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Писмата образци в „Писменник общеполезен“ (1835) на Хр. Павлович в контекста на развитието на българския книжовен език (с оглед на синтаксиса)

Author(s): Diana Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The second quarter of the 19th century was associated with the initial construction of the New Bulgarian literary language, a period in which the Slavonic-Bulgarian type of language formation dominated, containing spoken and bookish elements in an unbalanced ratio. In the works of some authors, it is closer to the Church Slavic language, while in others – to common speech. The observations on the books Pavlovich wrote in the 1830s (arithmetic and grammar) show that they had the second, more liberal line of language construction. This article aims to defend this thesis by analyzing „Pismennik obshtepolezen“ (1835) at a syntactic level and to highlight the merits of the author in the affirmation of syntactical norms, which is a point of interest in view of the development of the Bulgarian literary language.

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Наблюдения върху синтаксиса на „Книга за писма“ от Стоян и Христо Караминкови от 1850 г.

Author(s): Stanislava Teofilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The proposed text is dedicated to a little-known book of letters (1850) by Stoyan and Hristo Karaminkovi. Preliminary remarks on the samples for commercial letters are presented, as the linguistic observations are made from the point of view of the more peculiar syntax – the correspondence is dominated by complex mixed sentences, realized in different varieties.

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Етикетни средства и клишета за учтивост в „Писмовниче“ (1870) от Стефан Попов и Петър Аврамов

Author(s): Nadka Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the proposed article, the grammatical and lexical means of expressing politeness are subjected to analysis by means of the descriptive analytical method, as are the clichés for ending in 60 sample letters, recommended in the ‘Pismovniche’ tutorial. The authors, Stefan Popov and Petar Avramov, advise using second-person pronouns and plural verbs in all letters addressed to parents, close relatives, and other people to whom students in grades 5 through 8 send letters. This recommendation is interpreted as being introduced by certain French sources used in compiling the tutorial; it is also influenced by trends in the last decade of the Bulgarian Revival. The lexical means of courtesy (address and title) are an episode of the gradual imposition of the titles Mr. and Mrs.; the vocative forms of nouns naming the addressees are a natural norm in the language. The clichés at the end of the letters help their addressees to master the art of correspondence.

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„Програма за събиранье образци по народната устна словесност и местни наречия“ (1868) на Теодосий Икономов в контекста на отворените писма в българския периодичен печат от третата четвърт на XIX век

Author(s): Maria Mitskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

During the second half of the 19th century, Bulgarian writers stressed the necessity of collecting and studying all Bulgarian dialects as one of the essential conditions of building a unified and common standard language. Feeling compelled to state their opinions openly by participating in the public debate, since the problems of the language were perceived as matters of paramount importance for the future development and well-being of the nation, they chose to voice their understandings by adopting the method of open letters. In this context, in 1868 the editor of the magazine “Obsht trud” Teodosij Ikonomov published his “Program for collecting samples of oral folk literature and local dialects”, which represents his “open letter” to the public concerned.

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Синапсият и стремежът към икономия в съвременния български език

Author(s): Maria Kolarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

As one of the main word-formation methods in contemporary Bulgarian, the formation of synaptic combinations from both domestic and borrowed lexical material is characterized by high productivity (Murdarov 1983: 48). Many of the synaptic constructions registered in Dictionary of New Bulgarian Words 2010 and Dictionary of New Bulgarian Words 2021 have a shorter equivalent form, which is either a direct borrowing or a result of a different nominalization process. The aim of this study is to present a structural classification of recent synaptic combinations in contemporary Bulgarian and show how the principle of linguistic economy is manifested with some of these combinations.

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Микроструктура на синонимните речници на българския език

Author(s): Vanya Zidarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The research makes a comparative analysis of four thesauri of the Bulgarian language. Three of them are printed and the fourth is digital. The comparison is made based on the following criteria: volume of the lexical corpus, selection of language units, structure of the dictionary article, presence or absence of semantic definition and illustrative material, stylistic notes.

