CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Podatek od niektórych instytucji finansowych – geneza, założenia a skutki fiskalne i gospodarcze

Author(s): Aneta Chodakowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The main aim of the paper is to present the legal basis for the tax on certain financial institutions in Poland, as well as its fiscal and economic consequences. It also identifies and compares the reasons for taxing the financial sector in Poland with those in other countries. Methodology: The paper contains critical analysis of the literature, which is followed by the data analysis. Findings: The primary reasons for implementing the tax in European countries were anti-crisis measures. In contrast, in Poland, the main aim of taxing financial institutions was to secure additional sources of financing for budget expenditures as well as to increase and equalise the tax burdens of financial institutions towards society. The effectiveness of achieving this goal remains unclear due to the tax incidence mechanisms that were triggered immediately after the new regulations came into force.

More...

Finanse w erze radykalnej niepewności i wiedzy niedoskonałej

Author(s): Stanisław Flejterski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The main goal of this chapter is to present the factors influencing broadly understood finance, both as a reality and the science of finance, which is part of the discipline of economics and finance. The global crises in 2007–2009 and 2020–2023 influenced various changes both in the real sphere, with geopolitics at the forefront, and in the intellectual sphere. Recent years have been a cumulation of several crises at the same time: pandemic, war, energy, climate, demographic, migration, inflation and financial crises. Methodology: Three categories are used for description and analysis: radical uncertainty, imperfect knowledge and resilience. Based on literature studies, the author shows the directions of the desired evolution of the science of finance. Findings: The existing traditional approaches require modifications and supplements. Future finance should be heterodox rather than orthodox and characterised by interdisciplinarity and contextuality.

More...

Polityka stóp procentowych NBP a stopy zwrotu z sWIG80 i WIG20 w latach 1995–2023

Author(s): Eryk Łon / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the chapter is to answer the question of whether the NBP interest rate policy has an influence on the rates of return on the sWIG80 and WIG20 indices. The chapter examines what rates of return on both stock exchange indices can be expected in periods of expansive and restrictive NBP monetary policy. Methodology: The chapter uses selected tools of quantitative methods as well as structure analysis tools, including the arithmetic mean and median. These methods make it possible to assess the connections between monetary variables and the situation on the Polish stock market in the segment of small and large companies. Findings: The chapter creates two investment strategies: playing on the increase of the stock index and playing on its decline. The former strategy is worth using in periods of expansive NBP monetary policy, whereas the latter in periods of restrictive NBP monetary policy.

More...

Systemy gwarantowania depozytów a stabilność finansowa w świetle doświadczeń okresów niestabilności systemowej z 2008 i 2023 roku

Author(s): Ewa Miklaszewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The experience of systemic instability in March 2023 showed that a high level of retail deposit insurance is not sufficient to preserve financial stability, triggering reflection on the need for a new deposit protection policy. Therefore, the purpose of the chapter is to analyse the work currently underway, particularly the reform proposals published in 2023 by IADI, FDIC and the EC. Methodology: The chapter includes a literature review of deposit insurance schemes and a critical assessment of current proposals for their modifications. Findings: The chapter develops the claim that, given the current characteristics of financial markets and accelerated technological development, it is necessary for the preservation of financial stability to expand the scope of deposit guarantees, covering both a larger group of eligible entities and types of accounts, including addressing the problem of large deposits.

More...

Metapersonalizacja finansów osobistych w Polsce

Author(s): Jan Krzysztof Solarz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to propose conceptual framework of personalisation in digital finance. Methodology: The author uses a comparative study of universalism and particularism in personal finance in Poland. Findings: The main factors of the generational difference are technology and financial innovation. They support particularism and critical experience. Studying personal finance through a generational lens is a highly insightful approach in Poland. Social media and big data enable practical use of metapersonalisation in personal finance in Poland.

More...

Podatek od deszczu w Polsce jako przykład podatku środowiskowego

Author(s): Maciej Szczepkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This study presents the role of environmental taxes in the budgets of European Union countries based on Eurostat data available in August 2023. First of all, the chapter presents current areas of study that researchers are dealing with in the context of environmental taxes and fees in Poland and around the world. Next, the author discusses the main assumptions of the rain tax in accordance with the 2017 Act and the proposed changes in this respect, which have not yet entered into force. Methodology: The study is based on the analysis of the literature on the subject and the provisions of tax acts, supported by Eurostat data on environmental taxes and fees. Findings: Green tax reform is currently a promising economic tool in solving both environmental and social problems in many European Union countries and the world’s most developed economies. The experience of various countries shows that it can be a source of income, making up for missing public funds in the budget. One of such ideas in solving these problems is introducing modifications to the so-called rain tax. Systemic solutions regarding rainwater retention are undoubtedly necessary. However, taking into consideration the multi-billion costs of this type of investment and comparing them with the potential budget revenues from the rain tax, it is not significant enough to make a difference.

More...

