Przyczynek do historii uproszczeń celnych w Polsce (1997–2023)

Author(s): Piotr Sienkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The study analyses the history and the peculiarities of the current system of customs simplifications in Poland and offers proposals for the use of automation of customs processes as a simplification for honest economic operators to reduce the losses related to the planned cancellation of simplified procedure in export. Design/methodology/approach: general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, description); private and academic (interpretation, formal–legal). Findings: The study findings have provided argument for the critical need and relevance to find solutions ensuring the supply chain fluence and simplified movement of goods in export. The author proves that Polish customs administration should develop automated systems based on best practice that use risk management to identify cargo that pose a potential risk to security and release all other shipments for export without undue delay.

Mechanizm granicznego podatku węglowego (CBAM) w Polsce

Author(s): Patrycja Niemczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in Poland heralds a new era in environmental policy and trade dynamics. This chapter delves into the objectives of CBAM within the Polish context, examining its potential impact on the national economy, trade relations, and environmental commitments. Employing a comprehensive analysis, the chapter evaluates the methods by which CBAM aims to level the playing field for domestic industries while encouraging entities importing high-emission goods to develop and adopt rigorous carbon emission reduction strategies. Preliminary findings underscore the mechanism’s potential to bolster Poland’s green transition, albeit with reservations regarding challenges associated with the implementation of CBAM by entities importing high-emission goods and the resulting oversight and administrative sanctions. Design/methodology/approach: In the presented work, a qualitative approach was employed, focusing on the analysis of legal regulations related to the CBAM mechanism. The study is primarily based on a meticulous examination of legal documents. Additionally, an analysis of practical challenges associated with the implementation of CBAM in the context of real market cases was conducted to understand the potential challenges and benefits associated with this mechanism. Findings: During the analysis of the implementation of CBAM obligations, several practical challenges emerged that significantly impact the entities subject to these requirements. From a practical standpoint, many entities face hurdles in securing accurate data on emissions from their supply chains. This lack of readily available information complicates the process of compliance and introduces uncertainties in reporting. Another notable challenge is the ambiguity surrounding the transition period. The absence of clear guidelines or established procedures adds to the complexity, leaving these entities uncertain about the appropriate methods and sources for data collection. Addressing these challenges will require concerted efforts, clear guidance, and potentially revised strategies to ensure effective and efficient compliance.

Zakończenie

Author(s): Edyta Małecka-Ziembińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Tourism Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Bulgaria and the Neighbouring Countries

Author(s): Petya Ivanova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main aim of this paper is to analyze some key indicators determining the degree of tourism sustainability. It studies tourism sustainability indicators in Bulgaria compared with its neighbouring countries and uses an established methodological apparatus for studying tourism sustainability, developed by the World Economic Forum. The research places emphasis on an analysis of the balance in the triple bottom line of economic-environmental-social goals determining sustainability. The research methodology includes theoretical-methodological analysis, comparative analysis, empirical analysis, systemic approach. Based on the analysis carried out, the strengths of the offered tourist product in Bulgaria are highlighted, as well as the weaknesses regarding sustainability, which need improvement measures.

Права на артист-изпълнителите върху търговски марки

Author(s): Silviya Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subject of this paper is the rights of the performing artists for their names, pseudonyms and other distinctive signs of the artist such as autograph, face, name of the work, etc. A study of applied for and registered trademarks of ten world-famous performers (singers) was carried out to ascertain the presence or absence of intellectual property rights. The number of trademarks at the national, European and international level has been identified, and the goods and services in which the trademarks are registered have been extracted. The role of trademarks as a business identifier that provides their holders with identification and differentiation from other artists in the market is indicated. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated on the basis of the implemented research.

Авторскоправна закрила на традиционните културни изрази

Author(s): Polina Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Traditional cultural expressions represent the "living" cultural heritage of humanity, which is passed down from generation to generation. The study analyzes the scope of the concept of "traditional cultural expressions" in the context of the contemporary international framework of WIPO and UNESCO. The copyright protection of traditional cultural expressions according to the main international treaties and the Bulgarian Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Actis considered. The object of the research is traditional cultural expressions. The subject of the study is the copyright protection of traditional cultural expressions. The author's goal is to present the copyright protection of traditional cultural expressions as an opportunity for economic realization in the creative and cultural industries.

Изобретения, създадени от световноизвестни личности в сферата на музикалния и филмовия бизнес

Author(s): Vladislava Pacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subject matter of this paper are patented inventions owned by world-famous personalities. The nature of inventions and ways of protecting innovative products in the music and film business as inventions are outlined. Patent protection of inventions under national patent laws is identified, as well as exceptions to protection. It analyses the role of inventions as a fundamental object of industrial property, which provides its owner with a monopoly advantage and provides him with various opportunities for realization and profit. Examples are given of inventions created by world-famous personalities such as musicians, producers, and actors.

