La transition lychnologique byzantino-arabe en Egypte et au Proche-Orient: lampes coptes et musulmanes de la collection Bouvier

Author(s): Laurent Chrzanovski / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2013

The analytical study of 63 unpublished clay lamps allowed us to review all the existing typologies of a crucial period for the Egyptian lamp workshops, i.e. from the late Byzantine times to the Islamic era, paying special attention to the transition types and to the very first Islamic lamps. We discuss here the categories of lamps fitting perfectly the established typologies, as well as the categories for which the existing classifications are not satisfactory. The second aim of the article is to focus on the influence of the Near Eastern production and imports on the Egyptian lamp manufacturers, mainly during the Byzantine-Islamic transition period, which is an important key to understanding lamp types that will often have a very broad expansion, from Maghreb area to all Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea shores, influencing even Byzantine manufacturers.

Consideratii preliminare privind lampile grecesti si elenisticede la Orgame / Argamum (com. Jurilovca, jud. Tulcea)

Author(s): Florin Topoleanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2013

The ruins of the Greco-Roman city Orgame / Argamum lie 6,5 km east from Jurilovca, Tulcea County, at Capul Doloşman; quite early on, it became the focus of scholars due to the archaeological excavations systematically carried on since 1926. Orgame / Argamum was founded by colonists from Milet in the middle of the 7th century BC and was continuously inhabited until the beginning of the 7th century AD. The chronology of the main historical periods is generally established notwithstanding the modest scale of the excavation. Since the Roman and, especially, Late Roman vestiges completely overlap the remnants of earlier periods, the Hellenistic phase of the city is less known. This paper describes for the first time the Greek lamps from Orgame, a ceramic category important both for the chronological ’fine tune’ and for the identification of the city’s commercial partners. The 19 lamps analyzed are dated between the end of the 7th century BC and the first years of the 2nd century BC, confirming thus, once more, the pre Roman evolution of Orgame. Of these, four artefacts are complete (or could be completely restored) and six only have a complete body profile. Most of them (twelve artefacts) were gathered from the nearby beach, at the base of the promontory on which the settlement was constructed; four lamps were excavated in the city, two were excavated in the tumulus necropolis, and one was excavated in the extramural sector, westward from the Late Roman fortification. The earliest lamps (dating from the Greek Archaic and Classical periods) have an open body and are fitted with a central tube or a conical protuberance on the inside. By contrast, the Hellenistic lamps preserve many more morphological elements useful in their identification. Unfortunately, most pieces were accidentally found or came from secondary positions, thus their value in dating the stratigraphical context is low. The lot analyzed is, both typologically and chronologically, quite diverse, though scant and probably incomplete. The fine ware – issued in well established Greek production centres – stands out; alongside, artefacts loosely modelled out of coarse clay have been discovered. The possibility that the latter could have been produced at Orgame is not to be excluded; this assumption may be backed by the ceramic kilns of a similar age excavated here. Finally, the spatial distribution of the lamp finds (with a significant concentration on and around the beach) implies reconsidering the dimensions of an intensely populated area during the Greek period – completely lost after the partial collapse of the cliff that presumably occurred sometime in the Late Roman period.

Aspecte din viata spirituala a populatiei rurale din zona gurilor Dunarii în pragul noului ev crestin

