CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

SRCE U FRANCUSKOJ I SRPSKOJ FRAZEOLOGIJI

Author(s): Dragana Drobnjak,Snežana Gudurić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

This paper deals with French and Serbian phrasemes with the components Fr. coeur/Serb. Srce(heart). All the phrasemes were classified into five conceptual fields according to their underlying imagery and analyzed using semantic and contrastive analysis. In both languages, numerous examples emphasize a person’s positive character traits (goodness, nobility, purity of soul, tenderness, sincerity, spontaneity, naivety, joy, fearlessness) as well as negative traits (insensitivity, malice, shyness, cruelty,inconsistency). A large number of phrasemes express a sad person’s psychological states: primarily sadness, pain and despair, as well as fear, rage, unhappiness, and distress. The conclusion drawn from the analyses is that, the French lexeme coeuris moreproductive than the Serbian srcein phraseological expression.

More...

PRIDEVI SA ZNAČENJEM OPTATIVNE MODALNOSTI

Author(s): Nataša Kiš / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

In this paper we analyze adjectives expressing optative mood in contemporary Serbian. Theseadjectives involve elements of desideration. They express the subject's desire or intention to perform some act. The main aims of this paper are to describe the modal situation in which these adjectives act as lexical signals of optative mood as well as to describe somecharacteristics of their lexical meaning. The analysis shows a high level of grammaticalization concerning this type of mood. Adjectives expressing optative mood are used in precisely defined syntactical structures. They occur within the sentence predicate and have obligatory complements, which represent the proposition or dictum of the modal situation. The analysis of the semantic structure shows that the main semantic elements are desire, will and intention to perform some action. The analysis based on the theory of prototypes shows that prototypical adjectives expressing optative mood are eager, willing and determined.

More...

Neologisme romanice reperabile în lexicul „recent” al limbii Române

Author(s): Angelica Hobjila / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2016

La langue, la société et l’attitude individuelle face aux changements (sociaux, politiques, culturels, économiques, techniques, religieux etc.) du monde interagissent d’une manière particulière au niveau de chaque communauté linguistique, mais, en même temps, sous le signe de l’appartenance à une communauté plus grande – voir, par exemple, le cas de la Roumaine et de l’Europe, du roumain 171 et des langues considérées «de circulation» etc. Dans le contexte de la globalisation – comme phénomène «à la mode», présent aux plusieurs niveaux de la société et de la vie, en général –, le lexique «récent» de la langue roumaine actuelle se caractérise par une série de mutations d’un système linguistique (le plus fréquemment, l’anglais) à l’autre (ici, le roumain) et d’adaptations sémantiques à l’intérieur du système soumis aux influences culturelles, économiques, techniques, politiques etc. de la période contemporaine. D’autre part, au cas particulier du roumain, l’européisation linguistique apporte au phénomène de la globalisation l’apanage des influences d’autres langues romanes ; on distingue, ainsi, au niveau lexical-sémantique de la langue roumaine, une série de marques subordonnées à d’autres systèmes linguistiques, tout comme le français, l’espagnol etc. D’où l’intérêt, dans cette étude, pour l’identification de ces marques dans deux dictionnaires qu’on considère représentatifs de ce point de vue: „Le Dictionnaire de mots et de sens récents dans le roumain” (Elena Dănilă et Andrei Dănilă, 2011) et „Le Dictionnaire orthographique, orthoépique et morphologique de la langue roumaine” (DOOM, 2005).

More...

Aspecte ale înregistrării lexicografice a anglicismelor în dicționarele limbii Române

Author(s): Vlad Preda / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2016

We have described and commented on several aspects of the adaptation process of recent borrowings, especially Anglicisms, to the system of the Romanian language. We have presented our point of view concerning the way they have been registered in DOOM2 , while referring to the inconsistencies and the lack of systematization of the spelling, pronunciation and morphological.

More...

