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The article discusses the speech in town of Bansko. It gave some historical information about the speech and very short characteristic of this speech. It’s very interesting because Bansko is on the border of east and west Bulgarian speech. It deals with traditional livestock vocabulary. It also deals with some morphological and syntactical aspect.
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The purpose of this study is to develop psychoanalytic mechanism of the act of separation of the individual and formation of the Doppelganger. The study uses Freud’s concept of splitting of the ego as it is related to the concepts of introjection and projection. Тhe analysis of the story of Edgar Allan Poe „William Wilson” presents a theoretical model of the function and image of the Doppelganger.
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This report compares the presentation of the case system of the Old Bulgarian language in „Altbulgarische Grammatik” by Rudolph Aitzetmüller and „Grammatik der altbulgarischen Sprache” by August Leskien. It focuses on the category of the noun, the way of arrangement of the case system, as well as the lexical and graphical presentation of the studied data. The conclusions drawn from this research help the development of the study of the Old Bulgarian language grammar in the XX century.
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The main objective of this work is to analyze the nonstandard dubitative verb forms extracted from the internet communication. The first part of the paper presents the semantics, the morphological status and the standard dubitative verb paradigm in Bulgarian. The basic notions which are relevant for the nonstandard dubitative forms – variants, linguistic variables, gaps, and deviations are outlined in the second part. The third section analyses seven types of nonstandard dubitative forms. The last section presents two classifications based on two independent criteria: tense and deviation.
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This paper undertakes an attempt to analyse the performative statements of different type as one of the means to represent the semantics of politeness in the situation of request. At that, politeness is considered as a functional and semantic category whose plane of expression is formed linguistic means at different levels.
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This paper introduces a new corpus resource for teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and for carrying out research into advanced student writing across a range of academic disciplines: MICUSP, the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers. It exemplifies how MICUSP can be used as a source of materials in the context of data-driven learning in the EAP classroom. The paper also presents selected results from two MICUSP based studies: an analysis of attended and unattended this and a study of the distribution of common phraseological items across student papers. It is argued that these results are of pedagogical relevance and can contribute to an improvement in EAP teaching.
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The article examines the translation of cultural elements and changes that occur from language to language, from one culture to another. We will study strategies used by authors for translating cultural elements, in the hope of identifying the ideal strategy. In this presentation, we will refer to the cultureme as a unit of cultural information. To illustrate the aspects of cultureme and determine the context and circumstances for choosing an option of translation instead of another, we will examine « La Nuit Sacrée », the novel by Tahar Ben Jelloun, published in 1987, and of the two Arabic translations of this book, done in Egypt in 1988 and in 1993.
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In the everyday world of the 21st century, knowledge explosion and information expansion are taking place: the average person has never been confronted with so much specialized content, and society has never been so strongly influenced by technical innovations and digitalization. Kirsten Adamzik speaks about a "scientification of society or the influence of technical languages on the common language." This paper aims at investigating linguistic expressions that help communicate specialized knowledge to a broad heterogeneous audience. To illustrate this, journalistic texts from ADZ für Rumänien are used, which offer information about the vaccination campaign against coronavirus and present it in an understandable way. The theoretical basis of the work consists of the principles of comprehensible technical communication, and the analysis focuses on morpho-syntactic, lexical and pragmalinguistic level.
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Numerous linguistic researches have confirmed the dependence of the use of language structures on the communication situation and the text types. Individual language structures may have different meanings and communication functions in different text types based on their semantic potential. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the frequency and communication functions of the construction [sich lassen + Infinitive] in the text types report and commentary on the corpus of political reporting texts in selected German daily newspapers.
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This paper investigates the use and syntactic properties of non-finite clauses in different types of written academic discourse. Non-finite clauses are defined narrowly as the forms not inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language, as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender and person. Considering their syntactic and semantic distribution, non-finite clauses serve as markers of formal language variety. The present study tries to look at the formal realization and communicative use of non-finite forms in language.
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This paper aims at analyzing The Interior Castle of St. Teresa of Ávila using a stylistic approach. The Interior Castle was inspired by the author’s vision of the soul as a diamond in the shape of a castle containing seven mansions, which she interpreted as the journey of faith through seven stages, ending with union with God. The stylistic analysis of the chosen text combines intuition and detailed linguistic analysis of the text. The form and style of the text are an integral part of the work’s meaning and value. In our analysis of The Interior Castle, lexical and syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices are discussed in order to explore the figurative meanings of the language employed.
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The aim of this paper is to present some fi ndings resulting from the analysis of a small learner corpus of spoken English. Major attention is paid to the frequency of non-fi nite verb forms in their varied syntactic functions. The results are compared with corpus fi ndings presented in Biber et al. (1999 ) and also assessed according to contrastive interlanguage analysis (CIA), (Granger, 2009), which can help us estimate the possible infl uence of the learners´ native language (L1), Czech. The CIA analysis is based on the typological differences between the students’ L1 and L2 (Mathesius, 1975, Knittlová et al, 2010, Dušková et al, 1988, to name a few). The third aim is to suggest possible innovations in advanced language teaching/learning of the English language. By reducing the L1 transfer, the students´ performance could become closer to English native speakers´ norms.