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За „малкия и среден бизнес“ в съвременния български език

Author(s): Zdravko Minchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present report treats the question of specific noun phrases with two or more adjectives obtaining the definite article in modern Bulgarian and analyses a common mistake usually made by native speakers in this respect. One such phrase is ‘the small and medium size enterprise’ which is a good illustration of the problem.

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Морфоструктура на глаголите от трето спрежение

Author(s): Desislava Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study aims to present and substantiate morpheme segmentation models of third conjugation verbs. In order to implement this task, the morphemes indicating the grammatical meanings of the verbs belonging to the studied formal class should be described. This brings to the fore the question of the coincidence of the aorist and the imperfect morphemes. It’s no accident that some linguists note that this coincidence is an obstacle to “distinguishing the two grammatical meanings”, which “suggests that we must think of a new morphology for these verbs” (Kutsarov 2011: 145). On the other hand, the verb bases for the third conjugation are formed with the help of different morphemes (compare: gled-a, pat-uva, kaz-va). In view of this, an attempt has been made to classify the bases.

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Семантика на интранзитивните глаголи, изразяващи пасивност

Author(s): Milena Vidralska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The interaction between passivity and transitivity has long been a point of interest among linguists. The traditional view of the relationship between the two is based on the idea that participial passive forms are most commonly formed by transitive verbs. Nevertheless, spoken language demonstrates a different linguistic phenomenon. In recent years there has been a tendency for verbs to shift from the class of intransitive verbs to the class of transitive, leading to a reconsideration of the ability of the newly-coined verb forms to form the passive voice. This paper studies passive forms that are comprised of non-reflexive intransitive verbs with the verb “to be”.

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За синтаксиса на емоциите

Author(s): Yovka Tisheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main goal of this article is to present observations on the syntactic structure of two of the verbs expressing positive feelings/emotional states: obicham (to love) and obozhavam (to adore). The valence frame of these verbs (also known as psychological verbs) comprises two arguments representing Experiencer and Theme (Object) of emotion. The possibilities for overt representation of thematic roles with two types of complements: noun phrases and subordinate clauses are analyzed. Obicham (to love) and obozhavam (to adore) belong to the subclass of stative predicates that allow for a stative reading only. In their argument structures that are analogous, the external argument represents Experiencer of emotion.

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Езикова реализация на предикативни конструкции за състояние

Author(s): Tsvetana Dimitrova,Maria Todorova,Valentina Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents a stage of the creation of a database with language material for the state predicative constructions in Bulgarian and Russian. The selection of the language material is based on a typology of the formal component structure made in a previous stage of the research. The presented observations on the frequency, distribution and correspondences of status predicates in Bulgarian and Russian are preliminary and were made on the basis of language material from related Bulgarian-Russian and Russian-Bulgarian texts within the Russian National Corpus.

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Синтактично описание на предикативите за физиологично състояние

Author(s): Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines the argument structure of constructions containing physiological-state predicative words in the contemporary Bulgarian language. The source material was extracted from the Bulgarian National Corpus and informal web communication. A comparison with corresponding stative verbs is made. The research reveals that the constructions under consideration include predicative adverbs (toplo, priyatno), predicative nouns (zhega) or predicative adjectives (gladen). Sentences containing explicit or implicit experiencer arguments are discussed along with the possibilities for expressing the stimulus and the locative argument as well as the constraints over complement sentences. The analysis of the empirical data leads to conclusions about the common argument structure of constructions with a predicative word denoting a physiological state.

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Epistemic modality of clauses and sentences with English and Bulgarian alternative interrogative structures

Author(s): Velichka Lyubomirova Spasova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the qualitative and quantitative findings from a comparative corpus-based research into the epistemic modality of clauses and sentences with English and Bulgarian alternative interrogative structures. The study has shown that in both languages the clauses and sentences are either genuine inquiries expecting the addressee to provide the right answer or selfaddressed questions signaling the speaker’s lack of knowledge, unhelpful memory, wondering and uncertainty, assumption, or concern and worry.

