Słownik Gwar Śląskich, tom I (A - BECZKA)
"Glossary of Silesian Dialects" is the result of many years of scientific work of several generations of linguists from the Silesian Institute in Opole, Poland.
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"Glossary of Silesian Dialects" is the result of many years of scientific work of several generations of linguists from the Silesian Institute in Opole, Poland.
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In this work stylistic and expressive features, textual structures and some linguistic features of medieval Croatian literature are compared with the text of The Sermons of fra Matija Divković (1616). In addition, Divković’s models borrowed from local Croatian literature are analyzed. Noted similarities and differences regarding the style of medieval literature, the structure of a text, and the textual cohesion of the medieval texts are presented.Similarities are observed between Medieval Croatian literature and the early Renaissance literature of Dubrovnik and Dalmatia.
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As the author of this paper had an active role in the recently published transcription of Divković’s Sermons and scholarly studies about this work, the author has come into contact with interesting questions regarding the potential realization of secondary iotation in Matija Divković’s literary works.To be more precise, the main question is whether it was publication practice to note potential secondary iotation as palatals /ļ/ and /ń/ or as non-fused sequences /l/ + /j/ and /n/ + /j/. The authors and editors of Divković’s Sermons have until now for the most part engaged in the practice of noting separate sequences, but the reasons behind such an approach have not been expounded on in literature. There are two possible and probable objections to differentiating non-fused sequences from palatals in publication practices.The first possible objection is that it is unclear which pronunciation lies behind the graphemes, and the second is that a non-fused pronunciation did not exist in Divković’s time, in other words that it is not accurate to distinguish between non-fused and fused pronunciations.
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Shakespeare’s King Lear is the third book of the new bilingual library "English Poetic Classics" by the East-West Publishing House. The bilingual format of this library provides readers with the opportunity to get deeper into the subtleties of the text regarding some of the most valuable works of English literature by comparing original text and its translation, and also to get into the specifics of poetic translation of classical works. Shakespeare’s King Lear challenges us with the magnitude, intensity, and sheer duration of the pain that it represents. Its figures harden their hearts, engage in violence, or try to alleviate the suffering of others. Lear himself rages until his sanity cracks. What, then, keeps bringing us back to King Lear? The play tells us about families struggling between greed and cruelty, on the one hand, and support and consolation, on the other. Emotions are extreme, magnified to gigantic proportions. We also see old age portrayed in all its vulnerability, pride, and, perhaps, wisdom—one reason this most devastating of Shakespeare’s tragedies is also perhaps his most moving.
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The paper presents a contrastive analysis of the use of tenses in deontic clauses in the Polish and Spanish civil codes. Deontic clauses are understood as clauses conveying deontic meanings such as: obligativity, prohibitivity, permissivity, or immunitivity. In both civil codes, deontic clauses can be either in the present or in the future tense. The use of these tenses, however, is different in each text. The author discusses in which situations a given tense is used and analyses possible influences of the tense change on the meaning of the whole clause.
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In her chapter on the transcription of the names of Czech cities in Russian texts, Stanislava Adámková covers the problems surrounding the absence of a unified standard for the use of Czech names in Russian texts. The absence of a set standard leads to very arbitrary usage for proper nouns, which makes international communication more difficult. The author aims to summarize the results of research by Czech and foreign experts and, using these together with her own research on practical examples of transcribing the names of Czech cities, to help beginning translators and other participants in the international community correctly use Czech proper nouns in Russian texts. This contribution acquaints the reader with the primary methods for transferring Czech toponyms into Russian, and includes, in a simple table, a guide to transcription of Czech names into Russian.
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In the next chapter, Eva Mikulková makes use of the linguistic deficiencies in a Czech-language Slovenian travel guide named Slovinsko (Baedeker, Praha 2008) to point out the typical mistakes in the declension of Slovenian city names and other toponyms (and rarely also anthroponyms) that a Czech speaker may encounter. The author summarizes here all existing rules for declining foreign toponyms and anthroponyms, and applies these general rules to Slovenian names. In addition to matters of declension, Mikulková also covers the question of whento use a name's original form vs. the Czech one.