Enantiosemia la componentele unităţilor polilexicale stabile

Author(s): Angela Savin-Zgardan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2016

In the present article, the research was carried as for the change of meanings in stable polilexical units because of the influence of enantiosemia, which is manifested in different ways. The polarized meanings can appear in the words whose contrary meanings seem to be relics of semantics of old roots, the words that refer to objects with specific dimensions; the lexemes that express the quality in the highest degree of manifestation, the words that express superstitions; the lexical units that are influenced by the context, the words that designate parts of the human body; as a result of the use of the words that refer to the exchange of material values; in cases when speakers appreciate subjectively different objects; in the context that gives rise to an irony or an allusion.

More...

ПРИКАЗ НА НЕКОЛКУ СЛОЖЕНИ ЛИЧНИ ИМИЊА

Author(s): Ljubica Stankovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1/2017

The article’s author analyses the compound personal names: Berobran, Bregost, Dragoezd, Godoles, Ljudovid, Novosil, Pochest, Pretimir, Prvoslav, Velimazh, Verislav and Zhelovar, all of which have been confirmed in the onomastic fund pertaining to the Macedonian language areal. The analyzed personal names belong to the oldest anthroponimical layer of the Slavic languages and their analysis represents an extremely important contribution to the reconstruction of the Proto-Slavic antroponymy.

More...

Wyobrażenie miasta i mieszczaństwa w języku Sienkiewiczowskiej Trylogii

Author(s): Iwona Pałucka-Czerniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50/2016

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the image of the role of the city and bourgeoisie in the seventeenth century, settled in the Trilogy of Henryk Sienkiewicz. The lexemes naming the city appear in the definitions of the various terms of space, they serve its scratching. The reader, however, must complement a spatial arrangement drawn up by the storyteller. Imaging the city is followed by the exploitation of key words, which name the elements of the architecture of the city. The lexemes specifying the residents of the city, their activities and competitions appear sporadically. Quite often H. Sienkiewicz exploits anthropomorphisation efforts and metonymy, applied to the conceptual category of the city, which allows to talk about the features and social functions of the middle class. The lexicon associated with the city shows that, seen from the perspective of a noble, is a symbol of a self-sufficient residence that fills many needs of a noble: it provides money, soldiers, goods, serves as a refuge in times of war or bad weather, can resist the invaders. A noble point of view of the narrator is also expressed in attention to a defensive function of the city and the brave or cowardly attitudes of townspeople. A full overview of the lexical resource serving the definition of the city and the bourgeoisie reveals, in addition to standard and repetitive efforts also non-standard ones, breaking stereotypes, heterogeneous and difficult to classify. It is manifested in the exis by a large group of colocations, which occur at a time. Language creation of the middle class is on the one hand firmly schematic, and surprisingly unique on the other hand.

More...

Czy można stworzyć jedną semantykę dla różnych płaszczyzn języka?

Author(s): Jacek Florczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2002

We distinguish different features in lexeme content which correspond to different types of features generated on various language levels. The content of a lexeme in system is limited to its inherent features implied from idealised relations of identity and opposition between words. The content of a lexeme in usage depends on extraindividual linguistic associations which are beyond pure systemic contents. The content in discourse may contain also occasional features which can be totally different from systemic or usage contents. However, this various types of lexeme features specific to different language levels still belong to one lexeme in one language. This circulation of notions: 1 language «-* different levels and I content - various features rises a question: is it possible to make one semantics for one language and for one lexeme content. In the paper we want to present different methods of lexeme features analysis specific to particular language levels and to describe a tentative to obtain one method for the analysis of all types of lexeme features on all language levels. The aim of the paper is to show serious paradoxes due to confusion of different language levels and its typical contents. It is an evidence that it is impossible to obtain a consistent universal semantics giving tools for description and analysis of lexeme contents on all language levels together.

More...

