thought to overcome the crisis of metaphysics and reformulate the question of being, while Celan to give a voice to all the martyred. Though Celan never succeeded in getting Heidegger to apologize in any way for his involvement with the Nazis, his moral superiority – both in his thought world and during their mutual encounters – is obvious.
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The present contribution discusses the question of originality of the text The Tale of Igor’s Campaign [Slovo o polku Igorevě] from the point of view of its lexemes, both appellatives and proper names, which can be of oriental origin. The etymological analysis supported by modern lexicographic literature confirms the originality of proposed Orientalisms, especially in confrontation with the assumed Bohemisms and Hebraisms by Edward Keenan.
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In the article, the author offers a periodisation of diachronic linguistic studies at the University of Kyiv. According to the author, the development of the Kyiv school of historical linguistics falls into four periods. During the first period, represented by Mykhailo Maksymovych, Oleksiy Sobolevsky, Volodymyr Peretz, two opposite approaches, toward the origins of the Ukrainian language, based on the colonial (Imperial) and the national ethno-political concepts, emerged. The comparative-historical method came to be prevailing, with positivism at its gnoseological foundation. Problems discussed in the studies of the Kyiv school demonstrated a wide array of attitudes, common European scholarly trends, and theoretical depth. The second period, marked by a struggle for Ukrainian independence and the policy of Ukrainization, was premised on neogrammarian ideas, ethnographic purism, and structuralism. The most prominent representatives of this period were Ivan Ohienko, Ahatanhel Krymsky, Vasyl Demyanchuk, and Vsevolod Hantsov. The end of the second period coincided with the purge of Ukrainian intelligentsia in 1937. During the third period, study of the history of Ukrainian was conducted within the framework of Soviet historiography. The formation of separate East Slavic languages was postponed until the 14th century, while study of historical records and publication of theoretical works became a priority in the agenda of the academicians Leonid Bulakhovsky and Ivan Bilodid. Didactic works on the history of standard Ukrainian, authored by Petro Tymoshenko and Pavlo Plyushch, as well as rare dissertations were based on structural and functional methods. After 1992, problems of the history of the Ukrainian language were projected onto a cognitive discourse paradigm. Reconstruction, based on the material of historical records, furthered the understanding of language mentality, modus, and fragments of scientific discourse. The growth of didactic works took place in the conditions of the state’s self-determination, when the responsibility for historical heritage strengthened the role of comparative-historical studies.
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