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In the Mexican Spanish there is reflected an ample cultural diversity of national territory and its rich linguistic variations. Owing to a great number of substrata and adstrata of native languages the Mexican talk figures among the geolinguistic variants which offer heterogeneity. Its research has undergone a number of peripetia. At present it is possible to see some tendencies that become more and more important. There are analyzed various issues in this paper that are in the center of the current research interest: languages in contact, either autochthonic or English; the issue of a study within lexicological and lexicographical areas from the diachronic and synchronic point of view as well as corpus linguistics that is being applied with a higher intensity.
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In this paper is analyzed from a contrastive approach the expression of motion in Spanish and Slovak putting emphasis on Spanish motion verbs ir, venir and llegar that cause great difficulties both to teachers and students of Spanish as to translators and interpreters. In this paper we mention the reasons why errors in using these three verbs occur and we explain the origin of them.
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本研究では、日本語のノダ形式、特にその疑問形式であるノカ 形式についてトルコ語との対照を試みる。先行研究で指摘されてい るとおり、ノダ・ノカ各形式は疑問のスコープの拡大、またある文 と先行する背景や文脈との関連付けを行う機能を有している。この ことは、トルコ語でも疑問文に見られる現象であるということを本 稿では指摘する。したがって、ノダあるいはノカは、トルコ語を母 語とする日本語学習者にとっても習得が困難であるということを必 ずしも意味しない。しかし、実際の指導においては「なぜ(どうし て)」疑問詞を伴う際にノダを伴わないという誤用が見られるため、 文法指導においては上述の疑問詞とノカ形式が呼応関係にあること を強調する必要があると本稿では主張する。また本論文では、「なぜ(どうして)」とノカ形式の呼応関係を先に導入しておき、日本 語学の先行研究の知見で指摘されている関連付け等の機能について は日本語の疑問詞を導入し終えたのち改めて行うことを実践上有意 義であると提案する。
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This volume features three chapters and a preface presenting the work on the project "Towards a Semantic Network Enriched with a Variety of Semantic Relations" and its results – the integration of knowledge from various semantic resources for the purpose of enriching the semantic description of verbs. The authors are researchers at the Department of Computational Linguistics at the Institute for Bulgarian Language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
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Usually, headlines are described as short, concise, elliptical, eye-catching, and understandable content. However, when looking closely, one realizes that this principle of brevity or economy is not always followed in headlines in both print media (daily newspapers) and online media (portals), such as: Florida muss seine Küsten doch nicht für Ölbohrungen öffnen (FAZ) or SDA je odgovorna što Banjom Lukom zvecka oružje kao da je 1992. (Oslobođenje), as well as Ujutro dosljedno misli jedno, popodne dosljednije misli drugo (zurnal.info). Syntactically, these headlines consist of simple, compound and complex sentences. Examining one week's headlines in the selected media showed that full-text headlines are very common. The aim of the study was to determine their frequency and structure in relation to elliptical constructions. Furthermore, it is compared whether the same tendency with long headlines can be found in Bosnian and in German.
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Diminutives are grammatical diminutive forms of nouns (Latin deminuere – reduce, lessen). In both languages there are diminutive suffixes used for diminutive forms: in German -chen and -lein, in Bosnian: -(a)k, -ance, -ašce, -ca, -ce, -čić, -čica, -ica and some other suffixes. Moreover, diminutives are often used to denote that something is cute: Hund – Hündchen, pas – psić, etc. However, in this article attention is paid to fixed diminutive forms, i.e. word forms that are lexicalized as such. These are expressions such as Kaninchen, Maskottchen, Schnäppchen, Mädchen, Veilchen, etc. It is often mentioned in the literature that diminutive formations are much more widespread in Slavic languages than in Germanic languages. This fact is examined here using the example of body part terms in both languages. It is assumed that in Bosnian, etymologically, there are many diminutives (potkoljenica, jagodica, materica, etc.), while in German the diminutives are much less common in the corpus (Zäpfchen).
