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THE CATEGORY OF AUGMENTATION IN BULGARIAN AND RUSSIAN AND ITS RENDERING INTO ENGLISH

Author(s): Mariya Bagasheva-Koleva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Augmentative forms are very expressive and can render different evaluative attitudes with a positive or negative meaning. Languages which are rich in diminutive forms, such as Russian and Bulgarian, have also augmentative forms expressed predominantly by augmentative suffixes, i.e. synthetically. Analytical augmentative formation is also possible, but these forms lack the expressive-emotional connotation. Languages (like English), which have few diminutive but no augmentative suffixes, form augmentation analytically, i.e. by means of adjectival modifiers.

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Divkovićeva sintaksa u suvremenome i današnjemu kontekstu

Author(s): Lana Hudeček,Milica Mihaljević / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Elements of Divkovićʼs syntax – primarily constructions expressing the relationship of possession – are analyzed and commented on with reference to the time when Divković created his work, and to standard Croatian syntax. This paper shows how in Divković’s texts (and in those of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Bosnian Franciscans in general ) there are several syntactic elements which more or less diverge from the general syntactic elements of the time in all variants of the Croatian literary language (occuring under Latin influence), and are more like those of modern Croatian syntax. For example, the possessive form of the name of God,and of living beings in general (formed from appellatives) are frequently expressed in the form of an adjective, while the use of the genitive for expressing possession (formed from apellatives) are rare and most frequently used in poetic expression. This use of the genitive and possessive adjective is confirmed for expressing possession with personal names in the works of Slavonian writers from the eighteenth-century (a century after Divković).It is interesting that although Bartol Kašić does not mention the correlation between the genitive possessive and the possessive adjective in his Institutionum linguae Illyricae libri duo, equivalent Croatian adjectives formed from names and appellatives are included with the Latin genitive possessives of personal names and appellatives which signify possession.

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WH-MOVEMENT AND AUXILIARY INVERSION IN BOSNIAN AND ENGLISH ROOT AND EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Author(s): Feđa Imamović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to present and examine some of the basic and general characteristics of the syntactic operation of Wh-movement , as well as the formation of root and embedded Wh-questions in English and BCS.

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Panorama dialectal de los romances peninsulares entre los siglos XI y XV

Author(s): Janusz Pawlik / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The present paper has as a goal to present a panoramic view of the linguistic situation of the Peninsula in the Late Middle Ages. Based on written documents we are able to outline the process of evolution and the main characteristics of the five peninsular dialects descended from Latin, i. e.: Galician, Astur-Leonese, Castilian, Aragonese, Catalan. We also intend to roughly evaluate the popular opinion that it is Castilian which overtook in its evolution other medieval dialects of Latin.

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Measuring learner (mis)use: Tense and aspect errors in the Bulgarian and German components of ICLE

Author(s): Svetla Rogatcheva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The English tense-aspect system has been identified as notoriously difficult for EFL learners from a variety of mother-tongue backgrounds and proficiency levels. This is due to such factors as inadequate descriptions of tense and aspect in teaching materials or differences between the English tense-aspect system and the tense-aspect systems of the learners’ native languages. This paper examines learner use of tense-aspect forms on the basis of the Bulgarian and German components of the International Corpus of Learner English. The focus of the study is on learner misuse of tense-aspect forms and the methods to measure it. The results show that both learner groups have problems with the sequence of tenses, although their accuracy rates for the individual tense-aspect forms differ.

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Interference in advanced English interlanguage: Scope, detectability and dependency

Author(s): Susanne Kämmerer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper focuses on a multi-level approach to interference in advanced English interlanguage based on three studies using the German, Spanish and French subcorpora of the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage ( LINDSEI). The studies aimed to provide insights into: the scope of interferenceinduced errors (using the German subcorpus of LINDSEI); learner-centred identification and explanation of errors to explore the learners’ competence / performance level (using the German subcorpus); as well as the extent to which interference-induced errors occur due to congruent structures in the target language and the learner’s L1 (using the German, Spanish and French subcorpora).

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Makedonský temný vokál v lingvistickém diskurzu

Author(s): Kristýna Dufková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The article describes the problem of the “dark vowel” or schwa, which is one of the phones of Macedonian. It has been discussed among linguists whether this phone is a phoneme too, or just “a dark tone”. Even if it does not exist as a phoneme, it can be often heard in Macedonian, but in some cases it also functions as a phoneme – because it distinguishes the meaning of words. It is not difficult for Czech speakers to pronounce the schwa, but they mostly do not even know that it exists or where it is located. The schwa is not even mentioned in contemporary textbooks, but in my opinion it should be.

