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Analiza krize francuskog franka
Extract from the issue 1/1938 of the journal Znanost i život
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Extract from the issue 1/1938 of the journal Znanost i život
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In the article the mechanism of tax certificates, allowing time to replenish the local budget through property taxation, to encourage taxpayers to tax compliance, promote investment and improve the liquidity of tangible assets in the region. Proved tax certificate has considerable potential for the formation of additional revenues of local budgets in Ukraine.
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Confirmed by their economic nature income tax is a form of payment for public services provided by local government in the territory. Income tax in Ukraine is the main financial resource for local governments. In terms of decentralization of public administration in Ukraine continues to implement the centralization of budgetary resources from income tax for individuals in need as soon as possible solutions.
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Slovakia combines a high energy dependence with high energy intensity and relies on energy imports, mostly from Russia. However, in recent years this Central European country has made progress in terms of building interconnections in the gas sector, and market coupling in the power sector. Diversification is now possible for gas as well as oil supplies. Slovakia now faces a different challenge: to preserve its role as a gas transit country, and to resume its role as an electricity exporter. As the spectre of Nord Stream 2 looms over Slovakia, the country is looking for opportunities to offset the negative effects of the offshore project. The transmission system operator Eustream, owned by the government at 51 per cent, is seeking new business opportunities. It has been successful in transporting increased volumes of gas to Ukraine, thanks to the reverse flow. It has been much less successful, however, in selling its new pipeline project, Eastring, to Romania, and in pursuing an interconnection with Poland, an LNG import country. In the meantime, both Eustream and the Slovak government seem to be approaching a compromise with Moscow, which will allow Slovakia to continue transporting Russian gas westwards despite Nord Stream2. It was Poland, however, who made the game-changing decision on the project of Gazprom and its Western partners. The Polish competition authority effectively suspended the joint consortium, complicating the operational and financial prospects of the project.
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Rok 2015 bol v Európskej únii poznačený krízami. Bolo ich hneď niekoľko naraz – menová, migračná, kríza solidarity, integračná kríza – a počas celého roka vytvárali nestabilné politické prostredie, v rámci ktorého členské štáty vrátane Slovenska museli pôsobiť. V tomto kontexte a pod tlakom okolností sa postoje členských štátov značne rôznili. V roku 2015 možno v prípade Slovenska hovoriť o zvýšenej asertivite krajiny v otázkach európskej politiky. V rámci takmer dvanásťročného pôsobenia ako členská krajina Slovensko nikdy nezohrávalo takú výraznú rolu vo formovaní opozície voči európskym iniciatívam. Išlo najmä o migračnú krízu, v rétorickej rovine to bola aj kritika reštriktívnych opatrení EÚ voči Rusku. Pri nemenej dôležitej situácii s hroziacim bankrotom Grécka a možnosťou jeho vystúpenia z eurozóny Slovensko zastávalo jedno z najstriktnejších stanovísk, tentoraz však v súlade s postojmi väčšiny členských štátov.
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Rok 2015 mal byť znova o Grécku, ale nakoniec ekonomika pripravila aj iné prekvapenia. Od prvého januára 2015 získala eurozóna 19. člena – Litva sa napriek čoraz vlažnejšej podpore eura medzi obyvateľmi akýmsi samospádom do eurozóny dostala. Oveľa väčšie napätie však bolo cítiť v súvislosti so zmenou počtu členov smerom dole.
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Udalosti v Kyjeve, na Kryme, v Donbase a prepad cien ropy v roku 2014 spôsobili globálne problémy, ktorých následky si možno len domýšľať. Finančný kolaps Ukrajiny sa zdá byť nevyhnutný. Pár mesiacov po bombastickej zimnej olympiáde v Soči (ktorá stála toľko čo všetky zimné olympiády dokopy) sme svedkami rovnako bombastické- ho spľasnutia „uhľovodíkovej“ bubliny, ktorá má potenciál stiahnuť nielen Rusko, ale aj Venezuelu, Nigériu či ťažobné sektory vo vyspelých krajinách. Problémy Európy s jej percentami HDP hore-dolu okolo národných deficitov sa aspoň načas zdali byť detskou hrou. Napriek tomu všetkému však na záver roka 2014 vývoj v Grécku a Európe pripomenul rok 2010 a jej vlastné vnútorné starosti. Už bezmála zabudnuté témy sa vrátili ako bumerang. Pritom rok 2014 už vyzeral takmer ako rok zmeny k lepšiemu, aspoň čo sa (nielen) dlhovej krízy týka.
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V septembri 2012 sa v médiách pripomínalo výročie krízy aj na politickej úrovni. Štyri roky predtým skrachovala štvrtá najväčšia investičná banka v USA Lehman Brothers, nasledoval prudký prepad ekonomiky v západnom svete, záchrany viacerých bánk a v roku 2010 dopadla kríza naplno aj na verejný sektor. Grécko muselo požiadať o pomoc po tom, ako vyšli najavo jeho zahmlievané deficity. Pol roka nato nasledovalo Portugalsko a Írsko.
