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Rodica Nagy (coordonator), Dicţionar de analiză a discursului, (DAD), Institutul European, Iaşi, 2015, ISBN 978-606-24-0106-1, 452 de pagini.

Author(s): Cătălin Enică / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2016

În peisajul atât de încărcat şi atât de divers al lexicografiei române contemporane, un nou dicţionar nu s-ar fi putut impune decât prin calităţi certe, în primul rând, prin originalitate şi valoare. Ceea ce consistentul volum (de 452 de pagini), apărut prin generoasa strădanie a unui colectiv de lingvişti de la Universitatea “Ştefan cel Mare” din Suceava, demonstrează cu prisosinţă. Pentru lingvistica românească este primul dicţionar de acest gen, care poate fi aşezat alături de importantele lucrări dedicate ştiinţelor limbii şi terminologiei de specialitate.

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Opozycje semantyczne rzeczowników oznaczających osoby we współczesnym języku polskim

Author(s): Jan Mączyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/1981

Polish personal nouns demonstrate not only grammatical features of gender (selective gender) but also the -sex of the designation (natural reference gender). Only masculine and feminine nouns have natural gender. These nouns form oppositions. We distinguish between privative oppositions: dyrektor : dyrektorka, grubas : grubaska, and equipollent oppositions: murzyn î murzynka, blondyn : blondynka, kelner : kelnerka. There are certain correlations between them. In privative oppositions masculine nouns are the non-distinctive elements. They frequently play the role of indexes in both oppositional reference genders. It refers, first of all, to names of jobs, positions, titles end to the use in plural. The use of masculine nouns as the index of both genders (i.e. masculine and feminine) gives such homonims as: dyrektor 1 : dyrektor 2. In such homonym pairs the-lexeme dyrektor 1 is masculine and dyrektor 2 is feminine derived from dyrektor 1.

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A LEXEME-BASED STUDY OF THE AGENTIVE FRENCH SUFFIXES -ANT, - EUR AND –ISTE

Author(s): Samuel T. Owoeye,Olukayode T. Babatunde / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Construction Morphology which is fast becoming an alternative term to Derivational Morphology is known to be rooted in Lexeme-Based Morphology and is noted for its Lexeme Formation Rules that are formulated to account for the construction of existing derivational words which serve as models for the creation of other yet-to-beattested words in human languages. The advent of Lexeme-Based Morphology is as a result of the inability of morpheme-based models to adequately account for some morphologically derived words. Proponents of lexeme-based morphology, hence, believe that it is more appropriate to analyze morphologically formed words when lexemes are seen as the basic units of morphological operation. It is in the light of this hypothesis that we set out in this paper to do a lexeme-based study of the agentive French suffixes –ant, – eur and –iste in order to examine its analytical adequacy. After a careful analysis, the study reveals that the lexeme-based approach to construction morphology seems to be more adequate than the morpheme-based approach.

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O ТEМAТИЦИ ПОСЛОВИЦА

Author(s): Jelena Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-3/2005

The subject matter of the proverbs is dissectable on the basis of the lexical contents and in the first place on the basis of the noun words, but then adjective, as well as verbal ones and the some others. Lexicographic fund and its classification are a good strategy point for creating a picture about thematic fields.

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Etnolingvistická stránka ojkoným a priezvisk

Author(s): Sándor János Tóth / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2018

The paper deals with proprials in the pedagogic process at universities. The main point is the natural migrational, substrate-superstrate system, which makes us understand the history of proprials as a more complex system than a Slovakian-Hungarian bilateral matter of language policy. Local names are presented as examples of loanword adaptation. Demotivation, phonologic and grammatical integration processes are presented from the 10th until the 21st century. We distinguish between the natural and the codificated usage of local name varieties. Personal names were researched by today’s family names in a Slovakian town in Hungary, Szarvas / Sarvaš. These are good examples of demotivation in an interlingual context. The conclusion is the same as with local names: varieties are examples of natural usage; the tendency to unification is a tendency of codification, which is contradictory to the different linguistic image of the world of Hungarians and Slovaks. The differences can be used in a problem orientated teaching of linguistics at universities.