Krótka notka o polisemii słowa, czyli próba uporządkowania możliwych treści w leksemie

Author(s): Jacek Florczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2002

The aim of the paper is to systematise the types оf lexeme contents with respect to the most frequently distinguished levels in a language. The basic features of lexeme content divided on inherent features - due to pure systemic lexeme relations, and afferent features - due to exlrasystemic language levels: in usage - afferent sociolectal features, in discourse - afferent idiolectal features. Next to such division, we propose to distinguish different forms of lexeme contents: senses, acceptions, textual meanings. This typology allows to describe the differences between homonymy and polysemy, or strictly speaking polysememy, beween polysem(em)y and monosem(em)y or between polysemy and meaning variations in discourse. The paper is not a proposal of a new method but only a tentative of systématisation of terminology and a solution of some inconveniences, which is based on one of the typologies of the lexeme features (inherent vs afferent). It allows to obtain a new point of view on old and very often investigated problem of word polysemy.

More...

APRENDIZAJE DE CUESTIONES GRAMATICALES A TRAVÉS DE LA MÚSICA COMO NEXO INTERCULTURAL. PROPUESTA DIDÁCTICA PARA UN CURSO DE VERANO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA (ULPGC)

Author(s): Mª Nayra Rodríguez Rodríguez,Naila Maninidra Sosa Chacón / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2018

The aim of the study is to enhance music as a didactic resource for the correct acquisition of grammatical knowledge of Spanish considered problematic at the time of approaching the study of our language: the use of the subjunctive, the unstressed personal pronouns and the verbs ser and estar. We also try to stimulate interest in research and personal autonomy, as well as encouraging intercultural relations and reinforcing the values of tolerance and camaraderie. It is a didactic proposal for the classroom of Spanish as a foreign language (ELE) aimed at students of level B2 in accordance with the guidelines of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Broadly speaking, an active methodology is proposed, where tasks act as acquisition engines of communicative competence, applying the theory of practical assumptions such as songs. Finally, regarding the research methodology, we will stop at the presentation of the theoretical foundations, as well as the methodological approaches, which we consider fundamental, since they are the foundation of our proposal. Regarding the results of our field study, we have been able to meet the aims set at the beginning, that is: the acquisition of fixed grammatical knowledge and the achievement and encouragement of intercultural relations among students, thanks to the mentioned methodology implemented in the ELE classroom.

More...

Typowe i niekonwencjonalne kontrasty leksykalne w utworach Michaiła Zoszczenki (uwagi wstępne)

Author(s): Jarosław Wierzbiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/1999

Анализу подвергаются различные антонимические образования в структуре текстов Михаила Зощенко. Одни из них выстраиваются по словарным моделям, другие же создаются нестандартным путем, что предопределяет их большую выразительность. Такую функцию выполняют антонимы, несоотносительные в понятийном плане. Их экспрессивность основывается на контаминации словарных значений полисемичных слов. В стандартных оппозициях антонимические семемы отличаются линейностью связей. В статье рассматриваются также построении оксюморонного характера. Небезынтересным способом антонимизации представляется энантиосемия, которая распространяется и на заглавия ряда текстов. Такие приемы порождают ряд смысловых и стилистических сдвигов, что в значительной мере обеспечивает оригинальность зощенковского слога. Антонимические противопоставления часто осложняются у писателя синонимическими отношениями. Подобного типа наслоения разнообразят оппозиции, оттеняя при этом различные компоненты значении.

More...

