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За някои особености на подчинените обстоятелствени изречения в „Буквар с различни поучения“ на Петър Берон

Author(s): Aleksandra Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main topic of this paper are the features of the dependent adverbial clauses in the „Primer with Various Instructions” („Fish Primer”) by Petar Beron. The paper studies syntactic models and structures, types of the dependent clauses, their position in the complex sentences and the subordinating conjunctions. The observations are based on the excerpt of syntactic material taken from the „Fish Primer” by Petar Beron.

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Pozicija glagola i njihovih dopuna i/ili dodataka u poetskoj sintaksi Kamenog spavača Maka Dizdara

Author(s): Jasmin Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

This paper analyzes sentential word order as a poetic characteristic of Mak Dizdar’s Stone Sleeper. The focus is on the examination of certain peculiarities in verb positions and their complements and/or adjuncts. The goal is to display the syntax of Stone Sleeper and to what extent it resembles the syntax of Old Bosnian, Old Slavic and Old Church Slavonic texts as they are an intertextual and metatextual frame of Mak’s poetry. The assumption is that the position of syntactic elements can be determined by both the specific demands of poetic syntax and the syntactic patterns adopted from the corpus of Old Slavic (Bosnian) texts.

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Spacijalni akuzativ u Šantićevim pripovetkama

Author(s): Nataša Kurtuma / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Given that inadequate use of cases/prepositions leads to a change in the meaning of the entire phrase, the task of the research at hand is to determine the use of accusative which functions as spatial determiner. The research is based on a corpus which comprises selected short stories by Aleksa Šantić, given that his works have been shown to be suitable for this kind of research. The aim of the paper is to define the prepositions in question using the morphosyntactic and the semantic methods, as well as to determine the frequency of prepositions used to define accusative as a spatial determiner.

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PHRASEOLOGICAL EXPRESSIONS OF BODY PARTS IN FRENCH AND ALBANIAN

Author(s): Pavllo Cicko,Vasilika Pojani,Robert Stratoberdha / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It is natural that the names of body parts are among the most frequent lexicon used in our everyday life. Most of the phraseological expressions in which one of its elements stands for the name of body parts, belong to our everyday speech, concerning the semantic source. Such names are very productive in creating phraseological expressions. But, which is the status and role of these elements? Do they create a single semantic field as they are used in their literal meaning ? The names of body parts receive different metaphorical meanings in phraseoplogical expressions. Their quantity, quality, types and the symbolic roles depend on the recognition of a certain culture. Thus, their different functions may change according to the language they belong to. In this study we noticed that the expressions containg the words head and heart as the comprising element were frequently encountered and bore different metaphorical values in both languages, Albanian and French.

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ПОСЕСИВНА И НЕПОСЕСИВНА ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ НА НЕЕДНОЗНАЧНИ ИЗРЕЧЕНИЯ

Author(s): Galina Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

A specific phenomenon of Bulgarian language is the homonymy between argument dative clitics and possessive clitics. This paper presents an analysis of ambiguous sentences with a dative clitic in verb-adjacent position. Usually, it is the clausal Dative position but the possibility of having a possessive interpretation proves that here possessive pronouns can appear after their movement outside the DP (the so-called “possessor raising”). Two distinct constructions expressing possession are recognized – with possessive clitic in a DP-external position and with an argument dative clitic as external possessor.

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SCHREIBEN IN DER HYPOTAXE – SPRECHEN IN DER PARATAXE?

Author(s): Amela Ćurković / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

This article examines the extent to which the hypothesis of Peter Auer , which is emphasized in the title, is true: "Writing in the hypotaxis - Speaking in the parataxis?".

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DIREKTNI OBJEKAT U BOSANSKIM POVELJAMA I KRAJIŠNIČKIM PISMIMA

Author(s): Zenaida Karavdić-Meco / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

A typical case of direct object is non-prepositional accusative, which can alternate with non-prepositional genitive with negative verbs. The task of this paper is to examine all forms of alternation of non-prepositional accusative with other (prepositional) cases in documents of Bosnian language from medieval and Ottoman period, written in Bosnian Cyrilic and "Bosančica".

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Sobre las causas de la desaparición del futuro de subjuntivo y de la ‘decadencia’ del futuro de indicativo en el español contemporáneo

Author(s): Witold Sobczak / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to indicate some similarities and differences between the reasons for the disappearance of the future subjunctive and the ‘decline’ of the future indicative in contemporary Spanish. By analysing the characteristics of the subjunctive and the indicative moods, the author will focus on the (im)possibility of replacing those two tenses by other verbal forms. Furthermore, a diachronic-synchronic approach will be applied to discuss the likelihood of a functional reduction of the future indicative. It seems possible that its usage will become restricted to a modal function whose role, in contrast to the future subjunctive, is transparent and cannot be substituted by another form. Therefore, the future indicative may follow in the footsteps of the compound future tense being rarely employed to denote posteriority.

