The Trouble with Diversifying the Faculty

Author(s): Walter Benn Michaels / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

This article presents the problem of politics of di erence realized within the American educational system, with a special emphasis on higher education. This politics is according to the author based on putting in the center of all educational actions the idea of diversity, as well in creating academic institutions. This key idea becomes in the American context a special significance, regarding the fact that the American society is based on ideology that celebrates multiculturalism and diversity as such. This article presents also an important for the contemporary situation in the United States problem of combining cultural and ethnic diversity on the economical category of di erence between various classes. Furthermore, it seems to be more significant in the light of the economic crisis in recent years that affected also American education in the same extent.

"Agro-Industrie" in der Sowjetunion

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 08-OEA/1974

Im folgenden werden sechs Auszüge aus einigen sowjetischen Veröffentlichungen vorgelegt, die das Thema sowohl in einem allgemeineren theoretischen Rahmen als auch in seinen einzelnen Erscheinungsformen beleuchten. Vor allem lassen sie erkennen - und es wird teilweise auch explizite gesagt -, daß noch keine Einhelligkeit der Auffassung herrscht und die vertikale Integration der sowjetischen Landwirtschaft sich noch ganz in den Anfängen befindet.

"Droga ta była ciężka, lecz została stopniowo pokonana". Dzieje polityczne i społeczne Andrychowa w latach 1945-1950

Author(s): Krzysztof Matyjasik / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 20/2017

The topic of this article is Andrychów’s history after World War II. The time--frame includes the events from 1945 (the city’s liberation by the Red Army and thecreation of the communist system in Andrychów) to 1950 (the beginnings of theSix-Year Plan). The purpose of the article is to present the postwar history of Andrychów regarding the city’s political and social history over the examined period.The article was divided into two parts.In the first part – Political life – I presented the politcal situation in the city afterits liberation in January 1945. The Polish Worker’s Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza,PPR) was active in 1944 in Andrychów. Thanks to the fact that the German armywas driven out of Andrychów by the Red Army, the Polish Worker’s Party couldbegin its activity. The political situation had an influence over the politics of the Andrychów’s authorities. In 1946 was hold a referendum „Three Time Yes referendum”in Andrychów. At the beginning of the year 1948, the most important parties in thecity – the Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) and the PPR strived for unification. Andrychów’s authorities were fighting with the anti-communistresistance. The inhabitants, however, were also affected by the repressions.In the second part – Social life – I described the most important social problems of Andrychów’s inhabitants after the war. As the social life is concerned, thecommunist authorities were well-disposed towards certain pursuits of Andrychów’sinhabitants. In 1948, a radio network was installed in the city. In 1949, the authoritiestried to establish a seondary school.

"I'll Think about it Tomorrow": Price Drifts Following Large Pre-Holiday Stock Price Moves

Author(s): Andrey Kudryavtsev / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The study explores the holiday effect on large daily stock price changes and on subsequent stock returns. The motivation for the study is based on the Mood Maintenance Hypothesis and on the literature documenting lower stock trading activity before holidays. I hypothesize that if a company-specific shock takes place before a holiday, then investors striving to maintain their positive pre-holiday mood, may be less willing to make influential trading decisions, and therefore, may react relatively more weakly to the shock. This kind of behavior may create an underreaction to the shock and result in subsequent price drift. I analyze all major daily stock price moves, defined according to a number of alternative proxies, for all the constituents of S&P 500 Index over the period from 1993 to 2017. I document that both positive and negative stock price moves occurring immediately before public holidays are followed by significant price drifts on the next two (post-holiday) trading days and over five- and twenty-day intervals following the initial price move. The magnitude of these post-event drifts increases over longer time windows. On the other hand, I find that large stock price changes taking place on regular days are followed by either non-significant or marginally significant price reversals. The effect is more pronounced for small and more volatile stocks.