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Gedanklich zwischen ratio und intuitio – eine komponentenanalyse im psycholinguistischen feld

Author(s): Aylya Iliyazova / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The current linguistic research focuses on the analysis of linguistic facts in support of the hypothesis that people tend to believe that they think rationally and make rational decisions, and this tendency has its linguistic expression in lexical linguistic objects that they use for communicative purposes. In order to place emphasis on the “rational” in their way of thinking when communicating with others, native speakers “rely” more on lexical units grouped in a lexico-semantic field expressing rationality rather than on lexical units combined in a lexico-semantic field expressing intuitiveness. The paper also presents a linguistic model called the Triangle of Thought, which presents the synonymous relationships between selected lexemes that express co-referentiality. The presented component analysis of semantic synonyms of the Gedanke lexeme in the German-speaking semantic space supports the assumption that the German language is dominated by lexemes whose semantic features form the profile of “rationality”, in comparison with fewer lexical units whose semantic features characterize “intuitiveness”.

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Акустично моделиране на гласните с оптимизирано отчитане на перцептивните данни

Author(s): Rosina Kakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Learning new and relatively complex articulation habits requires continuous practice. A positive effect is achieved when the subject has proper feedback on the outcome of his actions. This is the purpose of the TREFL program in the field of corrective phonetics. This software-provided method offers the possibility of practical modelling of vowels, taking into account frequency integrations in their mental acoustic image. In contrast to the classical two-formant vowel model, the new model gives a more realistic representation of vowels at the perceptual level.

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Проблемът за свидетелствеността в граматичните съчинения от периода 1835 ‒ 1878 г.

Author(s): Vasil Stamenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the conceptions expressed in the1835 ‒ 1878 period, which relate to the meaning of direct evidence in Modern Bulgarian. It is argued that the terms definite tense: indefinite tense are polysemous. The text also comments on the first proposals for the existence of the -х-/-ш- ending defined as a marker of direct evidence by distinguished linguists such as A. Aleksandrov, I. Kutsarov, etc.

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Към въпроса за адвербиалните локативни модификатори в съвременния български и руски език

Author(s): Olga Chaparova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article investigates the adverbial means of expression as a component of the functional-semantic field (abbreviated in the article as FSF) of locativity in contemporary Bulgarian and Russian. One of the ways to signal spatial relations is by using locative adverbs. In this study we take into consideration the symmetries and asymmetries in the system of locative adverbs in the two languages.

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Функционално-семантични паралели между английските прилагателни имена на -able/-ible и т.нар. сегашни страдателни причастия в съвременния български език

Author(s): Diana Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to trace the functional-semantic parallels between the English -able/-ible adjectives and the Bulgarian deverbatives ending in the suffix -м/-ем (-m/-em). It provides a comparison between the two groups based on examples from Bulgarian and English translations and illustrates their similarities and differences. The study attempts to answer the question to what extent the English -able/-ible adjectives and the Bulgarian present passive participles can be considered as functional-semantic equivalents.

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За глаголната форма hube cantado в съвременния испански език и нейните функционални еквиваленти в българския език

Author(s): Polina Tabakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The object of the present article is the verb form hube cantado in modern Spanish. The main goal is, through the method of comparative analysis, to present the systemic meaning of this “archaic” verb form, to discuss its place in the temporal system, to reveal which is its functional equivalents in Bulgarian and to expand the horizons of reflection on the issue.

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Изследване и коментар на избрани неточно предадени норвежки собствени имена на български език от сборника „Северни морски новели“

Author(s): Atanas Dobrev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current article deals with the problem of transcription, and more precisely – with the transcription of Norwegian proper names in Bulgarian, and features comments on the incorrect, in this writer’s opinion, adaptation of some of them. For this purpose excerpted material from book XV of the series „World Maritime Novellas“ – „Northern Maritime Novellas“ under the editorship of Georgi Valchev is being used, dealing with the Norwegian part, translated by Elena Kisimova and Stoyan Ikonomov respectively. In addition, certain features of the host language are mentioned, as well as the existence of traditionally established forms that deviate from today's rules of transcription.

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