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Синкретизм в сложноподчиненных предложениях разных видов как одно из явлений современного синтаксиса

Author(s): Elena Sirota / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The problem of the definition of the term “syncretism”is considered, its differential features are identified, the causes of its occurrence are established. This phenomenon is studied on the syntactic tier of the language at the level of complex sentences; possible types of combining meanings within the subordinate clauses are defined as belonging to one structural-semantic type, the conclusion of the frequency of syncretic formations in contemporary artistic discourses, which is due to the effect of a common linguistic tendency towards the realization of a non-differentiated connection is made.

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Soukromý dopis: mezi psaným textem a mluveným dialogem

Author(s): Jana Hoffmannová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This paper begins by discussing the stylistic characteristics of correspondence and emphasizes the concept of correspondence as dialogue (constructed from turns in the form of letters) as well as the inner dialogical character of each individual letter. It points to the increasingly informal nature of letters at presentand to the permeation of spoken Czech into letter-writing. The second part of the paper views the letters of well-known individuals, in this case the love letters of the Czech authors Jan Neruda and Karel Čapek, from a pragmatic perspective. Using pragmatic parameters, the politeness/impoliteness and so-called temperature of the letters are observed. The third part is devoted to a stylistic analysis of contemporary letters, specifically of the typical correspondence of young people (from the Corpus of Private Correspondence, a part of the Czech National Corpus).

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Introduction: Corpus language input, corpus processes in learning, learner corpus product

Author(s): Alex Boulton,James Thomas / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Corpus linguistics is essentially concerned with describing language for linguistic research purposes, but language corpora (along with the associated tools and methodologies) have many different affordances and applications. In the fi eld of language teaching, corpus analysis is used to inform the content decisions of what to teach different learner populations in different contexts at different stages of development. This typically includes the application of frequency data in determining the sequence in which linguistic items should be introduced, in identifying key multiword units and a wide range of lexico-semantic patterns, and in predicting areas of potential diffi culty from learner corpora. This essentially indirect approach ( Römer 2011) to corpus data is taken by syllabus designers, materials writers, lexicographers and testers, though the results may be entirely invisible to the end user ( McCarthy 2004). However, teachers can also make use of corpora to answer their own questions about language, to test grammar ‘rules’ against real data, to find examples and help create materials for teaching and testing, among other things. Learner involvement need not be limited to teacher mediated uses, but can involve direct hands-on consultation, either for language learning or as a reference resource.

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Chinese learners’ use of formulaic sequences in spoken interaction

Author(s): Jiajia Xu,Mark Morgan,John McKenny / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As a basis for course and materials design for Chinese tertiary learners’ spoken English, it is necessary to describe these learners’ spoken discourse. This study analyzes the multiword units excessively used by Chinese learners in their spoken English. The College Learners’ Spoken English Corpus ( COLSEC) is analyzed and other first-language ( L1) corpora are used as reference corpora. The idiosyncratic uses of four formulaic sequences, namely in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, I should say, and as we all know, are discussed. Three causes of the learners’ idiosyncratic uses of the formulaic or quasi-formulaic sequences are identified: L1 transfer, communication strategies, and the decontextualized teaching and learning of formulaic sequences.

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El leísmo aparente y verbos con alternancia en su régimen pronominal

Author(s): Klára Hálková / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

This article analyzes different verb groups and constructions that show alternation in their pronominal system. Since the confusion about the use of clitic pronouns is not due to the loss of case distinction, we refer to this phenomenon as apparent leísmo. According to the prof. Fernández-Ordóñez’s division, we study, in a very detailed way, mental state verbs, persuade-type verbs, verbs of sensory perception, verbs that omit their direct object or whose valency has been reinterpreted, verbs with predicative complements and impersonal se followed by an unstressed pronoun. To finish off this article, we include an analysis of the verb animar, using the Corpus of the Royal Spanish Academy as the main tool.

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El se de los verbos inacusativos de movimiento y de cambio de estado. Una aproximación meronímica

Author(s): Carlos Alonso Hidalgo Alfageme / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The provided data suggests that the use of the Spanish se with unaccusative verbs of change of state and with unaccusative verbs of movement is related to the lexical inheritance of the part-whole relationship in the following four ways: (1) the whole inherits the event from any of its parts: verbs with se; (2) the whole does not inherit the event from some of its parts: verbs with no se; (3) the whole inherits the event from a specific part which, paradoxically, does not participate in the event: verbs with se; and (4) the whole inherits the event from a specific part, which participates in the event: verbs with no se.

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El problema de delimitación de los compuestos sintagmáticos nominales en español

Author(s): Petr Stehlík / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The article examines the phrasal compounds in Spanish and their delimitation against phraseological units (collocations and idioms) with identical structure. Our study shows that most criteria established so far don’t allow distinguishing between the fields of word-formation and phraseology. For this reason, we recommend to pay more attention to the functions (denominative or predicative/comparative) of the units in question and their different syntactic combinability.

