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This article presents several lexical and syntactic structures characteristic of scientific texts. Markers of comparison such as être identique à, différer de, comme are one element of the analyzed structures. The proposed analyses treat phraseology in a wider context (phraséologie étendue) and are a part of a broader research on motive.
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The article examines job and professional training advertisements published in Krakow in the daily newspaper “Czas” between 1850 and 1890. The analysed material includes both: job offers and announcements of job seekers. In the education section of the newspaper the advertisements are published by schools, enterprises, teachers’ institutions and individuals ready to accept pupils for apprenticeship programs. The analysis covers the persuasive vocabulary (the role of the name of the advertiser, most common adjectives and adverbs evaluating the service), genre of the advertisement (announcement, request, letter, and all sorts of hybrid forms) as well as the grammatical level of the analysed texts (persuasive aspect of compound sentences). The analysis of the material leads to the conclusion that the advertisements published in the “Czas” newspaper between 1850 and 1890 rarely realise the persuasive function only. Their persuasive role was realised through the selection of vocabulary and genre as well as by modifying and combining features of various genres.
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The author Danuta Pluta-Wojciechowska presents certain reflections on the methods of sound elicitation. She offers the linguistic analysis, as well as, the analysis from the point of view of speech therapy of the synthetic method of sound learning providing, at same time, the example of therapy where professionals dealt with case of dental affricative sound. In the following section of the text, the relevance of linguistic knowledge and the theory of speech therapy in the course of planning the providing speech treatment was stressed.
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Critics of the standardisation of the Irish language argue that the “modernisation” of the Irish orthography has been detrimental to the preservation of the various dialects that form native spoken Irish. The effects of standardisation on Irish consequently form an important precedent for language standardisation. The potential alienation of a language’s native speakers is an outcome of standardisation that is obviously destructive for a language community that exists in a minority. The issues that surround the movement for a standardised Plattdeutsch are similar to those faced in the standardisation of Modern Irish. Since the recognition by the European Union of Low German (Plattdeutsch) as a regional language in 1998, there has been newfound momentum in the movement for its reestablishment as a unified language of Northern Germany. One of the great difficulties of this movement however is the lack of any universal orthography due to the separate nature of the language’s dialects. Given the sociolinguistic similarities of these two (albeit unrelated languages), a study of the effects of the standardisation of Irish is useful for an assessment of the possibility of a standardised Plattdeutsch.
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The article analyses the word-formation models (WFM) of the nomina habitatorum in Bulgarian and Czech. The term WFM is very similar to, but not conterminous with, the concept of word-formation type (WFT) as defined by Miloš Dokulil. WFT is understood here as superordinate in relation to WFM. WFT is defined by the same set of properties as WFM but differs from the latter according to the character of the formant; while in FM the character is physical (formal, based on sound), in WFT the character of the formant is functional and structural. The formant assigns the derivative to affixation, paradigmatic or composition word-formation pattern. As lexemes naming a person in accordance with a particular place, the nomina habitatorum constitute a subcategory within the word-formation category of nouns of belonging (nomina pertinentia). The word-formation meaning of nomina habitatorum can be represented by the paraphrase “X belongs to Y,” where X is a person and Y – a place in a broad sense.
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The term heritage language has been functioning in the relevant world literature since the late 1990s. It began to be used in Polish publications somewhat later gradually gaining acceptance in the circles of researchers, teachers and users. Its popularity ensures its broad application in various subdisciplines of linguistics – it is used not only by language educationalists, but also psycho-, ethno-, and sociolinguists. This study outlines the specificity of the notion of heritage language with particular focus on its significance in ethnic education and usefulness when differentiating between natural and cognitive bilingualism, and describing linguistic competences of users, which are largely determined by being part of a given generation of the Polish community abroad.
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The study examines the role that exemplification plays in academic discourse. As the latest approaches emphasize, discourse is an interaction activity involving as participants both the writer and the reader. In order to ensure the proper understanding of his/her message, writers make use of different discourse strategies such as reformulation, specification, generalization or elaboration. We focus on how exemplification, viewed as the satellite, contributes to the better recognition of the subject matter, which is understood as the nucleus. In the first two sections of the study, we present an overview of discourse relations which call for the use of constructions applied in exemplification. The second part, which is based on the linguistic material obtained from a close scrutiny of two classic articles from the field of linguistics and one linguistic textbook, is devoted to the description of how exemplification contributes to specification and elaboration. We try to find and describe the specific relations, for example set-member, whole-part, process-step and object-attribute which hold between the nucleus and the satellite. Finally, we attempt at listing discourse areas which call for exemplification. The study illustrates that what are known as separate discourse relations are in fact closely related.
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Language is in itself an entity of units that reflect the national identity, the traditional awareness and the particular features in which people choose to organize their daily life. Greetings remain an interesting and, at the same time, a never exhausted study domain. They express significant features of the age, the gender, the social status and the relation between people involved in communication. They also become illustrations of the geographic environment, of the historic developments and of the way the mentality is materialized in the relation between people in a given country, from generation to generation and definitely from one culture to another. The paper intends to analyze particular features of the above linguistic means that inspire cultural exchange of mentality between two very different nations.
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The present paper aims to present some literary and dialectal terms and notions related to a woman in child-birth in the Bulgarian language, considering the importance of this physiological status of women since ancient times. The relevant names are grouped and sorted by Nomination signs depending on their onomasiological structure. For the sake of completeness, the excerpted lexemes are divided into categories of word-formation and a formative analysis is made of each of them. Inferences about the productivity of formants have been made.