Ролята на интернет за артистите-изпълнители – икономически ползи и загуби

Author(s): Bilyana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study analyses the role of the Internet for performers by presenting the main economic benefits and losses. The Internet is seen as an environment where economic fulfilment can be achieved through the exercise of performers' property rights, as well as an environment where performers are likely to suffer economic loss as a result of the infringement of their rights. It analyses the exercise of performers' property rights on the Internet. Based on a survey, conclusions are drawn on their level of awareness of the management of their related rights on the Internet. Case law in the field is presented and suggestions are made for improving the shortcomings highlighted.

Усъвършенстване на политиката за насърчаване на дарителството и меценатството в Република България

Author(s): Ivan Nachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present paper is analyzing the Republic of Bulgaria applicable to stimulating patronage legislation, as well as the economic effect over the creative industries by its application in the economy processes. The paper includes analysis of similar applicable legislations in 7 different countries, as far as such legislations exists, and additional analysis of countries policies for stimulating patronage. Countries key performance indicators are analyzed, but in limitation for those which are relevant to the success of the creative industries. The author has given recommendations for improving the Bulgarian state policy towards stimulating patronage.

Актуални тенденции в издателския бизнес

Author(s): Jouliana Tomova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report explores the current state and challenges facing the publishing business in the context of dynamic and turbulent world processes, identified with exponential growth in information exchange opportunities and the development of Artificial Intelligence with wide-ranging but also narrowly specialized functions, the creative industries are at a crossroads . Questions about intellectual property in the publishing business, both in its theoretical, legal and technological dimensions, as well as in the purely practical applications that confront us with the multi-layered variability of everyday life, are posed with increasing urgency and sharpness. It is important to emphasize that intellectual property rights in the publishing business are a fundamental mechanism for protecting the creative efforts of authors, translators, art designers, illustrators, etc. from the fields of literature, science and the arts and at the same time provide an opportunity for economic stability for publishers and the publishing business. In this context, the management and protection of intellectual property rights plays a key role in the success of the publishing business.

Справедливото компенсационно възнаграждение при свободно използване в ЗАПСП

Author(s): Mehti Melikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the challenges in overcoming a specific deficit of the Bulgarian Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act (CNRA), preventing the collection and distribution of compensation fees for authors and publishers of any printed works, in respect of reproductions on paper or any similar medium for non-commercial purposes, under the terms of Art. 25, para. 1, item 1 CNRA. Given the free nature of the use for personal purposes under the statutory rules, it is accepted that the compensatory remuneration should be collected indirectly when it is included in the price of goods or services related to such use. In this context, account should be taken of the fairness of the mechanisms for collecting compensation remuneration and their relationship to the intrinsic nature of the use. Taking into account the nature of compensation remuneration and on the basis of available market data on the nature of the actual use, the article points to ways of finding fair compensation mechanisms and the place of authors and publishers as beneficiaries of such compensation.

Сервитути за енергийни обекти

Author(s): Gergana Boyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Easements for energy objects are distinguished by a number of characteristic features according to Bulgarian legislation. A key place among them is their nature as a type of limited property rights, which have undergone a change with the development of social relations in connection with the construction and exploitation of energy objects. As a result, a new category of easement rights has emerged, which theory and practice define as "quasipersonal". They are established for the benefit of certain persons in view of their activities, and not in view of the use of a specific property. The easements that arose during the operation of the repealed laws retain their effect if the energy objects are built in compliance with the relevant rules and norms. The Energy Act provides a special regime for the creation of these easements, as well as some restrictions related to their exercise. An essential feature is that the gratuitous exercise of easements for energy objects is permissible only as an exception, if it concerns real estate - public property.

Правна закрила на общоизвестните търговски марки и марки ползващи се с известност в страна с многомилионно население. Индийска правна система

Author(s): Mihaela Mihailova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

India is one of the few countries in the world with a definition of "well -known" in its national trademark law. India is also one of the last countries to ratify the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property. What are the legal and economic reasons for India to opt for a legislative approach for prior administrative registration of 'well-known' trademarks, given that the countries of the European Union abandoned this legal institution in their laws a decade ago?

Подобренията в съдебната практика на ВКС: особени хипотези

Author(s): Delyan Nedev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Some decisions of the Supreme Court of Cassation are examined in this article, related to special hypotheses of property improvement: impensae voluptariae, the improvements made by the owner of mortgaged property, the liability in case of transferring the property or the possession, the extinctive prescription for the claim of the tenant.