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Die deutschen Kasus und ihre semantisch-syntaktischen Funktionen

Author(s): Wilhelm Oppenrieder / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

In this paper I propose different usage classes of the grammatical cases in German: a) as meaning-related (typically adverbial) uses vs. b) a-semantic syntactic-constructional uses with two subgroups b1) constructional uses with a governing element and b2) without such an element. Concerning the a)-cases there are for example nominal phrases with genitive case used as temporal adverbials (eines schönen Tages) or modal adverbials (leichten Sinnes); as for b1) we have genitive marked objects (des Diebstahls beschuldigen), or genitive case governed by prepositions (wegen des Umzugs); members of the class b2) are attributively used nominal phrases, which have genitive case irrespective of the head noun or the semantical relation between head noun and attributive nominal phrase (Begrenzung der Kosten, Stein der Weisen). For all grammatical cases the possible uses in these three groups will be studied.

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Die diskursive Rolle von Nominalisierungen in der deutschen Politikersprache

Author(s): Sandra Lukšić / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

In this exploratory-qualitative study a tendency towards nominalizations is investigated, which is a phenomenon increasingly present in the contemporary political discourse, i.e. in political debates of the German Parliament. This linguistic phenomenon is looked into within the framework of Political Discourse Analysis (PDA), a subbranch of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), as a means of compressing sentence structure from the pragmatic-semantic aspect. The article has three aims: to identify the tendency towards nominalizations in German parliamentary debates during the 19 election period, to interpret nominal expressions in the sense of underlying political concepts and to point out to possible pragmatic implications of their usage. In analyzing this linguistic phenomenon we start from three previously known assumptions within Discourse Analysis: (1) discourse makes use of preconstructed knowledge, which can formally be demonstrated by the use of nominalizations, (2) by converting expressions into nominalizations the potential agent gets lost and (3) the absence of an external source leads to depersonalization and unintelligibility. The analysis is conducted on the corpus of 21 speeches and their plenary proceedings of German MPs, which were held in German Parliament at parliamentary meetings on three different topics. Nominal expressions are extracted, listed according to their derivation base and classified depending on what they denote. A qualitative data analysis is employed to show that the MPs use nominalizations as a strategy for the abstraction of their political speeches. The aim of this strategy is to distance oneself from an already existing formulation and to strenghten one’s own and weaken the opponents’ linguistic resources.

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Freie Relativsätze im deutsch-kroatischen Sprachvergleich

Author(s): Senka Marinčić / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with fused or free relative clauses, i.e. the relative clauses that have no antecedent in the matrix clause, but, nevertheless, have the clause status within the matrix clause: Gib ihm, [was er wünscht]. – Daj mu, [što želi] (Give him [what he wants]). In the matrix clause, [Gib ihm] and [Daj mu] ([Give him]), the direct object of [gib] or [daj] ([give]) is missing. The free relative clause [was er wünscht] or [što želi] ([what he wants]) becomes the direct object of the verb [gib] or [daj] ([give]). The two languages, i.e. German and Croatian, will be contrasted in the following parameters: free relative clause marker, subordinate function of free relative clause, case hierarchy of free relative clauses as well as their positional properties. The study is not corpus based, but rather a contrastive analysis of the respective parameters.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICS RESEARCH ARTICLE INTRODUCTIONS: NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE AUTHORS

Author(s): Dénes Neumayer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper unfolds a research that compares the rhetorical structure of the introduction sections of English language physics articles written by Hungarians and natives speakers of English. The aim of this research was to find out about and to analyse the possible differences in the structures applied by NNSs and those used by NSs. The framework of the study was the CARS model devised by Swales (1990), which has proved its usability in numerous projects since its publication. Our results indicate several important differences between the articles, especially concerning the pattern of the rhetorical move structure and the realization of rhetorical moves.

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A KOMMUNIKATÍV MONDATPERSPEKTÍVA VIZSGÁLATA HÍRSZÖVEGEKBEN

Author(s): Réka Suba / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Since press translation is very different from all other translations, and in the translation of some media genres the translator makes large-scale changes or complete transformations to the information content of the news text, omitting information, inserting others, changing the title, or even changing the perspective, which can sometimes completely reorganize the communicative structure of the target-language-text sentences, the question arises as to how, in the case of translation, the semantic structuring of the original text affects the structuring of the translated text, whether the current structuring patterns are transferable from one language to another, or what justifies the difference, and if so, what effect it has on the content, whether it causes a change in the event structure.Taking the above into account, in the present paper we investigate the current tagging of news texts randomly selected from a corpus collected at the same point in time and the role of topic–topic structure in organizing the text. The common feature of the text samples is that they are summaries and abridged transcriptions of texts translated into Hungarian or news articles.

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