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Historia języka polskiego – subdyscyplina polimetodologiczna

Author(s): Bogdan Walczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author presents the history of scientific reflection on the history of the Polish language situated in the context of positivist, structuralist, communicative and cultural-cognitivist paradigm in turn. In the closing remarks he highlights the polymethodology of the Polish language history, proving that the scientific paradigms coexisting on that ground today might remain in a nonantagonistic complementary relation, due to the fact that each of them might dominate a certain fragment of the history of the language as a heterogenous and multiperspective discipline.

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Badania bilingwizmu (i wielojęzyczności) wybitnych nosicieli języka w przestrzeni języka polskiego: nowa subdomena historii języka?

Author(s): Bronisława Ligara / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper proposes that research on bilingualism of creators of literature – both their personalities and their texts in Polish and in other languages – be considered a separate subfield in the linguistic history of Polish. Some of the problems that emerge are: choice of the language for the creative output, the author’s participation in three communicative communities, transfer and exchange of elements from the space of one language/culture into the space of another language/culture, bilingual speech. We propose a reformulation of the attitude that researchers of Polish linguistic history currently take towards bilingualism of prominent authors: perception of the phenomenon as co-participation of bilingual authors in different cultures, and their contribution to the creation of cross-cultural and even trans-cultural discourse.

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Wykorzystywanie elektronicznych baz danych do badań nad dziejami słownictwa

Author(s): Ewelina Kwapień / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents possible usage of electronic tools like database to different kinds of research on the field of the history of language. The first part of the text is to present a select few websites being a result of work in database. They were designed to provide their usage not only for scientific and teaching purposes but also for the purpose of popularizing. The second part of the article is a presentation of different ways to use a database during the research on the vocabulary of the 19th century. Changes of meaning registered in lexicografical sources has been considered as a separate part of the analysis. History of semantic changes of the verb malować ( to paint) was an illustration of disadvantages of traditional analysis (including a charts in Word programme) and facilities offered by electronic tools.

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Elektroniczny słownik języka polskiego XVII i XVIII wieku IJP PAN

Author(s): Magdalena Majdak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Magdalena Majdak presents „Elektroniczny słownik języka polskiego XVII i XVIII wieku” which is being created in the Institute of Polish Language, Polish Academy of Sciences. She compares it with the previous version, and indicates the difference between them.

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Warsztat współczesnego leksykografa historycznego

Author(s): Ewa Deptuchowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper treats on how the vocabulary of the ancient era of the written Polish has been analyzed. Its goals is showing the means available to a lexicographer carrying out research in the past century and pointing to the nowadays capabilities. Current technical measures make possible showing of an entire workspace of a researcher, what yields a possibility of verification of an analysis and taking up a discussion.

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Wybrane problemy semantyki historycznej. Definiowanie znaczeń w słowniku dawnej polszczyzny

Author(s): Włodzimierz Gruszczyński,Dorota Adamiec,Magdalena Majdak,Wiesław Morawski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors deal with the problem of reconstructing and defining the meanings of old lexical units in historical dictionaries. Those should be treated as bilingual since the language of a past epoch is nowadays extinct and foreign. Defining the meanings of old lexical units, should the lexicographer try to reconstruct the state of science of that time or refer to his present-day language competence? The authors, by means of numerous examples, present detailed problems with reconstruction of meanings, caused by difficulties with categorisation of designations. The conclusion is that definitions should comprise all the features of a designation appearing in historical language material.

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Kształtowanie się specjalistycznej odmiany języka na przykładzie leksyki z poradnika Piotra Krescencjusza

Author(s): Joanna Kamper-Warejko / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The agrotechnical work by Crescentius (1571) includes a wide range of specialist vocabulary – one of the most important elements of the specialist language. The development of science, commenced in the 16th century, became reflected in the slowly created nomenclature. The article attempts to show its evolution. The starting point became the names of plants. The material was compared against the traditional nomenclature of the earlier times, the Polish language of the 16th century and the contemporary nomenclature. The examined group of words evinces the continuity of terms appearing in the early stage of shaping specialist languages. They illustrate the state of knowledge in the discussed period of time, the range and sources of specialist lexis; they even constitute the evidence of changes taking place throughout history.

