CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

POČECI SLUŽBENE UPOTREBE BOSANSKOG JEZIKA

Author(s): Alen Kalajdžija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2016

This article discusses the issue related to beginning of the formal use of the official language in the Ottoman Bosnia in the second half of the 19th century. Based on that, following the scientific data and historiographical sources, the focus is shifting from the so-called Kallay language policy and the reforms of the Austro-Hungarian period’s school system to the previous period of Ottoman governance in Bosnia, in the context of Tanzimat reforms. Thus, the focus of attention turns from the ingrained attitudes about the political inferiority of the Bosnian language in the Austro-Hungarian period. It is concluded that the Austro-Hungarian government continued implementing systemic reform language policy that was preceded.

More...

17.00 €

Preview

Hokuspokus (Hókuszpókusz)

Author(s): Rudolf Szentgyörgyi / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2012

The magic word hocus-pocus first appeared in Slavic languages as well as in Hungarian as an international loanword. Its original source has not been satisfactorily identified in the international etymological literature, and thus etymological dictionaries of the individual Slavic languages are not in agreement with respect to its provenance, either. The present paper assesses the possible explanations proposed in the literature, including that on Slavic and Hungarian etymologies, and makes an attempt at clarifying the origin and early history of this internationalism. In particular, it is claimed that the magic word hocus-pocus has probably been first coined in English. It may subsequently have been borrowed both by Slavic languages and by Hungarian via German. On the other hand, the English word is claimed to be ultimately of Latin origin, its most probable source being a fragment of the Latin text of the Roman Catholic holy mass; more specifically, part of the formula of transubstantiation: hocest corpus meum ‘this is my body’.

More...

Why prefixes?

Author(s): Marianne Mithun / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2003

A variety of explanations have been offered for the observed cross-linguistic preponderance of suffixes over prefixes. Many are couched in terms of synchronic advantages, such as the cognitive simplicity of cross-category harmony between syntax and morphology, and preferences for processing the lexical meaning in stems before the grammatical material in affixes. But hypotheses about functional advantages cannot constitute explanations in themselves without accounts of the mechanisms by which the advantages are translated into grammatical structure. Here it is shown that the numerous exceptions to such hypotheses can be explained when the individual histories of the affixes are considered, including both their sources and the steps by which they develop.

More...

Über einige innersprachliche Zusammenhänge zur Steuerung von Sprachwandel

Author(s): Piroska B. Gergely / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2002

Heutzutage ist es ein allgemein verbreiteter Brauch in der historischen Sprachwissenschaft, dass diachrone Ergebnisse aus der synchronen Untersuchung der früheren Entwicklungsperioden der Sprache gezogen werden, um die Ursachen der linguistischen Veränderungen schlechterdings aufzudecken. Diese Arbeit versucht die Ursachen und den Prozess von morphophonologischen und morphosyntaktischen Veränderungen in der ungarischen Sprache sichtbar zu machen, die aus den inneren sprachlichen Zusammenhängen der mittel- und neuungarischen Perioden stammen und sich aus ihnen erklären lassen. Die untersuchten diachronen Erscheinungen gehören zu verschiedenen Änderungstypen. Sie können repräsentieren: 1. Systemzwang (wie im Falle des paradigmatischen Ausgleiches des Stammes ido ‘Zeit’); 2. Trennung von Form und Funktion (wie z.B. die diachrone Verbindung des Verbalpräfixes át- und der Postposition által ‘durch’) und 3. Wechselentwicklung der grammatischen Synonyme (wie z.B. Alternation der temporalen Bestimmungen mindéltig ~ mindig ‘immer’). Die Ursachen dieser Änderungen stammen aus dem synchronen System der gegebenen Periode und deuten daraufhin, dass allgemeine morphologische, semantische und funktionale Einflüsse ihres synchronen Verbindungssystems ihre historischen Veränderungen determinieren.

More...

