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Svršenici mekteb-i nuvvaba bili su utemeljitelji i nosioci orijentalnih studija na sarajevskom univerzitetu

Author(s): Omer Nakičević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 60/2014

As a contribution to the argument that teaching of Arabic language has its origin at the Faculty of Islamic studies in Sarajevo (integral part of its curriculum), the author reminds us of some fundamental determinants of the plan and programme of an educational institution Mactab-i Nuwwab (The Sharia School for Judges, Scherijatische Richter Schule), later developed into The Higher Islamic Sharia School (VIŠT)on foundations of which, for more than thirty years, as a result of a planned activity of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Faculty of the Islamic Studies is functioning. Studies of Arabic language are the bases for all the other Islamic studies as it is confirmed in the Article 2 of the Organisational Institute for The Sharia School for Judges wherein it is stated: “Applicants that would be enrolled in this educational institution, will be those who succeeded in the test for the Arabic language grammar and syntax.” This high education institution, of which the Faculty of the Islamic Studies is the successor, has produced graduates that were amongst the founders of the Oriental Philology Department of The Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo and the Oriental Institute.

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Kontinuitet izučavanja arapskog jezika obavezuje nas na nove iskorake

Author(s): Zehra Alispahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 60/2014

Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina with oriental culture and languages date back to time of the official establishment of Islam in the Balkan Peninsula in second half of the 15th century. Thus, we may say that the Arabic language represents an inseparable segment of historical, cultural and civilizational identity of Bosniaks and the other nations in this territory. Arabic language is continuously present in the educational system of Bosnia and Herzegovina since the end of the 15th century, at first in religious educational and upbringing institutions (maktab, madrassa) and, by the end of 19th century Arabic language, as a language of the world culture and civilization was introduced in the programmes of secular high schools. At the institutions of higher and high academic level Arabic language is present since 19th century, primarily at the School for the Sharia Judges and later in the Higher Islamic Sharia and Theology School, and with the establishment of Sarajevo University and its Faculty of Philosophy with the Department for Orientalism (Department for Oriental Philology) in year 1950, Arabic language is studied at other higher academic institutions. Continuity of the Arabic language studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a matter of pride, however the new era requires further progress and answers to many issues, some of these we brought up in this Forum about the Arabic language: what are the real aims of teaching the Arabic language at all the levels of the educational process, especially in madrassas and universities? Why is it that teaching of the Arabic language, regardless of the level, does not produce satisfying results in context of mastering the skills of understanding and communication when compared with other foreign languages? Are madrassas, as the faithful guardians of the Arabic language through so many centuries behind us, bearing in mind the fact that they educate the largest number of students studying Arabic language as compulsory subject, willing to make progress in the methodology of teaching Arabic language, undertake revision of the teaching plan and programme and introduce new modern and attractive textbooks that would respond to the requirements of the present time and to the needs of new generations, though at the same time ensuring and preserving the missionary role of Arabic language.

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Building Legal Language Awareness through Legal Collocations

Author(s): Marina-Cristiana Rotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Language awareness, an important concept in ELT, can also be used in the teaching and learning of specialized language, such as legal language. Like any other specialized language, Legal English has its own characteristics. Making students aware of various aspects and peculiarities of Legal English helps them understand and learn it better. One way of boosting legal awareness as far as Legal English is concerned is through legal collocations. Collocations, in general, are a good way of increasing language accuracy. Being able to build correct collocations is an indicator of a good command of the language. The peculiarities of Legal English are often thought-provoking to those who want to study it. Legal collocations represent a category of the above-mentioned peculiarities. But once students become acquainted with them, legal collocations turn into useful tools for understanding the specificity of legal language, such as the nature of various relationships established between the parties in a case or in a contract, or among people in a courtroom, be they members of the legal profession or members of the general public.

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Du CECR au texte littéraire à travers le manuel de FLE

Author(s): Violeta Conduruță (Măzăroaie) / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2022

Following its publication, the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages redefines the status of the literary text and proposes new approaches to documents in the form of tasks to be solved in the classroom. Before analyzing the place of literature in a corpus of high school textbooks, we point out that literary texts have always played a role in the teaching of French as a foreign language (FLE). Given this context, each unit comprises several parts, including an initial text with reading comprehension exercises, sections dedicated to the study of lexis and grammar, sometimes accompanied by speech acts (if they are not the subject of a particular section), a section dealing with questions of (inter)culture and civilization, and even an evaluation rubric. As an integral part of FLE teaching, literature is a preferential choice, given the tendency to stimulate reading at all levels, all the more so in high school.