Image Schemata and Light: a Study in Contrastive Lexical Domains in English and Spanish

Author(s): Pamela Faber,Chantal Pérez / Language(s): English Issue: 36/1997

Artykuł jest analizą hipotezy dowodzącej, że struktura języka może być źródłem inwentarza kategorii konceptualnych. Autorki stosują model funkcjonalno-leksematyczny leksykografii funkcjonalnej do analizy struktury definicyjnej pojęć oznaczających emitowanie światła i ich rozszerzeń metaforycznych w języku angielskim i hiszpańskim. Poprzez taką analizę autorki dochodzą do ustalenia zbioru zasadniczych kryteriów służących do klasyfikacji jednostek leksykalnych do poszczególnych domen poznawczych oraz do zdeterminowania i klasyfikacji związków między nimi zarówno na poziomie mikro-, jak i makrostruktury. Ustalone parametry wydają się być zbieżne ze znanymi w literaturze gramatyki kognitywnej schematami wyobrażeniowymi, co może być traktowane jako kolejny dowód na potwierdzenie tez podejścia kognitywnego do języka.

More...

Język polityki w konspiracyjnym nurcie prasy tajnej okresu powstania styczniowego (na przykładzie leksyki nacechowanej ekspresywnie)

Author(s): Leonarda Mariak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2017

The article presents the stylistic and functional analysis of names of enemies and defenders used in secret journals from the January Uprising. The language treatments of the editors (metaphorisation od meanings, uncharacterized synonyms) were also taken into consideration. Thanks to them they could transfer monothematic contents and perform ideological and canvassing tasks. The examined category of names constitutes a significant language element of those texts, which enables to address the key issues of political language in the conspiracy press, in particular the system of norms and values that it represents and the means for its implementation in specific linguistic behaviours.

More...

Nazwy wykonawców zawodów i rzemieślników w XVIII- -wiecznych inwentarzach dóbr szlacheckich z terenu Wielkopolski

Author(s): Błażej Osowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2017

Nomina agentis excerpted from inventories of noble estates in the Wielkopolska region in the second half of the 18th century have been analyzed. The article presents the results of the analysis of differential entries. The analysis was based on lexicographic data gathered in historical dictionaries, dictionaries of modern Polish, and research papers devoted to analogous material from other regions. The researcher took into consideration the level of the language where differentiation of the given units wasmanifested: phonetic, lexical (genetic criteria included), morphological, semantic. An attempt was made to indicate vocabulary from the Wielkopolska region.

More...

Lexical representation: levels and structures

Author(s): Piotr Stalmaszczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 31/1994

Celem artykułu jest zaproponowanie dwupoziomowych haseł słownikowych w obrąbie semantyki leksykalnej uprawianej w ramach gramatyki generatywnej Chomskiego. Przedmiotem zainteresowania są hasła słownikowe dla czasowników - proponuje się dwa poziomy struktury leksykalnej: strukturę predykatowo-argumentową (PAS), oraz strukturę leksykalno-pojęciową (Lexical Conceptual Structure - LCS). PAS stanowi modelową projekcję składniowych właściwości czasownika, natomiast LÇS określa semantykę czasownika poprzez definicje tzw. rozkład predykatów. Dodatkowym celem artykułu jest zarysowanie modelu semantyki zaproponowanego przez R. Jackendoffa w pracach z lat siedemdziesiątych i osiemdziesiątych.

More...

Several Issues Concerning Verbs of Thinking

Author(s): Małgorzata Studencka-Pufal / Language(s): English Issue: 30/1993

W artykule omówiono kilka problemów związanych z opisem w ramach English- -Polish Dictionary of Verbal Concepts (DoV) pola semantycznego angielskich czasowników oznaczających procesy myślowe. W pierwszej części pracy przedstawiono trudności związane z ustaleniem zakresu i wewnętrznej struktury dyskutowanego pola, a takie z opracowaniem najbardziej oryginalnej i nowatorskiej części hasła powstającego słownika - analizy pojęciowej czasowników, mającej na celu systematyczny i zwarty opis ich własności semantycznych. Druga część pracy zawiera przykładowe hasła słownikowe wraz z krótkim omówieniem problemów, które musiano rozstrzygnąć podczas ich konstruowania. Przedstawione wnioski nie są oczywiście ostateczne i mamy nadzieję, ta dalsza praca przyniesie nowe, lepsze rozwiązania.

More...

