Монетата и банкнотата в българската лингвокултура

Author(s): Ivo B. Panchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

The article is dedicated to the concepts of the coin and the bank note in their quality as cultural and linguistic phenomena. The understanding of Bulgarian native speakers, as representatives of Bulgarian linguoculture, about the nature and characteristics of the coin and the bank note have been analyzed based upon a variety of phraseological and other dictionary materials; the article figures out the reason why coins are more specific to Bulgarian native speakers’ recognition of the idea about money in general.

Компонентен анализ на термините за родство в българския език

Author(s): Vladimir Perikliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The paper presents an exhaustive componential analysis of kinship terms in contemporary Bulgarian. The analysis has been accomplished by the application of a specialized software, which having been fed all kinship terms and their types, establishes all componential models, including „the simplest“ one (relying on a minimal number of distinctive features and meaning components for the definition of the terms). The results of the componential analysis are compared to those obtained for other Indo-European languages by applying the same software.

Антропоморфизмът на ума в българските пословици и поговорки

Author(s): Yoanna Kirilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article is dedicated on the anthropomorphism of the mind in the Bulgarian proverbs. It is shown the cognitive metaphors of the mind as a man. The concept mind is compare with the concept heart. It is also presented the anthropomorphic features of the mind and of the heart. The article proves that the mind doesn’t possess emotionalmarks as the heart doesn’t possess mental. The study suggests the idea that the mind and the heart are two valuable components from the internal human life. They have their private life but the freedom of the mind is bigger than the freedom of the heart. On the other hand the heart is symbol of the human.

Замфира Михаил на 75 години

Author(s): Vasilka Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2013

За значението на стилистиката в обучението на бъдещите журналисти и PR специалисти

Author(s): Veselina Vateva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The basic moments of teaching in stylistics of future journalists and PR specialists from the Center of the Humanities are discussed in the article. Attention is paid to the linguistic peculiarities of the journalistic style texts. The meaning of the linguistic analysis in the teaching of the students is revealed.

Arkadiusza Żychlińskiego laboratoria antropofikcji

Author(s): Łukasz Musiał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

This article polemicizes with Arkadiusz Żychliński’s book Laboratoria antropofikcji: Dociekania filologiczne [Laboratories of Anthropofiction: Philological Investigations], but Musiał also departs from Żychliński’s key concepts. First, he reconstructs the book’s main points, especially Żychliński’s claim that a person’s natural way of interacting with themselves, others and the world is so-called fabulation (i.e. creating a story), which is why homo sapiens as a species was able to surpass the role of being an object in the evolutionary experiment and instead became a conscious subject in it. Żychliński also makes an innovative contribution to traditional philology in that he brings it into conversation with analytical philosophy and the philosophy of language (Donald Davidson), philosophy of mind (Daniel C. Dennett), developmental and evolutionary psychology (Michael Tomasello), and ethology. In the second part of the article Musiał polemicizes with Żychliński’s main points, pointing out – with reference to contemporary cognitivistic theory and the theory of the ‘embodied mind’ – the non-communicative nature of his concept of philology (in broader terms: the notion of fiction).

Eesti-läti koodikopeerimine: adaptsioon ja impositsioon

Author(s): Elīna Joenurma / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1/2016

Gordin, Michael D. 2015. Scientific Babel: How science was done before and after global English

Author(s): Krunoslav Puškar / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Review of: Gordin, Michael D. 2015. Scientific Babel: How science was done before and after global English

ВНУТРЕННЯЯ ФОРМА СЛОВА И НАИМЕНОВАНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Emiliya Agafonovna Balalykina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

Using the material of Russian or Common Slavic names, the article studies the characteristics that became the basis for naming animals. The basic ways of nomination of animals and birds (by similarity, feature, action, etc.) are defined. Bird names as a specific group of zoonyms are analyzed separately. Particular attention is paid to taboo words and synonymy within certain names of animals.

ОСКОРБЛЕНИЕ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЯЗЫКОВОГО НАСИЛИЯ В РЕЧЕВЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ

Author(s): Tatyana Sergeyevna Shakhmatova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article examines the distinction between a reasonable criticism and an insult (humiliation) in the situation of unequal social status of communication participants. Insult is considered to be an instrument of verbal aggression, used for social pressure, constraint and communicative sadism. The paper justifies the conclusion that a linguistic expert ought to take into account the conditions of a speech act, particularly the status of an insulter and an insultee and the general context of communication, when analyzing the speech act of insult.