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POV Shots in Light of Cognitive Grammar

Author(s): Mircea Valeriu Deaca / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper applies Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar notions to cinematic editing constructions. Notions like head, complement, autonomous and dependent structures and the concept of elaboration site (e-site) are applied to editing constructions. The e-site represents a schematic region in the situation evoked by a simulation, and plays the role of a simulator and a goal concept. Simulations can contain schematic components that only partially represent entities and event frames, not just detailed representations of them. Starting from grammatical constructions, we will detail the couplings between control models in sequences of POV shots. The visual expression is a composite structure that “inherits’ its profile from a component structure. Different construals and constructional schemas are instantiated by the juxtapositions of shots.The e-site plays the role a goal-concept. Goal-derived categories constitute the mappings between roles in event sequences, and instantiations in the environment. As structures of these mappings emerge, the conceptual system becomes organized around the action–environment interface (Barsalou 2003: 522). Since conceptual representations are dynamically contextualized to support diverse courses of goal pursuit, situated conceptualizations support conceptual inferences via pattern completion. When one part of a situated conceptualization is perceived, the remainder of the conceptualization becomes active, constituting inferences about the current situation. In short, the e-site can be defined as a summary conceptualization that inhabits a schematic region of a simulation, and prompts the film viewer to construct concepts that will categorize other components down the chain of a sequence of shots.In this paper, I describe different semantic construals evoked by a POV sequence of shots. The claim is that sequences of shots are conceptual systems bound by circular loops at several levels. Several configurations of the system coexist and the viewer has the executive control necessary for implementing alternative meaning construals.

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Aspecte ale neologiei în terminologia filozofică românească actuală

Author(s): Emilia Ababei Cioloca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Fenomenul de neologizare masivă prin împrumuturi din limba franceză de la începutul secolului al XIX-lea a transformat limba română la nivelul terminologiei filozofice, iar globalizarea și ascensiunea limbii engleze ridică întrebări asupra acesteia. Filozofia, având un raport intim cu istoria identitară, devine teren predilect pentru împrumuturi și interconectivitate interlingvistică. Conceptul de neologism, abordat în contextul limbii române, relevă aspecte formale, semantice și pragmatice. Distincția între neologism și neonim subliniază stabilitatea acestora din urmă, cu formare în baza rădăcinilor greco-latine. Neologismele de sursă franceză din lexicul filozofic românesc actual reflectă adaptabilitatea limbii la schimbările din societate și complexitatea terminologiei filozofice.

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Political Cartoons in the Context of the Russian-Ukrainian War. The Image of President Putin

Author(s): Andreea Nicoleta Soare / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper analyzes the image of president Vladimir Putin in the cartoons related to the Russian-Ukrainian war, published on the news websiteusnews.com. I will categorize the cartoons starting from the most frequent hypostases of Vladimir Putin since the start of the war, as presented by the cartoonists. The focus will be on the relation between the text and the image(graphic elements) and how it contributes to the final interpretation of the message.

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Learners’ attitudes towards online learning in EFL course

Author(s): Gentjana Taraj / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Although alternative models of teaching in addition to face-to-face or traditional learning are not new for many universities all over the world, the synchronous learning did not come as a natural consequence of incorporating the information and communication technology in education but was forcefully imposed on Albanian learners and educators due to Covid 19 pandemic which severely affected not only the economy, but also the education system. The present study aims at investigating the attitude of undergraduate learners towards synchronous learning. There were 141 (132 females and 9 males) students from four departments in two state Universities in Albania who participated in the study. The participants enrolled in English for Specific Purposes course for at least one semester. To measure their level of satisfaction in ESP course in Moodle Platform a questionnaire of 15 questions was used. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. It was found that learners were partially satisfied with synchronous learning in ESP course. Data indicate that learners prefer face-to-face education largely because it allows them to have a better interaction with each other and the teacher, be more active and motivated. The study suggests that the successful implementation of synchronous learning at the Institutions of Higher Education in Albania requires support from the institutions and adaptation of educational programs so that they offer the maximum acceptability and suitability to the learners.

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Technology and Foreign Language Teaching- A Dual Perspective

Author(s): Lucia-Mihaela Grosu-Rădulescu,Ana Maria Madalina Dicianu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Considering recent preoccupations with the digitalization of education, the present paper will present research results on the topic of foreign language teaching using technological media. Our main research purpose was to determine the extent to which both students and teachers find technology useful and supportive for foreign language teaching and learning, respectively. The analysis of the data collected via questionnaires revealed the high impact of technology on language teaching and language acquisition, with teachers and students supporting the use of digital media for better performance.