Author(s): Victor Heinrich Baumann / Language(s): Romance (Other) Issue: 11/2013

Several important archaeological finds reveal the diversity of spiritual life in the rural area of the north Scythian limes, in the transition period to the Late Roman Empire. The most significant spiritual practices concern the continuation of ancient magic-religious manifestations, which, inter alia, claim to account for the “popular” content of Romanian Christianity. We believe and we try to prove that heathen and rustic concepts are not identical, just as the concept of “heathens” cannot define pagani, rustici and gentiles. These assertions of Christian writers are a result of the “Hebrew origin of the Christian lexicon”. The investigations made in the archaeological sites in Northern Dobrudja have revealed the presence of vast rural settlements specific to the late Roman Empire (4th century AD). According to the definition given by Pârvan to this type of settlements, this is a derivation of the Early Roman Empire pagus. We think that the evolution of the indigenous Romanized villages towards the Roman pagus is the result of several factors, such as the pauperization of the rural population after the great crisis in the 3rd century AD, followed by the concentration of property, with all social and economic implications it entailed. It seems that during the Dominate, the name of pagani spreads in the rural area, due to the above-mentioned phenomenon. We can say that the archaeological investigations made in the rural sites from Northern Dobrudja confirm older opinions that the indigenous populations from the old habitat of the Getae-Dacians continues to pay special attention, even in the eve of the new Christian Era, to the magic-religious manifestations. Thus, the ancient cult of the hearth continues at the beginning of the Late Roman Empire. The act of maintaining the hearth in optimal state - proven by the multiple soldering – serves both utilitarian and magic-religious purposes. The best known hypothesis regarding these ritual practices in the rural area underlines their magical purpose, as a result of preserving, from prehistoric times, the solar cult of fire, and, by extension, of the hearth and of the home. These things, considered sacred, were revered with religious sentiment. The discovery of several ritual pits in the rural sites in Northern Dobrudja, with disconnected skeletons, mutilated cadavers deposited directly on the ground, showed another aspect of the ancient magic-religious practices maintained until the Late Roman Empire. In 1984, in the crafts centre on Valea Morilor, dated to the 4th century AD, an artefact of exceptional importance and value was found in the “owner’s home”, fallen next to an altar, together with burnt fragments from handmade pots – jars. The object, made of clay, is the representation of the head, neck and upper torso of an anthropomorphic idol. The technique – manual modelling of coarse clay and plastic execution of the figurine – is from the old Getae-Dacian tradition. The incomplete firing and

Pipe ceramice descoperite la Mangalia

Author(s): Laurenţiu Radu,Corina Radu-Iorgus,Mihai Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2013

In this article we present 22 pipes and fragments of pipes discovered along many years of systematic or preventive excavations in Mangalia. These are Turkish pipes that were widely spread in the Balkans in 18th-19th century. Some of the clay pipes bear monogram stamps and less visible marks suggesting that reproductions from less famous centres in the Ottoman Empire circulated in the area.

Andrzej Nadolski und Grunwald. Erinnerungen

Author(s): Sven Ekdahl / Language(s): German Issue: 59/2013

The theme of the publication refers to the author’s memories associated with Professor Andrzej Nadolski for his investigation into the Battle of Tannenberg (Grunwald, 1410). With reference to his personal memories and surviving correspondence, the author wishes to give a picture of the inspiring relationship with the famous arms specialist, archaeologist and historian. This began towards the end of the 1970’s and lasted until the death of Nadolski in 1993. The connecting element of this friendly and scientific relationship was the problematic nature of the Battle of Tannenberg from which a strong fascination emerged resulting in the publication of several books and essays by Nadolski and the author.

Andrzej Nadolski i badania pól bitewnych

Author(s): Piotr Strzyż / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2013

Professor Andrzej Nadolski zeichnete sich durch ein breites wissenschaftliches Interesse aus, das u.a. auch die Geschichte des polnischen Militärwesens und den Verlauf von Schlachten und Kriegen umfasste. Die ersten archäologischen Untersuchungen eines Schlachtfeldes wurden in den 70er Jahren des 20. Jhs bei Raszyn durchgeführt. Dort hatten sich am 19. April 1809 die Armeen des Herzogtums Warschau und Österreichs geschlagen. Leider wurden bei den Ausgrabungen nur Soldatengräber aus dem Ersten Weltkrieg entdeckt. In den 70er Jahren des 20. Jhs führte das Team von Prof. A. Nadolski weitere Feldstudien im Umfeld der Schlachten bei Lubiszewo (1577) und Rokitki in Pommern (1627) durch. In den Forschungsjahren 1976, 1977 und 1979 wurde in Lubiszewo u. a. eine Bestattung von neun Männern entdeckt, die Spuren von Verletzungen an den Knochen trugen. Diese Pionierleistung von A. Nadolski und seinen Mitarbeitern erlaubte es, die Methodik zur Forschung über Schlachtfelder zu entwickeln, mit deren Hilfe sie in den 80er Jahren des 20. Jhs das Schlachtfeld bei Grunwald/Tannenberg erforschten.