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Odkrywanie znaczenia w tekstach dawnych

Author(s): Dorota Kozaryn / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper refers to the problem of determining the meaning of words in old texts. On the example of the word rozszłapać that is to be found in the „Kronika, to jest historyja świata…” („The Chronicle or the history of the world…”) by Marcin Bielski (1564), a still imperfect procedure of finding the meaning, consisting in comparative reading of dictionaries, contextual reading and determining the etymology of a given word, has been shown.

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Słownik historyczny jako źródło do rekonstrukcji dawnych sposobów myślenia o świecie

Author(s): Beata Kuryłowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this paper the author attempts to show the possibilities offered by the analysis of a historical dictionary in research on the old ways of perceiving, categorizing and evaluation of the world. The material illustration of the deliberations in question is „Nowy dykcjonarz” by Michał Abraham Troc, which is one of the most significant and important achievements of Polish eighteenth century lexicography. The sample analyses presented in the paper indicate the importance of a historic dictionary to explore the old, conventional ways of thinking about the world.

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Jednostka opisu języka dawnego

Author(s): Piotr Sobotka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Piotr Sobotka proposes the term of ‘historical unit’ to describing the quasi-lexemes the ancient language. This paper discusses two basic methods of the reconstruction of historical units, i.e. both the internal reconstruction and comparative reconstruction. Examples discussed in the paper are markers of uninflected classes and that is the reason of the difficulty in functional categorizing these items. The paper brings some solutions to these problems in analysing of the utterance structures, especially thematic-rhematic structure of sentences.

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Gwara i dialekt w perspektywie historycznej

Author(s): Błażej Osowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper verifies the 7 essential characteristics for understanding what it is that dialectology and historical dialectology: (1) geographic diversity, (2) social differentiation, (3) subject of study, (4) opposition ‘dialect-literary language’, (5) chronological aspect, (6) focus on Old Polish language, (7) irregularity of dialectal features. Author used the articles about the origins of Polish literary language. An additional aim of this article is to seek answers to the question: Does the history of dialects may be helpful in the diagnosis of the present situation?

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Między historią języka a dialektologią – słownictwo testamentów góralskich z XVII i XVIII wieku

Author(s): Maciej Rak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article concerns vocabulary in testaments from the Podhale region which were published by Kazimierz Dobrowolski in „Włościańskie rozporządzenie ostatniej woli na Podhalu w XVII i XVIII w.” (Kraków 1933). How it can be known, this type of texts is an important source for historical linguistic because they record the regional and colloquial lexis. We can see the same situation in testaments. The article contains a part of legal terminology, names of degrees of consanguinity and affinity, and the appellatives of currencies.

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Onomastyka literacka wobec tekstologii i teorii dyskursu – perspektywa historyczna

Author(s): Artur Rejter / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the paper are proper names appearing in Old-Polish idyll and noble poetry. Proper names in idyll and noble poetry prove certain similarities. In both domains appear topic names and – in different shape – realistic or authentic ones. In Old-Polish idyll the conventional proper names perform poetic function, constitute the context for described situations or created scenes, in which significant part concerns the body and sexual spheres of a human being life. On the other hand the noble discourse uses the topic names in the negative aspect and the background of the main idea of the discourse, which means the apology of life consistent with nature valorizing country life.

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W trosce o skuteczne nauczanie gramatyki historycznej języka polskiego

Author(s): Marcin Maciołek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Marcin Maciołek in the article entitled „The Care for Efficient Teaching Polish Language Historical Grammar” discusses ways thanks to which in teaching phonetics and historical morphology of Polish one can reach intended didactic result: raise student’s interest for the subject and encourage them to individual work on discovering the past of Polish language. In author’s opinion to get that effect teacher must: 1) check what is the level of student’s knowledge; 2) give clear (strictly explained) methodological basis; 3) pick proper examples for analysis; 4) determine analytic procedure, form useful suggestions; 5) indicate resilience of discussed processes in dialects and contemporary language (or its sustenance in old evolutionary stages); compare with other Slavic languages; 6) not divide strictly for phonetics and morphology; 7) create friendly atmosphere during classes.