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The English Patient, A Narrative of Diasporic Identity

Author(s): Georgiana Monica Iorga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper is a text-applied comparative approach to some thematic aspects of identity formation in a chosen fictional text belonging to diasporic literature in English, at the intersection of various geographical, ethnic and cultural spaces. Rather than aiming at an exhaustive survey of diasporic fictions in English (almost an impossible task, given the amount of such writing that is being produced in the contemporary global age), I shall aim at focusing on a number of recurrent topics approached throughout the chosen literary work. My main intention will be to point out various ways in which the textuality of written fictional text reflects on issues related to migration, nomadism and diasporic identity from a variety of theoretical perspectives, but situated mainly in a postcolonial, transnational and global light. Place and time are connected to memories and homeland as they represent important values for those who live in diaspora (place: where they were born and they spent their childhood or a part of their lives; time: events, customs and traditions associated to a certain moment in their lives).

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Technology and Control from Dystopian Literature to the Present Day

Author(s): Francisc Horvath / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

When watching a sci-fi movie or reading a book, people often wonder if those things they find out will be possible in the future. Things that seemed impossible 100 years ago are possible today due to technology. Nevertheless, does this advancement in technology mean only comfort? This article aims to study the topic of technology and control in three dystopian novels. Also, a second objective is constructing an imaginary bridge over time by finding analogies of what it seemed SF for the writers of dystopian novels and what we live today. Accordingly, what writers like Huxley, Orwell, and Bradbury considered the control of people through technology now exists, and it is mundane stuff.

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Linguistic Devices in Rabindranath Tagore’s Poetry

Author(s): Mariana Coancă / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Rabindranath Tagore, although not strictly a Bhakti poet, frequently delves into spiritual and philosophical themes in his writings. The corpus contains 15 poems from the Gitanjali collection translated in English by Tagore himself. The linguistic devices employed in the analyzed poems contribute to their thematic richness. These include repetitions of wh- words and phrases, highlighting commitment and persistence. Metaphors convey immersive musical experiences, intimate connections between devotion and action, and the fleeting nature of time. Rhetorical questions challenge traditional forms of worship, while symbolic words and enjambment enhance continuity and rhythm. Descriptive modifiers, such as adjectives and adverbs, evoke vivid imagery and contribute to the overall aesthetic. Tagore’s linguistic prowess, demonstrated through these devices, elevates his poems to timeless works that bridge cultural boundaries.

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Lucian Blaga`s Poetic Style in Prose: The Chronicle and Song of Ages

Author(s): Mădălina-Steliana Deaconu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The present paper aims at giving a brief insight into Lucian Blaga`s poetic style in prose, as it is revealed by the figures of speech, mainly by metaphors. They are analyzed both from the cognitive linguistics point of view and from the traditional linguistics one. The first part of the paper is a general presentation of Lucian Blaga`s volume, The Chronicle and Song of Ages, the second part focuses on the cognitive analysis of some metaphors, identifying the cognitive metaphors and describing the metaphoric mapping, whereas the third part focuses on the traditional analysis of metaphors, identifying the linguistic metaphors and describing the metaphoric mechanism. The fourth part of the paper gathers the conclusions, bringing together the main ideas.

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Las variantes de traducción de un texto jurídico-económico y la importancia de los métodos de traducción de los contextos económicos: financiero-bancarios, comerciales, jurídico-administrativos, legales

Author(s): Loredana Miclea / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2023

Globalization has made multilingual communication essential, as many interactions and transactions need the help of an interpreter or translator to be completed successfully. Furthermore, productivity is based on several factors, such as communication, which is possible in many languages. Translations intended for banking and financial service providers from all economic sectors are required because markets are developing rapidly. It is clear that the financial sector needs specialists with certain distinguished knowledge in the economic sector, because mistakes could be costly. That is why the phases of translation of a legal-economic text and the importance of translation methods in similar contexts: financial-banking, commercial, legal-administrative, legal, are essential. It is vital to investigate the legal-economic translations of: financial statements, bank documents, balance sheets and all types of financial-banking forms (payment orders, checks, account statements, payrolls); financial-banking contracts (credit contract, account contract); audit documentation (translation of specific audit operations, audit reports, planning reports, financial information audit forms); of economic procedures, so that transactions and communication are as secure and clear as possible for clients who speak a foreign language (translations of financial studies and analyzes respectively); of conferences and business meetings with financial analysts and investors.