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The paper deals with fused or free relative clauses, i.e. the relative clauses that have no antecedent in the matrix clause, but, nevertheless, have the clause status within the matrix clause: Gib ihm, [was er wünscht]. – Daj mu, [što želi] (Give him [what he wants]). In the matrix clause, [Gib ihm] and [Daj mu] ([Give him]), the direct object of [gib] or [daj] ([give]) is missing. The free relative clause [was er wünscht] or [što želi] ([what he wants]) becomes the direct object of the verb [gib] or [daj] ([give]). The two languages, i.e. German and Croatian, will be contrasted in the following parameters: free relative clause marker, subordinate function of free relative clause, case hierarchy of free relative clauses as well as their positional properties. The study is not corpus based, but rather a contrastive analysis of the respective parameters.
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The paper aims to develop a comparative perspective that allows the reader to explore the traces of authoritarian systems in contemporary Polish and Spanish culture. The point of departure is the research of Polish scholars from the Post-Dependence Studies Centre, who examine Polish culture with postcolonial tools adapted to the post-communist context. From there, the article attempts to formulate a methodological framework — the so-called post-transitional subaltern studies — applicable to post-Franco and post-communist culture, particularly the presence of subaltern characters in contemporary cultural texts. In accordance with the proposed methodology, the author analyses two novels, namely “Visión del ahogado” (1977) by Juan José Millás and “Czytadło” (1992) by Tadeusz Konwicki, in which it is possible to detect similar panoptic strategies concomitant with the recourse to violence.
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Languages using a pleremic writing system, from which Chinese is undoubtedly the most widespread, show a much deeper connection between language units and their graphic representations since it involves the semantic dimension. What makes the Chinese writing system a truly unique phenomenon is how its graphics capture the meaning of the represented linguistic unit. This semantic connection was primarily established through graphic components with their own meanings, so-called determinatives. Although their use was primarily associated with an effort to distinguish by graphic means the (often too many) different meanings of one sinogram, the entire system also undoubtedly provides unique insight into how ancient Chinese experienced reality. The semantic diversity of sinograms subordinated to one determinative forms a particular network of contexts with some relationship to the basic concept. This book provides a concise Czech translation of the oldest known study on Chinese grammatology Shuo Wen Jie Zi (Meaning Explanation of Primary Sinograms and Structure Analysis of Secondary Sinograms) which endeavors to reflect on the Chinese writing system as an essential bearer of Chinese culture. Based on the procedures of Chinese cultural linguistics, it adopts the author's determinative-based setting and analyses the so-called semantic profile of all the 540 determinatives by arranging sinograms into groups sharing certain semantic features
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The paper presents a study based on excerpts from eight works of contemporary fiction which focuses on the cases in which corresponding to an explicit modal expression in the original text no explicit modal expression is used in the translation. In other words, it deals with necessity explicitly expressed at the lexical level in one language corresponding to the absence of such an expression in the other language, modal verbs being considered lexical means of modality. The study attempts to classify such cases and to explain the reasons behind the choice of the particular translations, for example, lexicalization, pragmatic factors, the translation copying the original does not sound natural, etc. Root and epistemic modality are dealt with separately, but at the end of the paper the individual findings are summarized to provide a complex picture.
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The aim of this paper is to compare, contrast and discuss speech act research in twelve cross-cultural and intercultural studies presenting original findings concerning linguistic politeness. Most studies have focused on comparing English with other languages. As for the instruments, Discourse Completion Tasks/Tests (DCT) have been the most commonly used method, followed by interviews and role plays.
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This paper briefly describes the condition of multilingualism in the field of didactics of another foreign language. The mapping review focuses on some Czech and foreign researches from the viewpoint of German as a second foreign language.
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The multi-author book New Russian and Slavic Phraseology examines the diversity of the phraseological dynamics in modern Slavic languages. The authors analysed new processes, such as the emergence of new phraseological units, various changes in invariants of phrasemes and paroemias with reference to phraseological modelling, reactualization of the phraseological corpus elements in Slavic languages in new social climate. The authors studied new processes in modern phraseology in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Bulgarian and Macedonian languages, and also used facts from other European languages to complement their analyses.
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