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The paper proposes to present the design of a new course, the aim of which is concerned with the functional syntax and vocabulary in the English-Czech comparative approach. It offers students a functional comparison of the two languages in which they will be able to apply the knowledge acquired in the bachelor programmes of English studies against the background of their mother tongue, i.e. the Czech language. After completing the course the students will be able to functionally distinguish the main features of English and Czech (with the emphasis on syntactic and lexico-semantic plan in both languages) and to use this linguistic expertise practically in the production of written English or in translation. The paper outlines the key syntactic and lexico-semantic areas which were identifi ed as potential causes of interferential problems and which thus compose the core of the course syllabus.
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This lecture deals with the typical deviations found in the oral language of students with Russian background (heritage speakers) in Germany. As an empirical data basis, we use audio files of presentations given by Russian heritage students who live in Germany for a long time. The abovementioned deviations in oral Russian and their analysis concern the following linguistic disciplines such as orthoepy, phonetics, morphology and syntax. In addition, the lecture presents the analysis of the deviations that were created under the influence of the Russian-German language contact.
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Phrases and their syntactic meanings in Old Russian were very different from contemporary language. In the course of the historical development there were shifts of meaning of some cases. These changes were caused the attempt of the language to express certain relations in a more accurate way. Expressing of certain meanings by simple, non-prepositional cases was gradually reduced; simple cases were replaced by prepositional cases. Historical study of genitive form´s use enables us to hypothesise their original semantics.
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Smysloporozhdayuschy process is associated with the speech nomination, implemented in the language and poetic imagery (metaphor, epithet, allegory, symbol, etc.) live communication, journalistic text, artistic literature. Actualization of meanings and their interpretation depend on the General speech culture, a specific situation, belonging of the speech personality to the social group, on many facts of the state of society. Given the dependence of lexical and syntactic contexts on grammatical constructions, emotional assessments, it is possible to achieve greater accuracy in the transmission of meanings, despite the different level of perception of the listener. The article deals with the questions of nomination and interpretation in the diachronic and synchronic aspects, changes in the semantics of the word from "live impressions" generating to "General meanings", forming speech well-established formulas, clichés, stamps. Comparative-historical method, comparative method, analysis of the functions reflected by the lexical composition and the nature of syntactic relations, allows to reveal the semasiology of words, phraseology, figurative expression, to explain the causes of semantic changes, actualization of forgotten meanings and the emergence of new meanings. The study is based on the material of the classics of Russian literature M. Tsvetaeva, A. Tvardovskiy, M. Prishvin, and other authors.
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The paper presents the results of a new study on the syntactic structures of simple two-component sentences in the works of Yordan Yovkov, Emilian Stanev and Yordan Radichkov. Statistical prognostic methods support the syntactic analysis and enrich it with quantitative data on the makeup of the simple sentence. The observed quantitative characteristics are the scope and depth of the sentence structure, as well as the forms of connection – subordination or coordination. Statistical and syntactic inferences are made that support the study of authors’ individual grammar in an innovative way.
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My contribution, rooted in functional and systemic grammar, is based on the assumption that though discourse as a social behaviour and verbal interaction has been studied by great minds for decades, the dynamism of human evolution and the consequent changes in communicative strategies can hardly leave discourse analysts immune to a whole spectrum of new challenges. These are evoked by changes in the scope of items considered to be relevant for present-day research, by blurring the traditional borderlines between categories (written manifestation of spoken discourse in chatting), but before all by the existence of language corpora offering the immensity of data across genres, language varieties and language interfaces. A brief introduction (Part 1) will be followed by three main parts, focusing on reasons for multifacetedness in discourse (Part 2), whimsical nature of discourse (Part 3), and handson experience with overt language manifestations of vagueness, as exemplified by English placeholders (Mrs Thingy, John Whatsisname, whatchamacallit, so-and-so) emergent from the BNC and COCA corpora (Part 4). The aim is twofold: to map the facets which contribute to patterning and variation in discourse shaping, and by using authentic language data amplify the role of peripheral language devices in interaction.
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The present study explores central modals CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, and the semi-auxiliary verb BE ABLE TO in tourism discourse with a focus on register variation. A small-scale analysis conducted on the tailor-made corpus (c. 131,000 words) of three text types/registers (promotional texts, e-newsletters, and managerial responses to guests’ reviews) revealed an important variation across registers in the distribution of possibility modals, the degree to which their polysemantic nature is displayed and in their capacity to serve specific metadiscoursal functions. The findings clearly indicate that the causes of the observed variation lie in the influence stemming from the differing situational characteristics, especially communicative purposes, interactiveness, topic domains, and personal involvement.
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Hlavním cílem výuky mateřského jazyka je rozvoj komunikační kompetence žáka. Vzhledem k neodlučitelnému vztahu jazyka (řeči) a myšlení, ukotvenému v poznání kognitivních věd i v poznání o ontogenezi řeči dítěte, má výuka mateřštiny značný význam také v oblasti rozvoje kognitivních schopností jedince. Z faktu, že interakce myšlení a řeči je základní ontogenetickou zákonitostí, vychází i didaktika mateřského jazyka, když pro výuku mateřštiny akcentuje a rozvíjí kognitivně-komunikační paradigma (Liptáková et al., 2011; Liptáková, 2012; Štěpáník, 2018/2019, 2020b; Štěpáník et al., 2020). Klade si tak za úkol cíle komunikační a kognitivní propojit, aby byly ve výuce češtiny oba rozměry komunikační kompetence rozvíjeny ve vzájemné symbióze.
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