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Aký je vid existenciálneho slovesa byť

Author(s): Ján Kačala / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2025

Explanatory dictionaries of standard Slovak published since the second half of the 20th century in the entry for the verb to be uniformly state that the verb to be is imperfective and rarely also perfective. The question of the perfectiveness of the verb to be was raised by Štefan Peciar in his 1958 report, one year before the publication of the first volume of Slovník slovenského jazyka, in connection with the drafting of the entry for the word to be for the forthcoming explanatory dictionary. There he notes the rare occurrence of the verb to be as a perfective verb. On the other hand, the representative works – the collective Morphology of the Slovak Language (1966) and Pauliny‘s Slovak Grammar – mark the verb to be as monoaspectual imperfective. Explanatory dictionaries, however, have not taken this opinion into consideration. The author critically points out this inappropriate lexicographical tradition and confirms the monoaspectuality and imperfectiveness of the verb to be in Slovak. He also refers to the same situation in some other North Slavic languages.

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O ustaľovaní a variantnosti lexikálnej jednotky check-out a jej domácich ekvivalentov

Author(s): Romana Krolčíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2025

The aim of this paper is to analyse the anglicism check-out and to describe its linguistic properties in the Slovak language. Our focus is not only on the orthographic and morphological adaptation of this foreign word, but also on its spelling variants check out and checkout. By corpus analysis of the word check-out we demonstrate how the adaptation process of foreign words depend on the linguistic system of the Slovak language and the needs of the users. We also focus on the Slovak equivalents of the word check-out, in particular, on the verbal noun odubytovanie, the verb odubytovať and the imperfective verb form odubytovávať. On a basis of a comparison of their frequency in the main corpus of written texts and the web corpus of the Slovak National Corpus we observe the variation, or the preference of borrowed and native words in selected corpora.

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„GRAVITACIONO POLJE“ KUR’ANSKOG TEKSTA I NJEGOV „POZITIVITET“

Author(s): Meysun Gharaibeh Simonović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 26/2024

Review of: Esad Duraković, Tekst i kontekst: nužnost reinterpretacije, Centar za napredne studije, Sarajevo, 2023

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Класификация и вариантност на устойчивите словосъчетания в българския език

Author(s): Vanya Zidarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Fixed expressions comprise a large, specific and diverse group of linguistic units which makes them a serious theoretical and lexicographical challenge. This article offers a review of the existing classifications. There is also a new model proposed – one which distinguishes between a core and a periphery. Manifestations of structural variability are also considered in two directions: in language and in speech. The observations are based on the corpus in one of the Bulgarian phraseological dictionaries.

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Portraits of War Refugees in Contemporary Polish Drama for Children

Author(s): Karolina Kaleta / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

From the perspective of the history of literature, war is a fundamental and crucial motif, present in a vast range of texts created by different cultures in different periods. Refugees are one of the brutal, yet usual, consequences of armed conflicts. However, neither the war nor its victims are commonly considered typical themes in dramas for children. Similarly to other so-called “difficult topics,” like death or illness, they used to be perceived as a certain taboo, absent from the art for the youngest audience. This paper aims to present different artistic strategies for portraying refugees and war victims in contemporary Polish drama for children. The analysis was based on practical examples and contains deeper insights into three texts written by the most frequently staged Polish playwrights. Although the article focuses on local dramaturgy, the context of adaptations of foreign literature was also included. The article is meant to fill the gap in the literature involving image of refugees in Polish theatre and drama for children, yet to be investigated.

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Ndikimet e koncepteve identitare në ato letrare

Author(s): Lumnije Jusufi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 26/2024

The article examines the influence of identity concepts on Albanian literature, focusing on its limitations as a monolingual body of work. It highlights the exclusion of bilingual authors and works written in other languages, providing examples from the Ottoman period, Arbëresh literature, and contemporary diaspora writings, such as those by Pajtim Statovci and Elvira Dones. The orientation towards Western culture and the Latin script is discussed as a factor that has marginalized Ottoman and Oriental influences. Furthermore, the article addresses anti-migration sentiment and Albania's perceived cultural superiority over Albanians beyond its borders. Through an analysis of literary histories and school curricula, it is argued that Albanian identity concepts have shaped a centralized literary tradition, excluding the linguistic and cultural diversity of Albanian-speaking regions.

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