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The social responsibility of small and medium-sized enterprises, regarded as the implementation of activities that benefit both business and society and help to maximize the positive impact of business on society, is a current and less explored topic. The article presents the results of the study of three aspects of the manifestation of corporate social responsibility in Bulgaria – the employment of young people and disabled persons and the training of employees. The author’s views of the impact of the social activities of companies on their competitiveness are revealed.
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In this article, the subject of research is the impact that globalization has on leadership in multinational companies. The main types of leadership that can be applied in a multinational company are defined with their specifics, benefits and problems – are defined. For this purpose, the model of five determinants (5-D model) by Heerte Hofstede for the measurement and comparison of national cultures and the leadership approach related to talent management is presented. On this basis, own assessments, conclusions and recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of management in a multicultural environment are formulated.
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Social responsibility as a policy of matching stakeholder interests has many dimensions. On the one hand, it is the social responsibility of the business. On the other hand, it is the policy of the government to promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption. A third party is the individual consumer behavior predetermined by the above two in addition to psychological, cultural and behavioral factors. The purpose of this report is to support the development of policies that promote sustainable consumer behavior.
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Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. Marketing and business development have become top management practices that focus on exploring new opportunities for growth, diversification and accelerated development in tourism. Both practices focus on strategic planning, flexibility and globalization of strategy management processes, as well as accelerating company growth, generating return on investment.
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The present is a Summary of the Report on the researching strengths and weakness of Bulgaria for Digital Transformation of Industry (Industry4.0) and the ambition to become a digital hub in The Balkans. The experience and successful policies of our and other countries are presented. The report contains the following parts: Analytical socio-economic analysis, capacity analysis for scientific research and analysis of ICT potential. SWOT analysis summarizes the findings; Strategic – the strategic and operational objectives for achieving the vision; Challenges.
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Trend of fiscal decentralization, present in the member States of the European Union and countries in transition current in the Republic of Serbia.The first major step in this direction was done by passing a law regulating the financing of local government. The line with the commitment of the Republic of Serbia for EU membership, the question is to what extent is executed harmonization with the EU in this field.Comparing the current legal solutions, it can be concluded that in principle achieved harmonization with the principles contained in the European Charter of Local Self-Government. However, only the alignment with the principles of European law does not automatically providing the goals to be achieved by fiscal decentralization.
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Autor zarysowuje przewidywalne kierunki rozwoju linii lotniczych, zarówno tradycyjnych, jak i niskokosztowych.
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Autorzy zaczynają od przedstawienia krótkiej historii portu lotniczego Katowice w Pyrzowicach oraz historii Górnośląskiego Towarzystwa Lotniczego SA. Następnie prezentują rozwój ruchu pasażerskiego, ruchu cargo i siatki połączeń w tym porcie w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku, a także formułują prognozy rozwojowe w tych zakresach. Następnie odtwarzają rozwój infrastruktury portu od 1994 do 2010 r. oraz naświetlają plany rozwoju infrastruktury do roku 2032. Jednocześnie analizują wpływ infrastruktury na zdolności usługowe portu. Wreszcie skupiają się na efektywności Górnośląskiego Towarzystwa Lotniczego SA.
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Artykuł otwiera zarys historii Portu Lotniczego na Ławicy. Następnie autor charakteryzuje infrastrukturę lotniczą w porcie (płaszczyzny lotniskowe i zabudowę kubaturową), a także przedstawia cele planu inwestycyjnego. Prezentuje także strukturę ruchu pasażerskiego w porcie (w tym profil pasażera na podstawie badań własnych), rozwój ruchu lotniczego, strategię cenową względem przewoźników, a także wpływ lotnisk berlińskich na rozwój ruchu lotniczego w poznańskim porcie lotniczym.
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Bulgaria has been caught between the EU’s net-zero carbon ambitions for 2030 and 2050 and the country’s slow democratisation and diffusion of renewables and energy efficiency. To develop effective policy measures, the Bulgarian government needs to draw evidence-based consistent decarbonisation pathways for each economic sector with annual targets for continuous monitoring. This is especially true considering that there is so far little connection between the government’s own strategic documents (i.e., the 2030 National Development Programme, the National Recovery and Resilience Plan and the National Energy and Climate Plan) and the EU’s long-term objectives for a low-carbon transition. This Policy Brief plots Bulgaria’s options along three scenarios with a 2050 horizon using an innovative decarbonisation transition modelling instrument, called The Calculator. It helps bridge the gap between the complicated integrated climate and energy models and the practical dilemmas of policy-makers preparing Bulgaria’s long-term decarbonisation strategy.
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