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ROZTERKI PRAKTYKUJĄCEGO SŁOWNIKARZA. ESEJ LEKSYKOGRAFICZNY

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ROZTERKI PRAKTYKUJĄCEGO SŁOWNIKARZA. ESEJ LEKSYKOGRAFICZNY

Author(s): Tadeusz Zgółka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2018

This essay discusses the issues related to basic decisions made by lexicographers concerning methods of creating a list of entries to become the material for a complete compilation of a dictionary. The principles and methods of collecting entries regard in particular the size of the planned dictionary and the sources from which dictionary entries are obtained.

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ЦАРЬ-ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ В ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТАХ

Author(s): Natalia Gonnova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 14/2017

At present, in different styles of the literary language and various spheres of communication, there is an increase in such a layer of vocabulary as the tsar-derivatives. Formed by the «word-word» model, they are the result of a secondary nomination (derivatives of meaning and morphological composition). All the tsar-derivatives are motivated by the lexeme tsar. In complex compound nouns, the tsar acts as an evaluative (feature) component. The author associates the wide dissemination of the tsar-derivatives with their complex seme composition and connotative components “best”, “outstanding among the same”, “main”, “sacred”, “large”, “turned to the old, to the past of Russia”. In this paper, an attempt to present the existence of tsar-derivatives in the sphere of publicism is made. The publicistic style, its functions, information, analytical, artistic and publicistic genres are briefly described. The emphasis is on the most important unit of the publicistic text - the headline. Attention is drawn to the specificity of the expression of the author’s position in the texts containing the tsar-derivatives. It is proved that creolised publicistic texts not only attract the attention of the reader, but also influence them.

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О НОВЫХ И АКТУАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЯХ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Olga Kalnova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 14/2017

A distinctive feature of the processes occurring today in the lexical-semantic system is their dynamism. We often observe how a new word or a new meaning is born, the word is changed or neutralized by its stylistic marking. The condition for the appearance and consolidation of a new or actualized value is the relevance of the notion and the regular frequency in the media. The notion of “actualized word” corresponds to different lexemes that functioned in the language before, but underwent various kinds of changes of semantic, stylistic, comprehensible, evaluative nature. Some words known in the Russian language – дочка, летальный, чистый are frequent in social and political discourse, develop a new compatibility, which leads to the consolidation of a new meaning. This process can be accompanied by changes in the stylistic marking of the word, most often expressed in neutralizing of its colloquial and, more rarely, book coloring.

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Прилог расправи о називу манастира Туман

Author(s): Srećko Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 166/2018

The problem with the origin of the name of Tuman Monastery near Golubac has so far been addressed by several authors who have proposed several different solutions. This paper is an attempt to point out other aspects that should be examined using the available historical and linguistic material, which the previous researchers did not take into account. There were interpretations and etymological explanations proposed earlier, the assumptions about the name of the monastery based on the words from the ancient Greek or Latin and according to the same name of one Armenian monastery etc. Paying due respect to the preserved traditions of the foundation and the name of this monastery, we believe that in the discussion of its name it was necessary to refer to the possible Slavic origin of the name – especially in the light of the numerous existing parallels in the toponyms of the regions inhabited mainly by the Slavic people, as well as its Pre-Indo-European, or perhaps Asiatic, i.e. Mongolian-Tatar background. It is not known when the Tuman monastery got its present name. The first mention of the monastery in the village of Tuman near Golubac dates from the second half of the 16th century. A few Serbian authors claim that in Armenia there was/is a monastery of the same name, according to which the monastery of Tuman near Golubac was named. However, the existence of this monastery is not certain. It remains to be examined whether the toponym of St. Tuman, recorded in the areas of today’s Turkey which had been inhabited by the Armenians until the beginning of the 20th century, has any connection with the name of Tuman monastery near Golubac.