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The subject of unification is as vibrant as national movement even after 58 years of a fractured verdict. More than to achieve a physical conjugation it was an attempt for cultural fusion. The aspiration for linguistic unification was a part of the national discourse. The movement, which began with mystic originations, later on turned out to become communal. Political changes during 1799 A.D. and 1857 A.D. changed the fortunes of Mysore state and ultimately led to its disintegration and became the reason for this movement. The concept of unification is akin to the spirit of nationalism, against the background of colonial regime assigning parts of land to different administrative units without taking into consideration the historical or cultural aspects of that place. Kannadigas marooned in multi lingual states experiment an orphaned situation got aroused with the turn of nineteenth century. The problem precipitated by the company was diluted by British when they introduced English education. Though the positive aspect like emergence of middle class is pragmatic, rise of communalism on the other hand is not idealistic. This research paper is designed to examine the polarization of castes during unification movement of Mysore State (Presently called as State of Karnataka, since 1973, which was termed Mysore when integrated) which came into being in 1956 A.D. Most of the previous studies concentrate on two aspects viz ideological discourse and organizational strategies adopted to gain Unification. The course of the unification movement and role of Congress party dominates such studies while some of them concentrate on the leaders of the movement. Other studies are ethnographical in nature. ‘Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats’ written by Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil is a classic example. Mention may be made here of an recent attempt by Harish Ramaswamy in his ‘Karnataka Government and Politics’ which has covered almost all aspects of emergence of Karnataka as a state but communal politics during unification movement has found no place. ‘Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions within Regions’ is an edited book by Ashutosh Kumar which has articles on ‘Castes and Politics of Marginality’ where a reference is made to caste associations and identity politics of Lingayats, but the area of study is neighboring Maharashtra and not Karnataka. Though it contains two articles on Karnataka its subject matter doesn’t pertain to this topic. One more important effort is by ‘Imagining Unimaginable Communities: Political and Social Discourse in Modern Karnataka’ where the author Raghavendra Rao thinks Karnataka and India as two DOI: 10.1515/ijas-2015-0009 Brought to you by | LMBA Lithuanian Research Library Consortium Authenticated Download Date | 4/20/17 10:52 AM 196 International Journal of Area Studies 10:2, 2015 unimaginable communities and discuss primarily the founding moments of negotiation between the discourses of Indian nationalism and Kannada linguistic nationalism. It is more an intellectual history and throws light on nationalism in a colonial context. Mostly studies concentrate on either the course or the leaders of the movement. Invariably congress as an organization finds place in all studies. But the blemish of such studies is a lesser concentration on activities of major socio cultural groups. The role of socio cultural groups assumes importance because of the milieu at the beginning of 20th century which annunciated a wave of social changes in the state. It is a known fact that the movement for linguistic state was successful in bringing a political integration of five separate sub regions but failed to unite people culturally. This concept of unification which is akin to the spirit of nationalism got expressed at the regional level in the sense of respect for once own culture, language and people. In case of Karnataka this expression had political overtones too which is expressed by some who fought for it (Srinivas & Narayan, 1946 ). Most of the early leaders of unification movement (and for that matter even movement for independence too can be cited here) belonged to one particular caste, and with passing of time has led to the notion of domination of that caste over the movement. This paper tries to give justice in a limited way by giving legitimate and adequate recognition for those castes which deserves it and do away with misconceptions. Two concepts political modernization and social mobility are used. The later derives its existence from the former in this case. The data used here is primarily gained from news papers and secondary sources like books and interviews given by participants. No hypothesis is tested nor any theory is developed in this attempt but historical materials are examined in the light of modernity. The key problem discussed here is emergence of communal politics and the role of social groups in unification. Biases of regionalism, caste and class have been overcome by rational thinking.
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The paper deals with the notion of context and its typology. The author analyzes modern prints on T-shirts representing Vladimir Putin as the product conditioned by the current socio-political context. The article presents the linguistic and rhetorical methods as well as graphical representation of the image of the President of Russia in the phatic genre of public communication, which is print on clothes.
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The President Vladimir Putin has been the leader of Russian popularity rankings for years. His strong position in the international arena is emphasised by a number of awards granted by foreign magazines. The number of Facebook pages devoted to that famous politician confirms his phenomenal position in social media. This article focuses on the analysis of the Facebook image of Vladimir Putin.
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The article focuses on the description of the mechanisms, which help create a media image. It also suggests the methodology of the analysis, based on a wide understanding of the term, what assumes the inclusion into the corpus of analyzed material texts created by professionals as well as emerged spontaneously comprise the corpus of the material under the analysis. Here Internet memes, which have acquired the status of the main structural unit of media space in the contemporary studies, are the main subject of the research. Herewith the corpus of Internet memes, representing image, are viewed as an unified hypertext, that allows both to highlight and depict various aspects of the media image represented as well as to understand the structural principles of the corresponding media concepts and uncover their relation to other fragments of the collective cognitive space.
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The article focuses upon the need of media pedagogy development, a crucial element of the overall pedagogic education, yet hardly given due attention in Bulgaria. Introducing the essence of this modern scholarly field, the text zooms into media pedagogy and media literacy, both being direct consequences of media digitization and its subsequent social transformations in contemporary society.
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