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Глаголскиот вид во негираните форми на императивот во македонскиот јазик и во чешкиот јазик

Author(s): Maksim Karanfilovski / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

V negativních a imperativních tvarech v textech s významem rada, doporučení nebo upozornění se v makedonštině používá v podstatě nedokonalý vid. Na rozdíl od makeodnštiny se v češtině v různých textech používají oba vidy s tím, že určitou přednost má nedokonavý vid.

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Категоријата простор во фразеологијата (македонско-руско-чешки паралели)

Author(s): Biljana Mirčevska-Boševa,Jasminka Delova-Siljanova / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

Space as one of the most important categories is ever present issue in different scientific disciplines, as well as in linguistics. In this article we present a small fragment of the category space or more preciously the phrases denoting close distance. This segment is reviewed in Macedonian, Czech and Russian language in order to perceive similarities and differences in the expression of this meaning in the phraseological material in the languages representatives of South Slavic West Slavic and East Slavic language group.

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Предлогот в/во во македонскиот јазик со временско значење и чешко-руско-српски паралели

Author(s): Roza Tasevska / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

V této práci je představena předložka v/vo s časovým významem v makedonštině, v češtině, v ruštině a v srbštině. Vysvětluje se také zvlaštní použití předložky v/vo ve spojení s dny týdne.

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Разнообразие способов выражения причинных отношений в русском и чешском языках (на материале современной прессы)

Author(s): Libuše Klangová / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with expression of causal relations in Russian and Czech languages in contemporary newspapers. Examples of causal relations were taken from Russian newspapers Metro Санкт-Петербург and Деловой Петербург. There were used Czech equivalent newspapers Metro and Hospodářské noviny for comparison. The core of the paper consisted in analysis of dependent expressions.

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Japoncadan Türkçeye Yapılan Çevirilerde Ortaya Çıkan Sorunlar: Dilbilimi Açısından Farklılıklar Üzerine

Author(s): Ümmühan Çiftçi / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Japoncadan Türkçeye yapılan çevirilerde, Japoncada sıklıkla kullanılan fakat Türkçeye aktarımı sözkonusu olduğunda çeviri sorunlarına sebebiyet verebilen çeşitli sözcük, ifade ve gramer kalıpları karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dilbilimci Berke Vardar tarafından çeviribilim1 alanındaki çeviri sorunları “Biçimsel-Sözdizimsel, Sözlüksel-Anlamsal ve Deyişbilimsel” olarak gruplandırılmakta, Japoncayla Türkçe karşılaştırıldığında da dilbilimi açısından bu sorunlar “Biçimsel, Sözdizimsel ve Anlamsal” farklılıklar şeklinde kendini göstermektedir. Bu unsurlara Dilbilgisel farklılıkları da ekleyebiliriz. Kaynak dil ve hedef dil benzer gramer yapısı özelliklerini taşımasına rağmen, Japoncadan Türkçeye yeniden yapılandırmalarda çeviri sorunları, sadece bu iki dil arasında karşılığı bulunmayan kavramların çevrilemezliği ile sınırlı kalmayıp, dillerin farklı kültür yapısına sahip olmaları sebebiyle de daha belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Japoncayla Türkçe arasındaki çeviri sorunları dilbilimi açısından ele alınıp, 2016 yılında Türkçeye çevirisi yapılmış Aya KİTO’nun “İchi rittoru-no namida” (Bir Litre Gözyaşı) adlı eserinin Japoncadan Türkçeye aktarımı süreci sırasında ortaya çıkan sorunlar başta olmak üzere, eserin örneklerine dayanılarak bu iki dil arasındaki sözcüksel ve yapısal farklılıklar ortaya konulacaktır.

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Семантични особености на степените за сравнение при някои темпорални наречия в българския и полския език

Author(s): Lilia Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with some adverbials for gradation of time in Bulgarian and Polish (especially рано/wcześnie, късно/późno). Some temporal adverbs have only formal meaning of gradation, since it vanishes in certain cases, and remains in others. We discuss the means for expressing gradation of time of the adverbs рано / wcześnie and късно /późno. These temporal expressions denote the object localization ‘before’ or 'after' a temporal localizator.

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THE SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONING OF THE INFINITIVE IN THE RUSSIAN AND CZECH LANGUAGES

Author(s): Oxana Truhlarova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article analyzes the syntactic nature of the infinitive in the comparative aspect. The goal of the study is to identify cases of divergence in the use of the infinitive as various parts of a sentence in the positional structure of a Russian and Czech sentence. Examples taken from the Russian Language National Corpus and the Czech National Corpus served as the material for the study.