«Наставление христианское святителя Тихона на вотском языке» 1891 г. («Ӟеч кылъёс. Святой Тихонлэн ӟечлы дышетэм кылъёсыз»): графические и вокалические особенности

Author(s): Maria Kaysina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (20)/2016

The article represents graphic and vocalic characteristics of the Udmurt written monument of the late 19th century. Taking into account these features and comparing received results with the materials of the dictionary [Wichmann 1987] and the data of the modern Udmurt dialects the author comes to the conclusion about the dialect base of the monument.

Priedēkļi kā internacionālismu „nacionalizācijas” līdzekļi

Author(s): Daiki Horiguchi / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 3/2013

Prefixation of borrowed verbs (mostly internationalisms) in Latvian is an active word-formational process, where we find the activity character of prefixation as linguistic activity and the speaker’s involvemnent in derivation of new prefixal derivatives based on analogy. We discuss prefixation of internationalisms in Latvian in contrast to the culture of language, because this question has not been enough discussed neither in aspectology nor word-formation, but only evaluated negatively in culture of language. Further we focus on two prefixes no- and pa-.Prefix no- is most productively added to borrowed verbs (40,0%) and most criticized in culture of language for its redundant accentuation of perfectivity, which is not desirable for most borrowed verbs. Prefix pa- is criticized in culture of language because it adds an unserious meaning to the action. Just like diminutives denoting some subjective evaluation besides the smallness of object, pa-verbs express the smallness of action and the speaker’s subjective evaluation.Prefixes include borrowed verbs in the lecixal system of the language, adding at the same time to the verbs certain way of recognizing the world – in these cases with no- and pa- the aspectual viewpoint and subjective evaluation – and "latvianize" therefore foreign words. Paradoxally, however, the culture of language manifests itself against this linguistic activity, because the prevalence of individualization of text (expression of aspectual opposition, expression of subjective evaluation, expressivity, creativeness of prefixation) is inherent for this kind of prefixation.

ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ФИТОНИМОВ С КОМПОНЕНТОМ КУРИЦА/HUHN В РУССКОМ И НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Elizabeta Jurievna Moiseeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

This paper is the first to comparatively analyze Russian and German plant names derived from the noun курица/Huhn. The analysis is based on studying the nominational features of plant names and involves the ethnocultural data on 56 plant names derived from the Russian noun курица and 124 phytonyms with the German component Huhn. The nominational features of Russian and German plant names have proven to be generally quite similar to some peculiar motivations. The ethnocultural idea of hen as a symbol of feminine and fertility is also expressed by the analyzed plant names in both Russian and German languages. A number of Russian and German phytonyms should be recognized as corrupt or reanalyzed forms. The reasons for their motivational uncertainty could vary from changes in the folk etymology up to mistakes made by the authors of botanical dictionaries. The nominational features of some plant names need further studying.

ЭКСПЛИКАЦИЯ И ИМПЛИКАЦИЯ ОЦЕНКИ В МИКРОБЛОГЕ TWITTER (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ СООБЩЕНИЙ УЧАСТНИКОВ ПРОТЕСТНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ «ЧАЕПИТИЕ»)

Author(s): Elena Vlaeriyevna Gabrielova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper presents the results of the investigation carried out to define the language means of implicit and explicit estimation used by participants of the Tea Party protest movement, which emerged in 2009 in the United States. According to the content analysis of Twitter messages performed with the help of the Atlas.ti software program, the main trends in the topics and linguistic devices implemented by users while expressing their opinions are defined. The data analysis shows that requests for assistance, criticism against the US president, and support of the protest movement are, as a rule, expressed explicitly. Participants often state their opinions implicitly through the use of irony, phraseological units, implicit estimation, question structures, and quotations.

ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ПОЛИЛИНГВАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА УЧЕБНОГО СЛОВАРЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ УЧЕБНОГО АНГЛО-ТАТАРСКО-РУССКОГО СЛОВАРЯ-МИНИМУМА Г.А. АРСЛАНОВОЙ И Ф.С. САФИУЛЛИНОЙ)

Author(s): Gulshat Rafailevna Safiullina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper considers the significance and fundamental aspects of the English-Tatar lexicographical school and its role in creating the multilingual Russian-Tatar-English environment. The principles of dictionary compilation at the micro- and macrolevels, which were introduced about 20 years ago, are reviewed and reconsidered. The advantages of lexicographical developments contributing to further advance in this scientific area are emphasized.

