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Review of: H. H. Hоck, B r. D. Joseph. Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship: An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin - New York, 1996. 602 p.
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This article offers a look into the controversial issue of semantics and usage of passive structures by examining evidence from Bulgarian, Russian, and English. Efforts are made to clarify the semantic differences between active and passive structures, especially with respect to the notions of “passive meaning” and “centrifugal/centripetal direction of verbal action”. Special attention is also paid to the identification of semantic and syntactic reasons for a wider use of passives in analytical languages compared to synthetic languages.
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This article discusses some of the basic theoretic and practical problems concerning the functional equivalence in compound sentences with a subordinate temporal clause, between two essential oppositions characterising respectively the French and the Bulgarian temporal system, namely the opposition between simple and complex verbal tenses in French, versus the Bulgarian opposition between imperfective and perfective morphologic aspect, whose typical manifestation is the perfective imperfect. It is pointed out that according to this equivalence, in subordinate temporal clauses, complex French tenses should be very often translated by simple Bulgarian tenses of perfective aspect.
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Review of: Л. Лашкова. Увод в сравнителната граматика на славянските езици. София, Емас, 2000. 224 с.
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The paper treats the regularities in the distribution of the verbs ima and sam in Bulgarian existential sentences from the standpoint of logical syntax. Sentences containing ima conform with typical communicative referential characteristics of existential sentences, while sentences containing sam realize peripheral models in the domain of existence. Semantic and pragmatic properties of sam-sentences are described in the comparison to similar structures with ima. Contrasts with Russian verbal and nonverbal existential sentences reveal the lack of exact parallelism between Bulgarian and Russian in the domain of existence.
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The phonemic systems of contemporary Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian have been analysed in this paper and the similarities and differences between them have been determined. For this purpose V. A. Vinogradov’s classification of the structural differences between the two languages (1972) has been used. According to this classification, in which he gives an articulate phonological interpretation, the differences between the Bulgarian and the Serbo-Croatian phonetic systems are analysed on the basis of different systems of choice, of phonemic categories and of contextual realization and of phonemes.
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Review of: C. Stamenov. Papers in English and Contrastive Linguistics. Plovdiv University Press, 2000, 136 p.
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Review of: Г. П. Нешчименко. Этнический язык. Опыт функциональной дифференциации на материале сопоставительного изучения славянских языков. München, 1999, 231 с.
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Review of: Б. Терзић. Руско-српске езикови паралеле. (Сборник). Славистичко друштво Србиjе, книга II, Београд, 1999, 370 стр.
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The present article attempts a brief contrastive analysis of Romanian and English regarding the synthetic or analytic character of the respective languages in various lexical, grammatical fields. After judging numerous instances of contrastive analysis, the author concludes that the degree of syntheticism of Romanian is much higher than that of English, which renders Romanian grammar more difficult to study than the English grammar, although the latter is far richer in compartments (for instance, it has sixteen verbal tenses, whereas Romanian grammar has much fewer). Teaching grammar with the aid of a contrastive analysis is a practical instrument for translation from and into English, and accelerates English language acquisition by the Romanian students.
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The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the linguistic landscape of two towns located on the Polish-Czech border: Kudowa Zdrój and Náchod. Their location makes it possible to attempt a comparative observation of how two levels of the linguistic landscape are created: top-down and bottom-up. It also gives the opportunity to analyze the behavior of the residents themselves and their attitude towards the neighbor’s language. The article also highlights which communication strategy is more attractive for both nations – whether communication is heading towards general globalization nowadays, and the dominant language is becoming lingua franca – English, or whether borderline influences the development of receptive multilingualism (lingua receptiva).
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The article examines the representation of the intensity of envy in the Polish, Russian and Ukrainian languages in the linguoaxiological aspect. In the description of the intensity of emotion, a quantitative and qualitative assessments can be distinguished. The scale of the intensity of envy, reflected in the compared languages, is quite wide — from low to very high manifestation of feeling. However, a very strong feeling of envy is more often objectified. The comparative analysis showed a predominant similarity in the representation of the assessment of the intensity of envy in the Polish, Russian and Ukrainian languages. Although it is possible to highlight some of the features inherent in any one language. For example, the description of a strong manifestation of envy through the image of a liquid substance is especially characteristic of the Russian language.
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in memoriam to PROF. YIN CHANLIANG (1935–2022)
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