Pozazawodowe zainteresowania i pasje Andrzeja Nadolskiego

Author(s): Jerzy Nadolski ,Anna Nadolska-Styczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2013

Biography and scientific achievements of Professor Andrzej Nadolski, archaeologist, expert on historical weapons and medievalist are well known. However, few people know that both his professional and non-professional interests have already been formed before the World War II when he was just a young boy. He grew up in a family of noble descent and insurrectionary traditions. One of the most important person for Andrzej Nadolski was his father, the military doctor in the rank of colonel who was a true role model due to his patriotic believes, deep knowledge and love of nature. Since he was young, Andrzej Nadolski knew how to use firearms. He travelled on horseback and practiced fencing. He knew the base of military tactics as well. Moreover, he was interested in history and nature. Until his death, the great passion of professor Andrzej Nadolski was entomology, to which he very often devoted his free time. He could also play the piano, he wrote a small forms of poetry and drew funny and satirical drawings. Many of his works have survived in the home archive. He had a very broad and diverse knowledge. As a university lecturer, he was an excellent promoter and populariser of science. He was a classic example of a naturalist-humanist – an attitude typical of researchers in the first half of the twentieth century.

Prof. dr hab. Andrzej Nadolski nie tylko bronioznawca

Author(s): Maria Magdalena Blombergowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2013

In the 20th anniversary of death of Professor Andrzej Nadolski Ph.D., students and friends will recall his accomplishments as well as his research and academic achievements. The organizers of this academic session are mostly weapon experts – heirs and successors of work of their late master. Professor A. Nadolski Ph.D. was not just an archaeologist and expert on medieval art of warfare, strategy and tactics, but he was also interested in the defense construction and material culture of the Middle Ages. Moreover, it should be remembered that he was a broad-minded researcher and scholar. Apart from the historical interests he had also a great knowledge of biology. He knew a rich world of winged beings, he had passionately documented existing species of butterflies and he would never turn a blind eye on any plant. He was also interested and engaged in social issues. He was actively involved in works of numerous boards, committees and scientific societies. He took part in sessions, debates and conferences both in Poland and abroad. He participated in international congresses and cooperated with filmmakers as an expert-consultant in the production of historical films. He was highly valued as an educator – a lecturer at several Polish universities. He was an eager supporter of popularization of historical science through the dissemination of knowledge about regional, national and common tradition. He believed that being aware of your own history is a responsibility of a cultured person and such knowledge has the effect on reinforcing of social bonds. As a member and a chairman of the Common Knowledge Society (Towarzystwo Wiedzy Powszechnej), he put in practice the implementation of science popularization ideas. During the World War II, Professor A. Nadolski Ph.D. took active part in actions of Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and defended his Country.

Udział Profesora Andrzeja Nadolskiego w badaniach cmentarzy polskich oficerów na Wschodzie

Author(s): Marian Głosek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2013

The political changes in eastern Europe in 1989, allowed the Polish people to take the issue of Polish officers, who disappeared in the Soviet Union during World War II. Also the father of Professor Andrzej Nadolski, colonel Jerzy Nadolski, went missing and latest news from him came from Starobilsk. The Polish authorities have made efforts to initiate the investigation, including the exhumation in places where it was suspected, that bodies of Polish officers are hidden. The investigation was conducted by Soviet prosecutors, assisted by prosecutors and forensic doctors from Poland. Archaeologist, Professor Andrzej Nadolski was invited to research and exhumation in Starobilsk. His participation and observations were very helpful in organizing the subsequent studies of the cemeteries in Kharkov, Mednoye and Katyn.

Wczesnośredniowieczna broń obuchowa z terenu Polski w dorobku Andrzeja Nadolskiego z perspektywy kolejnych lat badań

Author(s): Piotr N. Kotowicz,Arkadiusz Michalak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2013