"Industrialisierung der Landwirtschaft" und "Agra-Industrie" in kommunistischem Verständnis

Author(s): Karl-Eugen Wädekin / Language(s): German Issue: 08/1974

The "industrialization of agriculture" has been one of the tenets of Marxism ever since the Communist Manifesto. But in practice Communist agricultural policy was designed at the technical aspects of large-scale farming and mechanization only. In the meantime, the American "agribusiness" and the West European peasant cooperatives together with processing industries and trade have brought about, in economic and organizational terms, more vertical integration of agriculture than the big socialized farms and the centralized planning and administrative system. Recently, the Communist leaders have come to realize this defect in the application of their concept, and "agro-industrial complexes" have become the order of the day throughout Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The article outlines the notion and implications of vertical integration of agriculture and the differences and similarities- of its application in the East as compared to Western industrialized countries. Special emphasis is placed on the change of mind of Communist economists and on the reasons why, in spite of seemingly superior preconditions, the Soviet-type planned economies were slow to take advantage not only of horizontal concentration already achieved (huge production units), but also of vertical integration (combination of agricultural and non-agricultural activities).

"Kopernikanische Wendung" zum Konsumenten

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 16/1965

originally published in: PLÁNOVANÉ HOSPODÁŘSTVÍ, Prag, Nr.5 1965 ("Zum neuen Leitungssystem") by Eugen Löbl

"Ob das Land dern Bauern braucht?"

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 04/1965

text 1: Комсомольская Правда, Moscow, Dec. 3,1964 (Braucht denn das Dorf einen Bauern?) text 2: Литературная Газета, Moscow, Jan 5, 1965 (Neujahrswünsche) text 3: Литературная Газета, Moscow, Feb. 4, 1965 (Seite eines ländlichen Tagebuchs)

"Widersprüche" kommen ans Licht

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 08/1953

source: THE ECONOMIST, London, Jan 17, 1953 - Confusion Behind the Iran Curtain

"Лошите кредити": институционални и финансови аспекти, 1994

Author(s): Christina Vutcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

Since the beginning of 1991 Bulgaria has been living through a period of transition from centralized totalitarian control to free market economy. Year 1990 can be said to mark the political liberation of the people with the adoption of the new Constitution. The economic liberalization, however, is a reality yet to be brought to life since private ownership is not prevalent in the economy. The prime aim of the transition is to substitute an absurd and inefficient economic system for a new one to rely on the free initiative, private ownership and competition.

1973 - Das entscheidende dritte Jahr. Eine Zwischenbilanz des 9. Fünfjahrplans

Author(s): Heinrich Vogel / Language(s): German Issue: 08/1974

The .report of the Central Statistical Administration on planfulfilment in 1973 deserves special interest: this year has received the label "decisive year for the ninth five-year plan". At the same time both, planned and attained figures can be compared with the detailed five-year-plan from 1971. In spite of generally fulfilled or overfulfilled targets of the annual plan the cumulated growth rates for 1971-1973 show a lag of quite a few results behind the levels stipulated in the five-year plan. The present article tries to analyze these lags in more details especially for Soviet industry. Besides the repercussions of the extremely bad harvest of 1972 the main reasons lie in too long gestation periods and the very reluctant introduction of new technologies. The rise of living standards also is not in line with original plans, particularly the new priority of consumer-goods in industrial production seems out of reach. It is hardly conceivable how Soviet lags in the great economic race with industrialized western countries will diminish according to plans.

1997 Asya Krizinin Merkezindeki Üç Ülkede Çeyrekler Îtibarıyle Finansal Kabarcıklar ve Kabarcık Patlamaları: Güney Kore, Filipinler, Tayland (1990-2019)

Author(s): Cengiz Samur / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

The bubble of price, as theoretical, is “too big deviation of asset’s price from its fundamental (intrinsic) value”. In regard to the country, as empirical; (i) financial asset price bubble happens when “a change (increase) in the financial nominal price index (percent) exceeds the sum of inflation and economic growth rates, at least as 25 %”, on the other hand, (ii) the bubble burst happens when there is “a too sharp decline in the financial asset nominal price index”, and when there is a decrease in the index in related to the total of inflation and growth rates, at least as 20%. Since the 2008 Financial Crisis, the debate of “financial bubbles and correct monetary policy” has been blown: Is macroeconomic stability possible in the country without financial stability? Is it required and possible to prevent a bubble formation and its growth? What should the Central Bank do? How should the monetary policy respond to the bubbles? The study is important due to its contribution to this debate. In this study, the financial bubbles that occurred quarterly in the period of 1990-2019 and in the three countries (in South Korea, Philippines, and Thailand) , which were amongst the countries at the core of the 1997 Asian crisis, are handled. They are essentially focused on the bubble bursts. It is the purpose to determine there is a connection between bubble burst cases and cumulative real cost, decrease in growth rate, or economic contraction. If there is a strong relation, to maintain macroeconomic stability in the markets, the government has to fulfill proactive (macroprudential) policies and has to intervene not only on bubble bursts, but also on bubble’s formation. However, some relations with only weak or middle degrees were reached.