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Język jako archiwum kulturowe – konteksty śląskiej dydaktyki polonistycznej (na przykładzie „Dworzanina polskiego” Łukasza Górnickiego)

Author(s): Kinga Wąsińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article was written in connection with the Silesian University lecturing on the subject called the language as a cultural archive. The author shows how to use the text “Dworzanin polski” Ł. Górnickiego that students know already the first year of Polish studies to come to a synthesis of knowledge of the history of literature, history, language and cultural history. The author proposes to once again look at the patterns imported from Italy about perfect courtier and based on the analysis of the text to find the determinants of the ancient court culture. Furthermore, the text aims to give students information about courtly manners, inventory of court entertainments with their characteristics and old formulas honorific politeness and courtly language, which should be compared with the recommendations of today’s savoir-vivre civilities. In addition, the author points out certain variety of literature types, like a conversation, a dialogue, speech, dedication and anecdote. All these proposals are designed to help lecturer attractive objects of linguistics and realize the student functionality and complexity of Polish studies.

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Staroslověnské názvy nemocí a jejich protějšky v makedonštině (v porovnání s češtinou)

Author(s): Ilona Janyšková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The present paper deals with the etymological explanation of the Old Church Slavonic names of illnesses, their symptomes and their counterparts in the Macedonian language in comparison with the Czech language. These are words of native origin in most cases, usually of the Proto-Slavic age. Mentioned are some differences between the individual languages, especially in their semantics (cf OCS jędza ‘illness’ and M jанѕа, dialectal енѕа ‘fever, temperature’), in word-formation etc.

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O pogranicznym charakterze Sienkiewiczowskiej publicystyki

Author(s): Magdalena Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to Henryk Sienkiewicz’s journalistic writing, shown from the perspective of stylistic and genre boundaries. Analyses of selected press statements have aimed to indicate the presence of stylistic elements characteristic of literature in journalistic texts and to show how, on the other hand, the journalistic experience (e.g. in the form of reports from painting exhibitions, correspondence from travels) has found its artistic rendering in Sienkiewicz’s literary works. The research material consists of texts representing Sienkiewicz’s most frequently employed journalistic genres: note, review and travel correspondence. The analyses have been formulated in their appropriate contexts, taking into account the state of 19th-century journalism, the genre consciousness of the time and Sienkiewicz’s literary output.

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Au seuil de la langue (nouvelle) : codeswitching, attitudes et changements linguistique en Tunisie

Author(s): Heikel BEN MUSTAPHA / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

When applied to language, the polysemic notion of threshold [seuil] refers to a transitional space where any linguistic stage is linked to preceding and following statements, to the before and the after. Unlike structural linguistics which studies language in a diachronic way, spoken languages do not show distinct linguistic stages and cannot thereby be studied in the perspective of an extended diachrony. They are only studied in a synchronic method especially when it becomes to study the speech of people before the invention of new technologies of recording. While linked with the precedent stage, a spoken language seems to be a variation resulting from it which announces the very future phase. In this way, they show continuously aspects of language change, which can be studied in the perspective of the Labovian “apparent time”. In the Tunisian context, the changes observed are, in part, “contact-induced” and seem to be reflected by the generalized practice of codeswitching. But, this practice, while motivated by communicative pressures, is intimately linked with the history of language contacts and with the ideologies (attitudes and representations) supporting their conflicting relations. In Tunisia, the language conflict results in paradoxical identities which muzzles speakers, and which does not enable us to indicate the orientation that language change will choose.

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Още за ролята на средновековния търновски книжовен език като класически

Author(s): Milena Obretenova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article considers the problem about the continual growing of the functional power of the Bulgarian literary language between the IX and XIV century, owing to the purposeful language policy. The result is the conversion of the Bulgarian language in the third and last classical language in Europe. The Innovative in the process of work is the characteristics of classical languages from the sociolinguistic type of view Special accent is placed on the methods of research of Old Bulgarian literary language and the process of forming the rest of the literary languages in the territory of the modern Slavia Orthodoxa.

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Η γλωσσα του Οδυσσεα Παπανικολαου (Μητροπολίτης Συμεών Βάρνας και Πρεσλάβας)

Author(s): Dimitrios Roumpos / Language(s): English,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

The Metropolitan Symeon of Varna and Preslav worldly known as Odysseas Papanikolaou (1841–1937) is one of the representatives of the Bulgarian renaissance culture who authored work in Greek. From the literary heritage of Metropolitan Symeon, have been preserved works in Greek from the time of his studies at the Holy Theological School of the island of Halki. This present communication addresses these passages as a source of linguistic features and personal style of the author.

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