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Posuđenice u modnom nazivlju

Author(s): Zrinka Ćoralić,Mersina Šehić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 11/2014

Having on mind the nature and function of a language, it can be claimed that loanwords are its indispensable part. The mutual effect that languages have is most evident in those spheres of human life that are common to all cultures. Linguistic borrowing is in the focus of contact linguistics, whose primary area of interest are linguistic changes caused by direct or indirect contact between different cultures. Fashion has always connected people in a positive or negative way, revealing a lot about the culture in which something is considered trendy, fancy or stylish. The question whether and to what extent clothes make a man has been discussed for long now, but it is certain that a man is determined by his mother tounge: selection of certain lexemes and omission of other ones speaks volumes about us. Although it is often said that a picture speaks thousand words, we believe that well-connected words create an image about us on a paper. The paper analyses loanwords excerpted from fashion magazines, their adaptation into the target language, as well as semantic fields to which the loanwords belong.

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A „TESTESÜLTSÉG” ALAKZATAI A FOGALMI METAFORÁKBAN1

Author(s): Edit Katona / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2017

In this paper, based on long-term research and scientific theoretical foundations, the author looks into the issues of embodiment in cognitive metaphors. Grounding on her experiences, she engages in the matter of metaphorical competence and presents the forms of metaphorical cognition, its most common manifestations, as well as the web of metaphors and its mapping factors.

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The Lexical Field of Verbs of Eating in English and Serbian: A Contrastive Analysis

Author(s): Jelena Lj. Biljetina / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2017

The aim of the paper is to compare and contrast the lexical field of verbs of eating in English and Serbian. The contrastive analysis will analyze the meaning of the verbs in order to determine the differences and similarities among them. The main method employed is the method of componential analysis. The meaning of the verbs is decomposed into diagnostic components which would further be used to compare and contrast the verbs within one lexical field. The verbs are then be classified into groups and contrasted with the verbs in Serbian. In case diagnostic components of the verbs in English and Serbian match, there is formal correspondence. Cases of translation equivalence occur when components of the English verbs do not fully match those of Serbian verbs. The results obtained are expected to contribute to the more precise translation of verbs of eating from English into Serbian and vice versa. Contrasting the verbs within the lexical fields they belong to and contrasting them between the two languages reveals the relationship(s) among the verbs and provides an insight into the organization of the lexicon of both English and Serbian.

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Контрастивни приступ прилозима за место у савременом грчком и српском језику

Author(s): Panagiotis Asimopoulos / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2017

Within the systematic study of the morpho-semantic relations and especially in accordance with the fundamental parameters of Contrastive Linguistics the main topic of this research is the comparative consideration of adverbs in two unrelated languages, id est in Greek and Serbian. From this point of view in the paper we analyze the Greek adverbs of place and their translation equivalents in Serbian. For the studying of the major similarities and the basic differences in the spatial relations that are recorded by adverbs in these two Balkan languages, we served a corpus of literature that totally consists of 243 examples for 46 particular adverbs. The original text belongs to the famous Greek novel Farewell Anatolia (author Dido Sotiriou) and its published Serbian translation “Земља натопљена крвљу” (translation by Gaga Rosich). After the introductory section that provides relevant theoretical elements related to the adverbials of place in both languages, the central part of the respective study refers to a comprehensive analysis of the selected examples and a statistical processing of their translation equivalents.The access to the comparison is primarily of synchronic character and it is based on the analysis of the excerpted material. As far as the methodological framework concerns the bilateral method of systemic-functional comparisons, it means the method of Contrastive analysis has been applied. In the last part of the paper we present the general conclusions about the clear tendencies relating to the advancement of the teaching process of Greek or Serbian as a foreign language.

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Lexikografické a lingvistické aspekty tvorby slovníkov športovej terminológie

Author(s): Róbert Kandráč / Language(s): Slovak,English Issue: 35/2018

Sports terminology is a specific field of terminology based on the knowledge base of sports sciences. Given the wide spectrum of terms used by experts in the area of sports kinanthropology, sports educology, and sports humanistics, it oftentimes occurs that the Slovak and foreign terms are used incorrectly when denoting a phenomenon studied. This state may be reversed by using high-quality bilingual and monolingual dictionaries related to the area concerned. However, to be user friendly, the dictionaries must meet specific and strict requirements described in this theoretical study.