The European Union’s Approach to Artificial Intelligence Regulation

Author(s): Marisa Almeida Araújo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European Union (EU) is emphasizing regulatory efforts on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI-based systems and tools, aiming to not only lead the digital era but also shape Europe’s digital (sustainable) future. Either a soft-law approach and hard-law responses to AI are clearly part of the EU’s digital strategy. Although the arena in which AI is moving can be treacherous, is also highly seductive and impossible to escape from. Finding a balance between a precautionary approach and promoting evolution and technological development is not always easy, especially when dealing with confronting interests, i.e., different regulatory levels, enforcement and compliance, social and economic asymmetries, and cultural differences, besides the transformation in people’s lives and the impact in the future generations. The paper analyses some challenges – legal and ethical – concerning the use of AI and AI tools. In particular, considering respect for fundamental rights and freedoms, nondiscrimination, quality and security, transparency, impartiality, and fairness, and “under user control”, and the EU regulatory responses to the risks. The aim of the paper is to offer some insights into the hard and soft law responses of the EU to the topic, and the strategy adopted to AI regulation.

More...

Financial Integration and the European Union

Author(s): Mariya Yaneva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Financial integration within the European Union (EU) is a complex and multifaceted economic and political process that has far-reaching implications for EU member states, economic actors and the global financial landscape. This research explores the progressive steps taken by the EU to harmonize financial markets, possible regulations and institutions, creating a single financial market known as the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

More...

Is There a New Momentum for the Development of the Euro?

Author(s): Kaloyan Simeonov,Slaveya Vasileva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

After the establishment of the euro in 1999, the single currency became the second most important currency in the global markets. However, the euro has never been the single currency of the whole EU as there are always Member States of the Union that do not belong to the Euro Area. In the paper we will argue that there is a new momentum for the development of the euro both internally at EU level and globally. The internal development of the Euro Area has two main dimensions – current Euro Area enlargement as well as financial and EU economic reforms that are targeted specifically to the Euro Area. The global development of the euro is linked with the current global political and economic challenges. Last but not least, the development of the digital euro will also increase further the role of the single currency inside and outside of the EU.

More...

International Business in the Fragmentation and Transformation of the Global Economy

Author(s): Iliyan Sarandaliev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Multinational companies, which plan to continue their work in confronting countries, should adapt their activities in order to meet the requirements of the various markets in which they operate. The process of fragmentation and transformation of the global international relations sharply increases the political risk, which is substantial part of the overall risk structure of the multinational companies. The purpose of this research is to derive an up-to-date definition and manifestation of political risks as a major risk affecting the activities of the multinational companies in contemporary conditions. The methodology of the research is a desk research and analysis of the existing papers, related on political risks for the recent years. The conclusions include summary of the main reasons increasing the political risks for the multinational companies, as well as the main forms of influence and appearance.

More...

Studying the Functioning of International Trade Chains for Fast-Moving Consumer Goods in Different Markets

Author(s): Tonya Petrusheva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The intensive development of the processes of internationalization and globalization has a direct impact on the economies of all countries around the world, including and the FMCG sector. In this regard, the expansion of international trade chains and their role as active participants in the value chain is considered. The main goal of the current research is to follow the implementation of the commercial policy of the international trade chain “Lidl”, and its operation in the markets of Bulgaria and Finland. To achieve this goal, the following research tasks are set: to make an integrative review of the literature on the nature of trade chains; to clarify the role and importance of the FMCG sector as the most dynamic and competitive; to compare and analyze empirical data of the achieved results in the two countries in question. The main methods used in the report are: observation, induction, deduction and comparison, and the research will find applicability in the field of international business. The conclusions show certain similarities, but also differences regarding the commercial policy implemented by “Lidl” in the markets of the two countries.

More...

Sustainable and Inclusive Transformation of the Bulgarian Rural Areas: Challenges and Prospects

Author(s): Svetlana Aleksandrova-Zlatanska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European Green Deal, the “Farm to Fork” strategy, the Long-Term Vision for EU Rural Areas - 2040 are key strategic documents that set out the goals for improving the economic and social well-being of people and for the efficient use of natural resources in rural areas. The processes of urbanization and deterioration of the demographic structure in rural areas deepened the regional imbalance in Bulgaria. Consequently, there is a need to change the traditional model of development to a new one based on digital technologies. The aim is to analyze the extent to which the goals for sustainable, inclusive and carbon neutral development of rural areas can be achieved in Bulgaria.

More...

Synergy between The EU and Korea in Navigating The Environmental Stewardship

Author(s): Hannah Kang / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This report examines the EU’s global role in environmental stewardship, driven by its regulatory influence in corporate transparency. Korea, as a key strategic partner to the EU, is analyzed for its synergy with the EU in building green economies. The report focuses on the synergy between the EU and Korea in building green economies and analyzes the Green Deals of both the EU and Korea, the FTA, and their Green partnership. By utilizing quantitative and qualitative analyses of agreements and policies, the report identifies challenges and opportunities, offering future recommendations. On the one hand, the EU’s Sustainable Financial Disclosure Regulation and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive are analyzed as models for accelerating Korea’s divestment in foreign coal powered projects. On the other hand, this paper explores Korea’s leading role in hydrogen technology as a benchmark model for EU’s green Research and Innovation . In conclusion, the report underscores the symbiotic EU-Korea relationship in a global environmental stewardship, fostering mutual learning, collaboration, and innovation for a sustainable global economy. This report serves as a foundation for future research in these critical areas of global environmental dynamics.