Andrzej Nadolski is regarded as one of the most distinguished arms and armor specialist in Europe. Studies over Polish weaponry taken just after World War II provided in 1954 a first in our continent monograph in this subject. Much contribution in this work was done in the field of knowing early medieval blunt weapon – hammer axes, battle axes and maces. Studies of early medieval arms and armor, taken by A. Nadolski, were a huge challenge, also because he included sparse information from the written, iconographic as well ethnological and linguistic sources. The main contribution of this research was however typo-chronological classification of collection of 172 hammer- and battle axes from the territory of Piast state. This system, used by Author in all of his further works, was widely accepted by many Polish archeologists, and is being employed, sometimes uncritically, until today. Due to the fact that the total number of known artefacts increase a lot (Fig. 1), and this classification cannot be developed, it seems that it is not possible to use this typology to all known materials from the territory of Poland. In the consequence of only 5 known artefacts, Author did not propose any classification for maces. From that time, known number of this kind of objects increased almost 10 times (Fig. 2), but most of them are chance finds, without any proper archeological context. Besides typo-chronological aspects, Author discussed also many other problems concerning this kind of weapon, including the presence of small holes in the axe and hammer-axe heads, their decoration, length of the shafts, distribution of particular forms. Nadolski demystify also claims of German researchers, who treated many forms of axes as so-called „Viking”, but having in fact their roots in the territory of Central Europe, and could have been produced by local blacksmiths, what was proven by metallographic examinations. Last years caused increase of interest also in the field of mace manufacturing, especially in technological context. This survey showed enormous meaning of Nadolski’s monograph for Polish arms and armour studies, and some ideas were developed also in further papers – eg. in the article concerned of symbolic destination of clubs. However, state of research caused that many aspects of blunt weapon was, for scholar from Łódź, unavailable. In case of all categories of blunt weapon a major step forward was made recently, thanks to the increase of number of known artefacts, as well as development of research in the neighboring countries. During the archaeological excavations conducted in the last 60-years, large collections of this kind of weapon were obtained, sometimes, like in the case of water finds, preserved in whole. This fact encouraged scholars for detailed specialist analysis.

O meandrach polskiego bronioznawstwa słów kilka

Author(s): Leszek Kajzer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2013

This paper deals with the past, the present and the future of Polish studies of arms and armour. As one of students of Professor Andrzej Nadolski, I perfectly remember the birth of the research centre in Łódź in the 1960s. It specialised in studies of weaponry, armament and military costume and in this field it was the most interesting research centre in Poland at that time. In those days, our research mainly focused on the Middle Ages. At the same time, in our activities we referred to the term of “arms and uniforms,” which was used by historians of army and military affairs in the interwar period. Present-day Polish studies of arms and armour, done by historians, archaeologists and art historians, are a significant element of the totality of processes of learning about the peculiarity of our history. Studies of arms and armour are now carried out not only in main academic centres, but also in several museums and in local environments. This field of research requires considerable knowledge and firm specialisation; on the other hand, sometimes it goes into areas with poor cognitive perspectives. In this paper I discuss two such cases. In the first one, the failure resulted from a simple lack of knowledge and historical reflection. In the other one, the fiasco of research results was determined by a preponderance of an idée fixe over calm reflection and over a need for source criticism with its necessary skills. Today, the group of researchers who define themselves as students of arms and armour are aware that the origin of this field as academic study is related to Professor Andrzej Nadolski, who died twenty years ago. The knowledge of this, however, must be continuously maintained.

Profesora Andrzeja Nadolskiego zainteresowania kulturą rycerską – badania i popularyzacja wiedzy

Author(s): Olgierd Ławrynowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2013

The knightly culture is an issue of the margin of science and, as such, becomes the object of research of medieval study, including archaeology and weapon study. Among these was undoubtedly the forerunner of Andrzej Nadolski. His research into knightly culture and popularization of knowledge about it was the result of attempts to interpret the material side of life of medieval knights, especially weaponry. Interests in knightly culture of the scholar became the result of a particular stage of development of Polish arts and research challenges facing Polish archeology erected from the forties to the nineties of the Twentieth century. In the initial period based on a top-down program of study of material culture of early medieval Polish state, Nadolski placed particular emphasis on the study of early medieval weapons. In his study of the early arms and armour from the Polish lands were, however, discussed the cultural role of the sword and the spear. Within a few decades of his professional activity Andrzej Nadolski has repeatedly argued that he was knowledgeable about the history and transformation of medieval chivalry, which were not in the center of his research interests. These interests were often the carcass of his analysis of clothing and armor shows on the images of kings and knights battle performances, and virtually all studies and the discussions weapons, archaeological sites (mote castles, battlefields) and medieval art of war, which came from his pen. Nadolski’s erudition in the field of knowledge of the culture of chivalry was most apparent in his popularization work. By moving into the issues such as the ethos of chivalry and its Christian inspiration, knightly rituals, martial arts of war and tournaments, heraldry and hunting. His work has become a precious tip for further indepth study as part of a modern, interdisciplinary paradigm practicing of historical archeology and weapon studies.