Mikrodiachronie und Sprachwandel in den zusammengesetzten Sätzen

Author(s): Lea Haader / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2002

In diesem Artikel untersucht die Autorin, gestützt auf das Material der Bände A magyar nyelv történeti nyelvtana [Historische Grammatik der ungarischen Sprache], welche wichtigeren Prozesse die Herausbildung und Entwicklung der ungarischen zusammengesetzten Sätze bis zum Ende der altungarischen Zeit gelenkt haben. Dabei beschäftigt sie sich ausführlicher mit den Grammatikalisierungsprozessen, angesprochen werden aber auch die von Ellipse, Analogie und syntaktischer Synonymie verursachten Veränderungen

More...

Comments on the history of non-finite verb forms in Hungarian

Author(s): Anna Adamikné Jászó / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2002

In A Historical Grammar of Hungarian (Benko et al. 1991; 1992), the chapters on non-finite verb forms (infinitives and participles) were written by the present author. In that book, conciseness, brevity and canonical style were required; due to lack of space, it was impossible for authors to give a detailed discussion of the points made and to motivate their decisions. In this short paper, a number of statements and formulations given there will be clarified; furthermore, an overall picture will be given about the historical system of non-finite verb forms in Hungarian.

More...

18.00 €

Preview

What do colour names tell us? The case of Kazakh

Author(s): Bence Grezsa / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The linguistic research of colour names is a popular topic. It contributes to a better understanding of the history and development of languages and the culture of native speakers. This study deals with Kazakh colour names from the aspect of historical linguistics. First, the paper introduces the symbolic interpretation of Kazakh colours, then the categories and the functions of words derived from colour names are dealt with. Compounds that contain colour names are also in the focus of the present research. In the case of compounds, a specific usage of the colour names forming a particular meaning comes into view, which is a very interesting semantic field in Kazakh.

More...

Staropolskie relacje z przyimkami

Author(s): Zdzisława Krążyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/1990

Eine Beschreibung von Strukturrelationen, die die Präpositionen eingehen, muß viele Aspekte umfassen und folgendes berücksichtigen: 1. Semantik der Präposition, 2. Struktur und Semantik der Relationsbasis und des nominalen Bestimmungsgliedes, 3. Art der Relation zwischen der Basis und dem Bestimmungsglied. Die Semantik der Präposition, die man als eine Abstraktion aus konkreten Relationen verstehen kann, stellt eine Beziehung zwischen der Basis und dem Bestimmungsglied her. Diese Beziehung wird dann durch die Semantik und Form der jeweiligen Glieder präzisiert, von Klassen von Relationen kann jedoch erst dann die Rede sein, wenn Reihenbildungen (Paradigmen) vorliegen. Diese allgemeinen Überlegungen liegen unserer Analyse zugrunde, die mit den altpolnischen Präpositionen *k(u)’ und ‘do’ exemplifiziert wird.

More...

Zjawisko derywacji substytucyjnej w historii języka polskiego

Author(s): Bogusław Kreja / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/1981

Apart from the derivation used in vocabulary expansion where derivative В with a meaning z2 is concomittant to the stem A with a moaning z2 e.g. kawa > kawiarnia we come across a derivation which assimilates or revives particular function of the types where derivative В with a meaning z replaces stem A with the same meaning z, e.g. former word zbrodzieti, a modern one zbrodniarz, or władczyna - władczyni etc. The first type of derivation car. be called multiple derivation, the other one - substitutional derivation. The latter, as a matter of fact, can be found only In diachronic studies. Tbus, the forms władczyni are, synchronicaily speaking, multiple derivatives and in diachronic sense they are substitutional. The role of substitutional derivation in the Polish language history is of considerable importance. It is used, first of all, for secondary differentiating of those functions of a formative which have originally been inadequately differentiated.

More...

