We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The paper verifies the 7 essential characteristics for understanding what it is that dialectology and historical dialectology: (1) geographic diversity, (2) social differentiation, (3) subject of study, (4) opposition ‘dialect-literary language’, (5) chronological aspect, (6) focus on Old Polish language, (7) irregularity of dialectal features. Author used the articles about the origins of Polish literary language. An additional aim of this article is to seek answers to the question: Does the history of dialects may be helpful in the diagnosis of the present situation?
More...
The following article concerns vocabulary in testaments from the Podhale region which were published by Kazimierz Dobrowolski in „Włościańskie rozporządzenie ostatniej woli na Podhalu w XVII i XVIII w.” (Kraków 1933). How it can be known, this type of texts is an important source for historical linguistic because they record the regional and colloquial lexis. We can see the same situation in testaments. The article contains a part of legal terminology, names of degrees of consanguinity and affinity, and the appellatives of currencies.
More...
The paper presents some problems related to the interpretation of the linguistic facts characteristic of the Polish language of the 17th and 18th century Southern Borderland (illustrated by the example of phonetic features). Due to the complicated genesis of this language variety, it is sometimes difficult or even impossible to determine the nature and origin of some phenomena. Interpretative dilemmas arise in the case of such questions as: 1) does a phenomena in question have a merely graphic or also phonetic nature (e.g. forms such as Błogosławięstwy), 2) should a phenomena in question be considered a peripheral archaism or a result of Ukrainian interference (e.g. forms such as alie, pisarsz, oczekuiąć), 3) should a phenomena in question be considered one of Polish dialect features or Ukrainian borrowings (e.g. forms such as Łaskie, sztachietow, chiba) etc.
More...
The subject of the paper are proper names appearing in Old-Polish idyll and noble poetry. Proper names in idyll and noble poetry prove certain similarities. In both domains appear topic names and – in different shape – realistic or authentic ones. In Old-Polish idyll the conventional proper names perform poetic function, constitute the context for described situations or created scenes, in which significant part concerns the body and sexual spheres of a human being life. On the other hand the noble discourse uses the topic names in the negative aspect and the background of the main idea of the discourse, which means the apology of life consistent with nature valorizing country life.
More...
Marcin Maciołek in the article entitled „The Care for Efficient Teaching Polish Language Historical Grammar” discusses ways thanks to which in teaching phonetics and historical morphology of Polish one can reach intended didactic result: raise student’s interest for the subject and encourage them to individual work on discovering the past of Polish language. In author’s opinion to get that effect teacher must: 1) check what is the level of student’s knowledge; 2) give clear (strictly explained) methodological basis; 3) pick proper examples for analysis; 4) determine analytic procedure, form useful suggestions; 5) indicate resilience of discussed processes in dialects and contemporary language (or its sustenance in old evolutionary stages); compare with other Slavic languages; 6) not divide strictly for phonetics and morphology; 7) create friendly atmosphere during classes.
More...
This article was written in connection with the Silesian University lecturing on the subject called the language as a cultural archive. The author shows how to use the text “Dworzanin polski” Ł. Górnickiego that students know already the first year of Polish studies to come to a synthesis of knowledge of the history of literature, history, language and cultural history. The author proposes to once again look at the patterns imported from Italy about perfect courtier and based on the analysis of the text to find the determinants of the ancient court culture. Furthermore, the text aims to give students information about courtly manners, inventory of court entertainments with their characteristics and old formulas honorific politeness and courtly language, which should be compared with the recommendations of today’s savoir-vivre civilities. In addition, the author points out certain variety of literature types, like a conversation, a dialogue, speech, dedication and anecdote. All these proposals are designed to help lecturer attractive objects of linguistics and realize the student functionality and complexity of Polish studies.
More...
The present paper deals with the etymological explanation of the Old Church Slavonic names of illnesses, their symptomes and their counterparts in the Macedonian language in comparison with the Czech language. These are words of native origin in most cases, usually of the Proto-Slavic age. Mentioned are some differences between the individual languages, especially in their semantics (cf OCS jędza ‘illness’ and M jанѕа, dialectal енѕа ‘fever, temperature’), in word-formation etc.
More...
The article is devoted to Henryk Sienkiewicz’s journalistic writing, shown from the perspective of stylistic and genre boundaries. Analyses of selected press statements have aimed to indicate the presence of stylistic elements characteristic of literature in journalistic texts and to show how, on the other hand, the journalistic experience (e.g. in the form of reports from painting exhibitions, correspondence from travels) has found its artistic rendering in Sienkiewicz’s literary works. The research material consists of texts representing Sienkiewicz’s most frequently employed journalistic genres: note, review and travel correspondence. The analyses have been formulated in their appropriate contexts, taking into account the state of 19th-century journalism, the genre consciousness of the time and Sienkiewicz’s literary output.
More...