25 Jahre "Sozialistische ökonomische Integration" im RGW

Author(s): Werner Gumpel / Language(s): German Issue: 01/1974

In the first 25 years of its existence, the Council for Mutual Economic Aid (CMEA) has exercised only moderate influence on the economic development of its member states. Any successes the CMEA-states have achieved in the economic field are the result primarily of national efforts. Integration in the sense of the European Economic Com¬munity has as yet not taken place. Only since about 1970 can attempts to this effect be noticed. Economic integration is hindered mainly by the different stages of develop¬ment of the various states, which results in many divergent interests. In future, however, it may be expected that efforts of integrating the member states will be considerably intensified.

50 Jahre sowjetische Wirtschaftspolitik: Apsekte ihrer künftigen Etnwicklung

Author(s): Hans Böhme / Language(s): German Issue: 05+06/1968

A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL ESTIMATION AND FORECASTING WITH UNBALANCED DATA SETS

Author(s): Davit Tutberidze,Dimitri Japaridze / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

One disadvantage of vector autoregressive (VAR) models is that they require time series to have equal lengths in the estimation process. This requirement induces a loss of potentially valuable information coming from time series that are longer than others. The issue is particularly evident in macroeconometric setups whenever variables have different starting points due to reasons grounded in various data recording and/or collection particularities. In many developing and emerging economies - especially those that were transitioned to market economies in the late 20th century - initial statistical observations on macro variables suffer from uneven availability and/or reliability. In this paper, we offer a remedy through a Bayesian approach: information in longer time series is aggregated into a prior which is then used in the estimation of parameters for the VAR process of clipped and equally-sized time series. Relative model performance is assessed by forecasting ability of resulting models gauged by mean absolute scaled errors (MASE). For illustration purposes, we employ time series from the Georgian economy and find that resulting (Bayesian) VAR models on average perform 7% better than standard alternatives with the same set of variables.

A Bibliometric Study upon Auditor-Client Negotiation Aspects

Author(s): Ovidiu Constantin Bunget,Anca Diana Sumanaru / Language(s): English Issue: 167/2022

Financial reporting literature indicates a research gap regarding the topic of auditor-client negotiation (ACN). Thus, the current paper seeks to present the concept of ACN from a literature review perspective. Further, the research is organized in two main sections, namely: (1) the qualitative analysis, based on previous studies in the field of ACN and (2) the quantitative analysis, which involves the use of specific indicators, such as: level of citations per year, region/ country, journal type etc. Then, the study evolves into new insights and discussions upon the impact of literature review on auditor-client negotiations. Overall, the authors used an extensive analysis of 37 publications collected from Web of Science, selecting the most relevant literature in the fields of business, finance, management, social sciences, and ethics, during the period 1975- 2022. Results show that the concept of ACN is being debated in top journals, totalizing no less than 602 citations, and recording an H-Index of 16. Further on, 8 top journals were identified with more than one publication in the sphere of auditor-client negotiation (ACN), 10 authors that have written at least two papers related to ACN, and not least 7 articles with top citation levels. All the 37 literature sources bring an extensive contribution to the development of ACN concept and represent the background for building new insights and prospective research. The present study has practical implications, as defining the background of ACN helps practitioners to find efficient solutions to their everyday challenges.

A Binary Logistic Regression Model for Support Decision Making in Criminal Justice

Author(s): Kateryna Berezka,Olha Kovalchuk,Serhiy V. Banakh,Stanislav V. Zlyvko,Roksolana Hrechaniuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Research background: The economics of incarceration is having an increasing impact on the economies of the world due to the rapid growth in the number of prisoners in the world The search for effective solutions that can help reduce government spending on prisoners in penitentiaries and at the same time ensure the safety of society is becoming increasingly important. These studies used the method of binary logistic regression to predict the probability of convicted criminal recidivism in the future. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to build an effective forecasting model that, based on the statistical and dynamic data of convicts, will provide information for optimal post-trial decisions, such as the grounds for possible parole, probation or length of sentence. Research methodology: The data were collected on the basis of statistical data of 13,010 convicts serving sentences in penitentiary institutions in Ukraine. To predict the probability of convicts committing criminal offenses binary logistic regression and ROC-analysis (Receiver Operator Characteristic analysis) were used . Results: A qualitative binary logistic regression model has been constructed, with the help of which it is possible to predict the probability of criminal recidivism by each of the convicts on the basis of its individual values of the variables included in the model. Novelty: For the first time in Ukraine, a model has been developed to predict the probability of convicts committing repeated criminal offenses.