О системе падежей mariйskogo qzыka в рукописном памятнике 2-й половины XVIII века

Author(s): Oleg Sergejev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2018

This article considers the grammatical category of case, based on the entries of a manuscript dictionary of the second half of the 18th century. At present, the unpublished monument is kept in the manuscript department of the Russian National Library as a single handwritten copy. The compilers of the lexicographic work are Vyatka clergymen V. Kreknin and I. Platunov. Besides phonetic and lexical features, the manuscript has also preserved some grammatical peculiarities of the Mari language of 230 years ago. A careful study of the dictionary entries has identified 11 grammatical cases. The occurrence of such cases as causative and ablative is very limited in the dictionary. While the causative is mainly characteristic of the Western group of the Mari dialects, the ablative is more peculiar to the Urzhum dialect.

More...

Slovjanske vlivy v Esperanto

Author(s): Giorgio Silfer / Language(s): Slavic (Other) Issue: 2/2018

The article presents the author of Esperanto Lazar Ludwig Zamenhof and the influence of Slavic languages to Esperanto. / Članok govori o avtoru jezyka Esperanto Lazaru Ludviku Zamenhofu i o vlivah slovjanskyh jezykov do jezyka Esperanto.

More...

Dicționarele explicative românești contemporane. Referințe științifice

Author(s): Mihaela Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (28)/2018

The paper aims to analyze how the main Romanian explanatory dictionaries deal with certain categories of nouns, which also implies a more precise glossary, and, implicitly, an adequate circumscription within the scientific taxonomies. In this case, we referred to the bird class and conducted a case study, referring specifically to the word Aquila. In the first stage of the analysis, we made a description of the general features characterizing the explanatory dictionaries and at the same time the essence of their complexity. In the second stage, I followed how the chosen word is dealt with in the main Romanian explanatory dictionaries, but also the sources that they used for the description and scientific classification of the referent. We have found that sometimes the dictionaries prefer to inspire each other, without the need to validate information from a scientific aortic in the field. This leads to inconsistencies between modern scientific acquisitions and information presented in dictionaries. On the other hand, the imperfections contained in the dictionaries are natural. They are due, on the one hand, to the immanent complexity of these glossaries, but also to a lexicographic inertia in relation to the sources of information substantiation. The inclusion of cutting-edge information from areas as varied as contemporary reality implies inherent difficulties, sometimes reflected by foreign dictionaries with a long tradition. We believe that these difficulties could be overcome, at least in part, by maintaining a permanent contact with specialists, and by refreshing the information sources of the dictionaries concerned.

More...

„Deutsch light“ – Quo vadis Hochdeutsch?

Author(s): Rudolf Windisch / Language(s): German Issue: 2 (28)/2018

Since 2002, the law of equality act of disabled persons has been in effect to facilitate the barrier-free access to all regulation laws of public authorities (Behindertengleich-stellungsgesetz). This is not only literally meant as technically unhindered access for wheelchairs to public buildings, but also as inclusion of illiterate, mentally retarded people and social outsider in the public life. The task is now to translate ‘heavy German’ into ‘light language’, eg. by renouncing the genitive of nouns, the subjunctive as a mode, accurate numbers, just an example: not Bismarck was appointed as Chancellor in 1871, but „vor langer Zeit“ – a long time ago. The grammatical rules of this light German are exemplified in the new DUDEN-Leichte Sprache (Berlin, 2016). Our question: to what extent can immigrants, refugees or foreigners gain their language competence with the help of this light German? Is teaching by DaF-Programs (‘German as a foreign language’) and using the DUDEN-Grammar now overtaken? Finally, one has to take into account that the social integration of these persons also includes language contact with the locals. The basic value estimation for an elaborate Hochdeutsch/ ‘high-German’, especially in everyday life, should not be neglected.

More...