Относно задължението на държавата за осигуряване на основното право на свободно предвижване

Author(s): Vasil Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article will examine the issue of the basic obligation of the state to ensure the basic right of free movement regulated in Art. 35, paragraph 1 of the CRC in the application of Art. 162 RTL. A review of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria regarding the provision of the right to free movement will be carried out. In conclusion, a reasoned conclusion will be reached, does it contradict Art. 162 RTL of the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria. The question will be raised regarding the need for de lege ferenda of Art. 162 RTL in the part in which it covers the application to Bulgarian citizens with a foreign national license to drive a motor vehicle, issued by a country that is not a member of the European Union, or by another state party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, or from the Swiss Confederation.

Starzenie się społeczeństw w krajach Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Krzysztof Szwarc / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this chapter, a comprehensive presentation of the situation of European Union countries regarding the aging process of societies has been provided. Its aim was to present, in a synthesized form, the current state along with indicating developmental trends, discussing causes, and potential consequences. Based on Eurostat data, the state of the discussed process was identified as advanced, mainly due to demographic processes occurring in the past, but also contemporary attitudes of inhabitants, particularly in the reproductive sphere. Possible effects of the aging phenomenon were outlined, encompassing both negative aspects (such as issues in the job market or within the social security system) and positive ones (the development of the so-called silver economy). The situation of EU countries appears challenging, given the pace at which the aging process of societies is progressing, which may primarily result in a decline in the quality of life for seniors. Among the opportunities lies technological advancement and medical services development, enabling older individuals to function more easily during their post-productive years.

Incidence of Fake News Shared on Social Networks and Risk Assumed by University Students

Author(s): Carlos Arturo TORRES-GASTELÚ,Joel Angulo-Armenta / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The objective of this paper is to analyze the perception of university students towards fake news by assessing the relationship between the incidence of fake news shared by themselves within their social networks and the risk assumed by students when sharing news they do not fully trust. Quantitative study through the application of a survey using a Likert scale applied to 313 students from different careers of the Faculties of Administration and Pedagogy of the Universidad Veracruzana in Mexico. Processing was carried out with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results point out the correlation between the risk assumed and the cases of false news shared indicating the existence of cases in university students with little predisposition to inquire into the reliability of the information, and who in turn, risk sharing it anyway. The variables of sex, age, semester, and educational program do not influence the risk that students assume when sharing news. However, students who claim not to share news they distrust also share fake news they do believe in on their social networks.

Model of a Neutralised Currency and Exchange System for Central Banks

Author(s): Peter Brass / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper describes a super-neutralised complementary currency as a currency and exchange system for central banks, independent of national interests which describes our world as a finite resource. The goal is a stable, crisis-proof financial system that meets the challenge of ecological and economic sustainability. In fact, it is more a unit of measurement then money, like the primal metre in Paris, but for money. Just as a uniform measure of length is important for natural sciences and technology, a fixed reference value for money can act like a Copernican turning point and could offer many benefits. This application leads to equality of weak and strong currencies. It enables weak economies to pursue an independent monetary policy and simplifies the path to monetary unions. It prevents speculation in the system. It creates a constraint to gradually reduce trade imbalances and enables over-indebted countries to get out of the debt trap.

The Impact of Inflation and Income Growth on Non-Performing and Restructured Loans: The Case of Bulgaria

Author(s): Violeta Todorova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the relationship between non-performing and restructured loans, inflation and income growth in Bulgaria. The linear regression analysis shows that there is significant negative impact of inflation and income growth on NPLs and restructured loans for consumer credits and significant negative impact of inflation on NPLs and restructured loans for housing credits. There is no heteroscedasticity of the errors which proves that the coefficients are precise. Results show lack of multicollinearity, normal distribution of residuals and correct linear functional form of the model. However, there is autocorrelation of residuals and weak explanatory power. For improving the explanatory power of the linear regression model, more explanatory variables should be included - bank-specific, macroeconomic and institutional determinants.

Cashless Payments in Bulgaria - Development, Regulation and Integration into the Euro Area

Author(s): Petar Chobanov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this study is to present an analysis of selected indicators of cashless payments in Bulgaria. The main activities in the process of integration to the euro area as well as changes in regulations at the EU level are examined. The main thesis is that non-cash payments are continuously increasing, both in number and in total value, due to technological changes, the development of EU regulations, as well as the integration of the Bulgarian payment infrastructure to that of the euro area. The number of credit cards as well as POS terminals has increased significantly. The number of credit transfers and card payments increased several times, with positive dynamics also characterising payments initiated via the Internet through both instruments. Similarly, the total value of payments is also developing and the trend is expected to continue in the future.