A composite indicator for economic integration maturity: the case of Western Balkan countries

Author(s): Viktória Endrődi-Kovács,Oleg TANKOVSKY / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Montenegro and Serbia are on track to join the EU, followed by other Western Balkan countries. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate these countries' economic integration maturity. The analysis covers the period between 2006 and 2019. The main questions concern the evolution of Western Balkan countries during the last 15 years, the results that have already been achieved, and the weakest points of their potential accession. The paper suggests that, although these countries are about to fulfil the economic criteria, they are not fully prepared to join the EU from an economic perspective as they face significant challenges in terms of integration maturity. To endorse this suggestion, the paper forms a new composite indicator to provide a comprehensive understanding of the recent development of these countries' functioning market economy, competitiveness, macroeconomic stability, convergence, and financing ability. Results can contribute to the integration theory and enlargement decision-making.

A Conceptual Approach for Industrial Internet of Things Assessment

Author(s): Luben Boyanov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a new paradigm that fundamentally changes the current patterns and activities in industry. The new Digital revolution transforms all sectors of human activities and production. IIoT has numerous architectural, business, technological, social and consumer perspectives. This paper looks at some reference architectures, connectivity issues, business aspects and security topics of IIoT. Those domains are looked at with their most important subdomains into a framework that can allow an architect or end user to make a quantitative assessment of a IIoT. The proposed approach uses expert evaluation of the main domains and subdomains from a reference IIoT architecture, which are then used to obtain an overall IIoT assessment.

A DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW OF STRUCTURAL AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS IN GREEK INDUSTRY

Author(s): Konstantinos Goulas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

According to the majority of the Greek economic researchers, the big recession in Greece as well as other Southern European countries came as a result of the former choice of policies. Following this opinion, governing strategies adopted within the last decades and the historical context led to the deindustrialization of the Greek economy. As a consequence, an unsustainable social development in the future was created. Moreover, factors such as the quantity and the size of businesses, the technology used, and investments are described in correlation to the country’s current inferior state. Furthermore, the basic argument that comes from the findings of this review is that new policies and institutional strategies need to be adopted in the Greek industrial sector. Undoubtedly, the demand for the change of these policies in accordance with new planning on productivity will enhance the developing role of the Greek industrial sector.

A look at the city of Fortaleza from the perspective of NBR ISO 37120:2017

Author(s): Francisco DE ASSIS SOUZA ALEXANDRE,Maria Elisa MARCIANO MARTINEZ,Marcello CARVALHO DOS REIS,Patrícia CARVALHO DOS REIS,Auzuir RIPARDO DE ALEXANDRIA / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

This article presents, for the city of Fortaleza, the result of the indicators of five of the seventeen sections of the standard NBR ISO 37120:2017 - “Sustainable Development of Communities - Indicators for urban services and quality of life" which establishes an international standard of key indicators and encourages communities to become more proactive, ensuring that stakeholders develop and implement a management system suited to the needs of each region. This standard, launched in 2014, defines the methodology for a set of 100 indicators, divided into 17 sections, which address social, environmental and economic aspects of cities. The five sections chosen for this work were: education, health, security, shelter and transport, since they are key areas for the development of any city. Fortaleza's results, in each of these sections, are discussed and compared with those of 58 other cities available through the World Council on City Data (WCCD) database. It is, therefore, an unprecedented study, since there is no related work in the literature for the chosen city. As a result, it can be seen that, of the 31 indicators evaluated in this work, Fortaleza was below the average of the cities certified by the WCCD in 19 indicators, above the average in 7 indicators and it was not possible to calculate another 5 indicators. It is also evident that in all the sections studied there are critical points that must be evaluated by the public power for the treatment and consequent improvement of urban services and quality of life of the population of Fortaleza.