À propos de quelques structures lexico-syntaxiques du type dit comparatif dans un texte scientifique

Author(s): Alicja Hajok / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2016

This article presents several lexical and syntactic structures characteristic of scientific texts. Markers of comparison such as être identique à, différer de, comme are one element of the analyzed structures. The proposed analyses treat phraseology in a wider context (phraséologie étendue) and are a part of a broader research on motive.

Sposoby realizacji funkcji perswazyjnej w ogłoszeniach z dziedzin: praca/ nauka zawodu zamieszczanych w dzienniku „Czas” w drugiej połowie XIX wieku

Author(s): Ewelina Gajewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The article examines job and professional training advertisements published in Krakow in the daily newspaper “Czas” between 1850 and 1890. The analysed material includes both: job offers and announcements of job seekers. In the education section of the newspaper the advertisements are published by schools, enterprises, teachers’ institutions and individuals ready to accept pupils for apprenticeship programs. The analysis covers the persuasive vocabulary (the role of the name of the advertiser, most common adjectives and adverbs evaluating the service), genre of the advertisement (announcement, request, letter, and all sorts of hybrid forms) as well as the grammatical level of the analysed texts (persuasive aspect of compound sentences). The analysis of the material leads to the conclusion that the advertisements published in the “Czas” newspaper between 1850 and 1890 rarely realise the persuasive function only. Their persuasive role was realised through the selection of vocabulary and genre as well as by modifying and combining features of various genres.

Językoznawcza i logopedyczna analiza syntetycznej metody wywoływania zębowej głoski zwarto-szczelinowej

Author(s): Danuta Pluta-Wojciechowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The author Danuta Pluta-Wojciechowska presents certain reflections on the methods of sound elicitation. She offers the linguistic analysis, as well as, the analysis from the point of view of speech therapy of the synthetic method of sound learning providing, at same time, the example of therapy where professionals dealt with case of dental affricative sound. In the following section of the text, the relevance of linguistic knowledge and the theory of speech therapy in the course of planning the providing speech treatment was stressed.

“Caint na ndaoine”. Język irlandzki jako precedens standaryzacji

Author(s): Carlo Ritchie / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2016

Critics of the standardisation of the Irish language argue that the “modernisation” of the Irish orthography has been detrimental to the preservation of the various dialects that form native spoken Irish. The effects of standardisation on Irish consequently form an important precedent for language standardisation. The potential alienation of a language’s native speakers is an outcome of standardisation that is obviously destructive for a language community that exists in a minority. The issues that surround the movement for a standardised Plattdeutsch are similar to those faced in the standardisation of Modern Irish. Since the recognition by the European Union of Low German (Plattdeutsch) as a regional language in 1998, there has been newfound momentum in the movement for its reestablishment as a unified language of Northern Germany. One of the great difficulties of this movement however is the lack of any universal orthography due to the separate nature of the language’s dialects. Given the sociolinguistic similarities of these two (albeit unrelated languages), a study of the effects of the standardisation of Irish is useful for an assessment of the possibility of a standardised Plattdeutsch.

Словообразувателни модели на жителските имена (nomina habitatorum) в съвременния български и чешки език

Author(s): Tsvetanka Avramova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 51/2016

The article analyses the word-formation models (WFM) of the nomina habitatorum in Bulgarian and Czech. The term WFM is very similar to, but not conterminous with, the concept of word-formation type (WFT) as defined by Miloš Dokulil. WFT is understood here as superordinate in relation to WFM. WFT is defined by the same set of properties as WFM but differs from the latter according to the character of the formant; while in FM the character is physical (formal, based on sound), in WFT the character of the formant is functional and structural. The formant assigns the derivative to affixation, paradigmatic or composition word-formation pattern. As lexemes naming a person in accordance with a particular place, the nomina habitatorum constitute a subcategory within the word-formation category of nouns of belonging (nomina pertinentia). The word-formation meaning of nomina habitatorum can be represented by the paraphrase “X belongs to Y,” where X is a person and Y – a place in a broad sense.