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Obrazné verzus terminologické v reči učiteľky zameranej na športové aktivity v materskej škole

Author(s): Jana Kičura-Sokolová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 35/2018

The paper deals with the issue of figurative naming in relation to nomenclature/terminology in the teacher´s child-directed speech in the nursery school in a context of physical activities in a preschool education within a case study conducted in a group of 5 to 6 year olds. It focuses on the frequency, distribution and comparison of terminological and figurative names that we can include in the sport macro-social communicative register. It follows the typology of individual terminological and figurative names and their pragmatic function.

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Jazyk mediálneho športu ako bojisko

Author(s): Jozef Mergeš / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 35/2018

The study deals with the character of the language of sport according to its battle character. The sports communication is in this case supplemented by words from military, often in the form of metaphors, metonyms and phrases. The military register in the structure of commentary from football, is primarily used to define the parties involved in the struggle, which are in contrast. The basic words that support the explanation of a sporting event as a fight can be considered those that reflect the goals, layout and player functions. In the case of football commentary seems to appear five basic spheres explained by the military words. These are words expressing dynamics in the space (formation, attack, field, etc.), physical contact between the players (attack, stretch, etc.), movement of the ball (the ball is understood as a projectile), the setting of goals (to the result through the current tactically influenced situation) and words expressing support during the game (to supply, secure, ply, substitute, etc.).

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Športová komunikácia v materskej škole

Author(s): Stanislava Spáčilová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 35/2018

The objective of the paper is to closer describe sports communication taking place in the environment of a kindergarten and bring partial characteristics of the kindergarten teacherʼs subregister. The study material comprises more than 5 hours of audio recording, capturing the speech of 10 teachers oriented at children aged 4-5. In the analysis we notice the way educational features are present in the process of education and enhancement of sport lexis of children. In particular we focus on so-called register lexical units.

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LEXICAL STRUCTURES WITH ENGLISH ETYMON IN ROMANIAN LEXIS

Author(s): Mihaela Hriban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2018

Words and lexical units come and go into the Romanian lexis which is a domain into a permanent changing. Thus, words with different etymologies (words that are borrowed from French, English, German and other various languages) come into our vocabulary and influence it with the passage of time. One of these words that are used frequently in the process of communication belongs to what the researchers call ”active vocabulary”. Lexical units and borrowed structures into Romanian lexis that aren’t used constantly into the communication process go to the ”passive vocabulary” and remain there – up to the moment they are spoken by.

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ГЛОССИРОВАНИЕ VS. ВНУТРИТЕКСТОВОЕ ТОЛКОВАНИЕ ЛЕКСИКИ: ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТОЧКИ СОПРИКОСНОВЕНИЯ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ТЕКСТОВ XVIII ВЕКА

Author(s): Aleksander Aleksandrovich Malyshev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1 (178)/2019

The intra-text interpretation of lexicon in the 18th century texts inevitably needs a terminological designation of this phenomenon.There are two opposing directions in the use or non-use of the term “gloss” by the description of these cases of the explanation of lexicon. The tradition of understanding a gloss as a way of explaining some words, especially in hand-written texts, relies on the definition of a gloss which goes back to antiquity. This way glossing becomes the integral element of hand-written tradition, and glosses of hand-written texts become an important source of historical studying of language. In this case the problem of glossing is studied only using the material of hand-written texts. Other researchers understand glossing widely as the interpretation of unknown or little used words and expressions made not only by hand in the manuscript, but also by the typographical way in the texts of printed books,carrying such explanations to the most widespread type of explanations of lexicon in texts of later time, including the texts of the18th century. It basically appears to consider an assumption as a gloss by any explanation introduced in the text, whether it is hand written or printed. Therefore, in case of entering the explanations to the “difficult” words into the printed texts of the 18th century we can talk not just about the existence of glosses in the text, but about glossing as a process in general.

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LE CHAMP SEMANTIQUE DU MOT CHIEN

Author(s): Adela-Marinela Stancu / Language(s): French Issue: 11/2017

Our study aims to present meanings of the word dog as they appear in the specialized explanatory dictionaries. We have shown the extent to which this word has become known in the common language (idioms, phrases, onomastic).

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