More...

The Transformation of the Business Model in the Process of the Transformation of the Economic System on the Road to Sustainability: European Perspective

Author(s): Bistra Boeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the transformation of the business model in the process of transformation of an economic system on the road to sustainability. The objective of the paper is to prove the transformation of the business model of companies in EU Member States due to the establishment of the new regulation framework on sustainability. The author’s previous researches on corporate governance and sustainability, sustainable Global Value Chains and corporate sustainability,2 as well her personal involvement in various consulting activities gradually determined the abovementioned topic of investigation. Although it was established that a limited number of scholars study the above phenomenon some findings in their publications have enabled the development of a conceptual framework of this paper. The first part the paper encompasses the results of the literature observation. The focus of the second part is on the EU regulation framework on sustainability. In the third part of the paper the transformation of the business model is analysed. Through the lens of good practice, some very interesting findings are revealed. The conclusion includes the findings of the study, the author’s contribution and the path for the further study.

More...

Bulgaria‘s Investment and Trade Position in 2023

Author(s): Monika Moraliyska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper explores the investment and trade position of Bulgaria in 2023. It analyzes its investment climate, trade position and dynamics, and conducts a SWOT analysis of the Bulgarian investment climate. The author also discusses the potential for increasing foreign direct investment (FDI) in the country. By analyzing these aspects, the research paper aims at providing a detailed insights into Bulgaria’s economic prospects and opportunities for both domestic and international investors. The methodoly includes descriptive and comparatable analysis, statistical data analysis and desk research of acknowledged international rating concerning investment climate.

More...

Foreign Exchange Market Dynamics in Bulgaria in the Period 2018 – 2022

Author(s): Aglika Kaneva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper, the turnover of the foreign exchange market in Bulgaria has been examined. The structure of the foreign exchange market turnover by instruments, by currencies and the foreign exchange market turnover by counterparties for the period 2018 - 2022 have been studied. A comparative analysis of the indicators has been made.

More...

Promotion of Cross-Border Commercial Mediation

Author(s): Nedyalka Alexandrova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The report argues the benefit of using mediation as an alternative dispute resolution form in international business, but also as an underlying conflict resolution tool. The main international initiatives aiming rising in mediation attractiveness and promoting its application are summarized. As a main obstacle is shown the lack of an effective possibility of enforcement the mediation agreements.

More...

Cross-Cultural Marketing Strategies: Bridging the Gap in International Management

Author(s): Brunela Trebicka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the role of cross-cultural marketing in international management and marketing, focusing on understanding consumer behavior and brand perception in diverse cultural contexts. Drawing upon the literature in the field, the study investigates the impact of cultural dimensions on consumer preferences, purchasing decisions, and brand perception. It explores effective strategies for adapting marketing efforts to accommodate cultural differences and foster customer engagement in international markets. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with marketing professionals. The findings emphasize the importance of aligning marketing communications with cultural values, employing localization strategies, and building authentic and emotionally resonant connections with consumers. Practical implications and recommendations are provided for firms operating in international markets. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on cross-cultural marketing and provides insights to enhance marketing strategies in diverse cultural contexts.

More...

Оценка на съществеността при отчитането на устойчивост

Author(s): Iavor Bachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

EFRAG plays a key role in sustainability reporting as it develops and submits to the European Commission draft European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). At the same time, EFRAG must enable a transparent process for the establishment, adoption and implementation of these standards, taking into account the needs of all stakeholders. In 2023, draft three guides (documents) were presented to the attention of stakeholders for discussion. The first project entitled EFRAG IG 1 Materiality Assessment contains reporting requirements on the materiality assessment and algorithm of this process. The second project entitled EFRAG IG 2 Value chain contains requirements for reporting along the value chain incl. for impacts, risks and opportunity management, as well as indicators and objectives. The third project entitled EFRAG IG 3 (DraftEFRAG IG 3 List of ESRS data points) presents the full list of detailed disclosure requirements and related application requirements in Excel format. The aim of the report is to analyze the main issues covered in the EFRAG IG 1 project: Guidelines for the implementation of materiality assessment and to try to define existing risks.

More...

Необходимост от оповестяване на информация за устойчивост от страна на бизнес организациите

Author(s): Gabriela Dimcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The research represents the essence, role and significance of the sustainability accounting concept, as well as it explores the most discussed sustainability accounting standards, namely International Sustainability Standard Board’s Standards, Sustainability Accounting Standards Board’s Standards and European Sustainability Reporting Standards. As a result, it is proved the necessity of disclosure of sustainability information from business organizations.

More...