Repere istorice şi culturale ale dezvoltării limbii române literare în secolele al XVIII-lea şi al XIX-lea

Author(s): Mihaela Marcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2018

The intent of this approach is to outline a general framework of the historical and cultural conditions of literary Romanian language during the late 18th century and the next century, without aiming to be exhaustive. The very important modernization of the culture of Romanians and, as an integral part of it, of our literary language, is determined by the economic and social progress experienced by Romanian countries. With all the hesitations and orientations sometimes inconsistent with our national spirit, the success of the period is visible: literary Romanian language follows an ascending process that will inevitably lead to its stabilization and modernization.

More...

Fleksja rzeczownika w Książkach o wychowaniu dzieci Erazma Glicznera na tle XVI-wiecznych tendencji normalizacyjnych

Author(s): Magdalena Gozdek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2018

The subject of this study is inflection of nouns in Książki o wychowaniu dzieci [...] (Cracow 1558) by Erazm Gliczner. The main research aim was verifying progressive of standardisation of the Polish language in comparison to the first part of the sixteenth century. Due to the fact that sixteenth century was a time of the biggest development of Polish language changes were dynamic. Presented research results are only general trends but they show us a progress of normalization. Polish author had a good intuition with regard to developmental tendencies of 16th Polish language. He usually was choosing new variants of inflection forms.

More...

Przybysz niejedno ma imię, czyli o obcej leksyce nazywającej migrantów

Author(s): Paulina Kaźmierczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2018

The article presents words that people use to describe migrants. The analysis mainlyconcerned words borrowed from foreign languages. This presentation shows the culturalcontext of using names of immigrants in Polish.

More...

O naučnom i pedagoškom radu prof. dr. Herte Kune

Author(s): Darija Gabrić-Bagarić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/1987

Prof. dr Herta Kuna rođena je 13. marta 1922. u Slav. Požegi. Gimnaziju je pohađala u rodnom mjestu i Sarajevu. Od 1942. sarađivala je sa NOP-om. Na Filozofski fakultet u Sarajevu upisala se 1952, na grupu Srpsko-hrvatski jezik i istorija jugoslavenskih književnosti. Diplomirala je 1958, kada je i izabrana za asistenta za staroslavenski jezik. Doktorirala je 1962. Godine 1963. izabrana je za docenta, 1968. za vanrednog, a 1974. za redovnog profesora za staroslavenski jezik i istoriju literarnog jezika. Penzionirana je januara 1987. godine.

More...

Karen Grainger and Sara Mills: Directness and indirectness across cultures

24.00 €

Preview

Karen Grainger and Sara Mills: Directness and indirectness across cultures

Author(s): Han Dan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Karen Grainger and Sara Mills: Directness and indirectness across cultures. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, pp. 177.

More...

Kazimierz Nitsch jako historyk języka

Author(s): Bogusław Dunaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2019

Kazimierz Nitsch is the founder of Polish dialectology. In addition, he also studied, though to a lesser extend, contemporary Polish language and its history. His early works in the field of linguistic history are typical philological studies. An analysis of rhymes in poetry from the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century was methodologically innovative, and allowed for an interpretation of some phonetic processes that took place in the past. Growing out of dialectological research, the most important method applied to the interpretation of historical linguistic processes, was reasoning about their course on the basis of an analysis of the reaches of certain phenomena in dialects. The great merit of K. Nitsch was the initiation in 1913 of a discussion about the origin of the Polish literary language.

More...

On the use of the adessive case in Tver Karelian

Author(s): Nicklas N. B. Oranen / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2019

This study provides a descriptive account of the adessive case in the endangered and scarcely documented Tver Karelian variety of the Karelian language. Te investigation provides not only an overview of the many functional uses of the case in question, but also comparisons to Finnish and Estonian, as well as Russian. Te adessive case is historically associated with external location but has acquired a wide range of other uses not directly related to location, including temporal, instrumental, possessive, dative, and experiential functions. Te case is even used to mark direct and oblique objects of certain verbs. Some of these functions are shared by the adessive case in other Finnic languages, including Finnish and Estonian, while other functions that set Tver Karelian apart from these relatives appear to have developed under the influence of Russian with which the language has a long history of contact.

More...