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COMPARISON OF TONGUE TWISTERS IN CZECH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

Author(s): Lenka Rozboudová,Evgeniia Korneeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of Czech and Russian tongue twisters in terms of their content and structure. The initial part of the article provides a general description of a tongue twister as a part of children’s folklore. The main part focuses on specific similarities and differences of tongue twisters related to their structure and content and offers tongue twisters for practicing individual sounds in Czech and Russian.

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Comparative Czech-English analysis of written English (KAPA): Transforming linguistic expertise into a practical EAP course

Author(s): Radek Vogel,Martin Adam / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper proposes to present the design of a new course, the aim of which is concerned with the functional syntax and vocabulary in the English-Czech comparative approach. It offers students a functional comparison of the two languages in which they will be able to apply the knowledge acquired in the bachelor programmes of English studies against the background of their mother tongue, i.e. the Czech language. After completing the course the students will be able to functionally distinguish the main features of English and Czech (with the emphasis on syntactic and lexico-semantic plan in both languages) and to use this linguistic expertise practically in the production of written English or in translation. The paper outlines the key syntactic and lexico-semantic areas which were identifi ed as potential causes of interferential problems and which thus compose the core of the course syllabus.

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ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕЧИ НЕМЕЦКИХ СТУДЕНТОВ-БИЛИНГВОВ С УНАСЛЕДОВАННЫМ РУССКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ ПРИ УСТНОМ РЕФЕРИРОВАНИИ

Author(s): Veronika Wald / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This lecture deals with the typical deviations found in the oral language of students with Russian background (heritage speakers) in Germany. As an empirical data basis, we use audio files of presentations given by Russian heritage students who live in Germany for a long time. The abovementioned deviations in oral Russian and their analysis concern the following linguistic disciplines such as orthoepy, phonetics, morphology and syntax. In addition, the lecture presents the analysis of the deviations that were created under the influence of the Russian-German language contact.

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TEACHING OF RELATED LANGUAGES: MAIN METHODICAL PRINCIPLES

Author(s): Helena Kolosova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It is widely known that in methods of language teaching special attention is always paid to the interference at all language levels, so called feedback method is used as well as comparative and contrastive methods. It seems in this case to mention it could be the reason to study attentively some special methods which can help to develop language intuition which in turn will help to understand the essence of the language and to see differences and similarities of the language and culture pictures of the world. Language teaching in today's world always takes into account problems of intercultural and interlanguage communication, it is aimed at achieving effective communication and adequate understanding between participants of the communicative act who can be representatives of different cultures. In general bringing up of tolerant relation to people from another nationality, as well as getting students to know the culture of other nations should be the most important parts of any language teaching. The article will consider peculiarities of teaching of the Russian language to students using method of historical commenting based on comparative historical and diachronic methods of research (pleophony//reflection of consonants’ combinations etc.), facts of interlanguage paronymy and homonymy, comparison of cultural elements as part of linguacultural interference (ethical norms, national holidays etc), projections of verbal and non-verbal communication. When teaching Russian at university different methods can be used – traditional (visual means, text work, project work) as well as innovative which appeared as a result of IT technologies emergence (social networks and emailing).

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Таксономия на думите в три руски граматики от първата половина на XIX век

Author(s): Konstantin Kutsarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of the scientific research is to present and analyze the findings of three Russian linguists from the first half of the 19th century on a fundamental problem, related to the parts of speech. In the course of the study it was found that during this period in Russian philological science there was a purposeful research effort to update and modernize the „sacred“ hitherto eight-member division model of Aristarchus. The most valuable thing is that the three authors of grammars choose different taxonomic criteria, leading to different classifications according to the number and composition of the parts of speech.

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Адаптация на глаголни заемки от чуждестранен произход в сръбския и хърватския език

Author(s): Vyara Naydenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Many borrowings from Latin, Greek, Turkish, German and English, and Romanic languages have been taken from the Serbian (SL) and Croatian (CL) languages. In the process of adaptation of the verb borrowings to the language system, the receiving language (both SL and CL) uses different suffixes: -ова/ти, -иса/ти, -ира/ти, without fixing the combination of the considered word-formation devices as a rule. Thanks to its phonetic background and easy articulation, an increase in the frequency of the suffix -ира/ти is established not only in CL, as before, but also in SL, because this word-formation element can stand after all vowels and after all consonants, while -ова/ти (the local traditional most frequent suffix) and -иса/ти (from Greek) appear in certain phonetic (and semantic) conditions. In verb borrowings, the suffix -ова/ти serves to denote the meaning ‘I am engaged in something, I represent what is expressed by the motivating word; I spend some time in a certain place, I stay“, while the suffix -иса/ти stands out with its particular presence in verbs, borrowed mostly from Greek and Turkish, meaning professions, crafts, titles and positions.

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