Andrzej Nadolski et les débuts de l’archéologie médiévale en France. Notes et souvenirs

Author(s): Jean-Michel Poisson / Language(s): French Issue: 59/2013

Comme on le sait, les débuts de l’archéologie médiévale en Europe, après les prémisses du XIXe siècle, datent des premières années du siècle suivant où ils se manifestent par l’ouverture de plusieurs chantiers de fouilles importants. Les recherches archéologiques commencent alors à concerner, non plus seulement des sites préhistoriques et antiques, mais également des établissements médiévaux, qu’ils soient religieux, funéraires ou castraux. En France, c’est après la seconde Guerre mondiale que la réflexion théorique et la méthodologie de terrain deviennent progressivement la préoccupation des chercheurs, et l’on voit se dessiner une sorte de clivage entre « anciens » et « modernes ».

Kilka wyjątków od reguły, czyli o „nieśredniowiecznych” początkach Andrzeja Nadolskiego

Author(s): Kalina Skóra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2013

Die zwei wissenschaftlichen Hauptinteressensschwerpunkte Andrzej Nadolskis waren, ohne jeden Zweifel, Archäologie des Mittelalters und des Militärwesens, und zwar in allen Aspekten: von Waffenkunde über Schlachtfelduntersuchungen bis hin zu Organisierungsfragen der militärischen Strukturen. Bevor sich aber diese Interessen kristallisierten, hatte A. Nadolski sein archäologisches Abenteuer mit älteren Epochen begonnen. Gemeint ist hier vor Allem die vorrömische und römische Kaiserzeit. Es scheint, als sei diese frühe archäologische Aktivität durch Konrad Jażdżewski inspiriert gewesen. Dieser Artikel bespricht also alle wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeitsbereiche Andrzej Nadolskis, die mit Vorgeschichte verbunden sind: Ausgrabungen, Publikationen und Didaktik.

O LITURGIJSKOM RUHU U FUNDUSU GRADSKOG MUZEJA VARAŽDIN

Author(s): Ariana Mesek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 23/2012

In questo saggio l’autrice ci presenta l’evoluzione della forma e del colore dei paramenti liturgici nel corso dei secoli soffermandosi sul simbolismo dei colori liturgici e, raccontando dell’utilizzo di stoffe e tessuti serici nella liturgia, ci intrattiene anche sulle principali cause del loro degrado. Il fiorire dell’industria tessile europea ha permesso un interesse e una diffusione allargata della produzione tessile e dei numerosi motivi decorativi e simbolici. In modo comprensibile l’autrice ci descrive dettagliatamente la tipologia dei temi rappresentati nei tessuti serici, con i quali sono realizzati i paramenti liturgici conservati nei depositi del Museo Civico di Varaždin, confrontandoli con il patrimonio tessile presente nelle collezioni rilevanti in Croazia e all’estero.

Senākās dzintara apstrādes darbnīcas Latvijā

Author(s): Elita Grosmane / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 10/2008

The review examines the book "Lubāna ezera mitrāja neolīta dzintars un tā apstrādes darbnīcas" by archaeologist Ilze Loze (Riga, 2008), dealing with the most ancient amber workshops on the territory of Latvia. They had produced zoomorphic figurines, jewelry and pendants, testifying, contra Tacitus, to the popularity of amber long before the advent of Roman taste for luxury.

NECROPOLA BIRITUALĂ PREFEUDALĂ DE LA GHIRBOM (GRUIUL FIERULUI) JUDEŢUL ALBA

Author(s): Gheorghe Anghel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: -/1997

RAPORT PRELIMINAR PRIVIND CERCETARILE ARHEOLOGICE DE SALVARE DIN DEALUL FURCILOR - ALBA IULIA. Campania 1995. (1)

Author(s): Radu Ciobanu,Nicolae Rodean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: -/1997

UN COMPLEX RITUAL DE LA TURDAŞ-LUNCĂ (JUD. HUNEDOARA

Author(s): Sabin Adrian Luca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: -/1997