Переход имен собственных в нарицательные в коми языке

Author(s): Jevgenij Cypanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The article is devoted to a previously unexplored topic, namely the identification of such Komi common nouns that are based on proper names. It is concluded that the base of such words has been provided either by ethnonyms or personal names,while most of the new nouns belong to the emotive vocabulary with negative connotations, for example, Парпонь (Russian Парфён) > парпонь ’lazybones’. The collected material demonstrates the development and expansion of the lexical set in Komi.

More...

Сфера ўжывання абрэвіятур у сучаснай беларускай мове

Author(s): Ludmiła Siegień / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 4/2012

This paper presents implementation of abbreviations in modern Belarusian and in its languages for specific purposes. The attempt has been made to prepare a dictionary of abbreviations. Although the author has established 71 thematic groups of basic abbreviations, they do not comprise all abbreviations. Consequently, the 72nd thematic group – “other acronyms” has been created. It includes such items as abbreviated names of contemporary people, abbreviations of Soviet times, abbreviations in common use, etc.

More...

Шляхі развіцця лексічных варыянтаў фразеалагізмаў (на матэрыяле беларускай і англійскай моў)

Author(s): Tatiana Bočkar / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 4/2012

The article deals with some ways of developing lexical variants of Belarusian and English phraseological units. It is shown that lexical variation of phraseological units can be the result of the rule of analogy when variable constituents of certain idioms are replaced by others of similar lexical composition. The process of meaning re-motivation, i.e. the renewal of its inner form, can also entail the appearance and development of lexical variation. Besides, extralinguistic factors can cause changes in the lexical system of the language, which in turn brings about the appearance of new lexical variants of phraseological units.

More...

Od leksyki średniowiecznej do odrodzeniowej na podstawie staropolskiej antroponimii

Author(s): Aleksandra Cieślikowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/1990

Altpolnische Personennamen in der Gestalt eines Appellativus, die den Charakter eines Spitznamens haben, und die infolge einer semantisch-stilistischen Derivation entstanden sind, hatten ursprünglich einen semantischen Wert. Die aus diesen Personennamen rekonstruierten Appellativa bereichern unser Wissen nicht nur bezüglich der Quantität, Chronologie, Frequenz dieser Wörter in der altpolnischen Periode, sondern geben auch Aufschluß über die Expressivität (Metaphern und Wortbildungsmittel) der Umgangssprache zu jener Zeit, die nicht schriftlich fixiert wurden. Eine Zusammenstellung von Bedeutungen einiger Wörter aus Słownik staropolski (Allpolnisches Wörterbuch) mit denen aus Słownik XVI wieku (Wörterbuch des XVI. Jh.) läßt eine Zunahme an Metaphern beobachten. Ein Zeugnis über die in der Umgangssprache des Mittelalters gebrauchten Metaphern können altpolnische Anthroponyme abgeben. Die zu verschiedenen semantischen Feldern gehörenden Appellativa wurden zu Anthroponymen infolge einer metaphorischen Kreation: On jest jak lis, więc nazwijmy go Lisem (er ist wie ein Fuchs, also nennen wir ihn Fuchs). Es konnte auch pragmatische Kreation in Frage kommen; ein reales Charakteristikum konnte dem Übergang eines Appellativums zum Eigennamen zugrunde liegen: on jest garbusem I bogaty a więc nazwijmy go Garbus \ Bogaty (er ist ein Buckliger \ reich, also nennen wir ihn Buckel I Reicher). Neben diesen beiden oben erwähnten Kreationen konnten Appellativa auch infolge eines Funktionswechsels zum Eigennamen werden, indem nämlich das Prädikat zum Argument wechselte: On jest cieślą i zaczyna być nazywany Cieślą (er ist Zimmermann, und man nennt ihn Zimmermann). Diese Art Übergang ist besonders wertvoll für unser Wissen über die realen Bedeutungen von Wörtern.

More...