When applied to language, the polysemic notion of threshold [seuil] refers to a transitional space where any linguistic stage is linked to preceding and following statements, to the before and the after. Unlike structural linguistics which studies language in a diachronic way, spoken languages do not show distinct linguistic stages and cannot thereby be studied in the perspective of an extended diachrony. They are only studied in a synchronic method especially when it becomes to study the speech of people before the invention of new technologies of recording. While linked with the precedent stage, a spoken language seems to be a variation resulting from it which announces the very future phase. In this way, they show continuously aspects of language change, which can be studied in the perspective of the Labovian “apparent time”. In the Tunisian context, the changes observed are, in part, “contact-induced” and seem to be reflected by the generalized practice of codeswitching. But, this practice, while motivated by communicative pressures, is intimately linked with the history of language contacts and with the ideologies (attitudes and representations) supporting their conflicting relations. In Tunisia, the language conflict results in paradoxical identities which muzzles speakers, and which does not enable us to indicate the orientation that language change will choose.
More...
The article considers the problem about the continual growing of the functional power of the Bulgarian literary language between the IX and XIV century, owing to the purposeful language policy. The result is the conversion of the Bulgarian language in the third and last classical language in Europe. The Innovative in the process of work is the characteristics of classical languages from the sociolinguistic type of view Special accent is placed on the methods of research of Old Bulgarian literary language and the process of forming the rest of the literary languages in the territory of the modern Slavia Orthodoxa.
More...
The article examines insufficiently clarified issues regarding the construction of the Bulgarian terminology in the field of finance and commodity-monetary relations. 3 patericon stories from the Sinaitic Patericon are analyzed. The study involves a significant number of witnesses of the transmission of these texts over a vast chronological segment spanning the 10th – 19th centuries.
More...
Drawing on the Old Bulgarian translations of Athanasius of Alexandria and Basil the Great, the author traces the use of allegorical theology in the 4th century and its reflection as Прїточное богословие during the 10th century. The linguistic comparison between the use of allegorical key-names by Athanasius of Alexandria and the process of conceptualization of ordinary names to divine predicates and theological terms by Basil the Great provides the necessary discourse for the observations on the language practice of the Preslav’s men of letters. When illustrating the process of deriving human knowledge from the literal to the figurative interpretation of a certain story from the Bible, John the Exarch and Constantine of Preslav relied on a common theological platform, also known from the original works of the two authors. The criteria for the correctness of the exegesis according to the two authors are specified.
More...
The publication examines the use of personal seals during the Bulgarian National Revival in the Middle Rhodopes. The specificity in the graphic layout of the inscriptions on the stamps is shown. The spelling patterns of the anthroponyms are presented. The symbolism included in the inscriptions is described and characterized.
More...
The Metropolitan Symeon of Varna and Preslav worldly known as Odysseas Papanikolaou (1841–1937) is one of the representatives of the Bulgarian renaissance culture who authored work in Greek. From the literary heritage of Metropolitan Symeon, have been preserved works in Greek from the time of his studies at the Holy Theological School of the island of Halki. This present communication addresses these passages as a source of linguistic features and personal style of the author.
More...
The paper compares characteristic dialect features of the Bulgarian dialects from the Debar (Dibra) region in the Republic of Albania and features of the Rhodope dialects. The aim of the comparison is to clarify the nature of the similar or identical features in the reflexes of the back nasal and back jer vowel in different phonetic and phono-morphological positions. Attention is also paid to the dialect lexeme ушники – ‘earrings’, which shows common lexical features in the considered area.
More...
The lexical diagnostic dialect markers of the Bulgarian dialects in Bessarabia have not been studied at all. The preparation of a complete markers’ list at the different language levels is vital for determining the genetic kinship of these dialects.
More...
Prof. Lyubomir Miletich is the founder of the academic discipline of Bulgarian dialectology. His fundamental work on the Eastern Bulgarian dialects is the basis for all subsequent researchers of this language area, an important part of which is the Shumen dialect considered by Мiletich to be archaic and important for the classification of Bulgarian dialects. Here I make an overview of the works dedicated to the Shumen dialect, which are necessarily based on “Das Ostbulgarische”.
More...
The paper discusses the discourse marker де in the languages of the Balkan Sprachbund (Bulgarian, Albanian, Greek, and Romanian). Theories on the etymology of де in the Balkan languages are analyzed in view of the likelihood of a substratum, Turkic or Slavic origin. The focus is on the use and meaning of the discourse marker. In Bulgarian, Greek, and Albanian, three main meanings can be distinguished, along with some set phrases, while Romanian deviates from the Balkan pattern in the use of the marker.
More...
Die deutschen Entlehnungen in der albanischen Sprache sind einer der wichtigsten Belege deutsch-albanischer Kulturbeziehungen von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Hier werden nur die wichtigsten historischen Berührungspunkte seit dem Mittelalter kurz erwähnt.
More...