Медийният политически дискурс, или как корупцията на езика еволюира

Author(s): Anton Getsov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The subject of the paper is the inevitable, utilitarian and effective symbiosis between power and language, which is a main precondition for the conversion from „language of power” to „language power”. „Cryptic language” is the basic mechanism by which „language of power” systematically and creatively modifies itself into „language power”, and corruption of language becomes corruption by language. Thus, logical, deductive, and conceptual thinking are neglected at the expense of emotions, imagination and sensory activity. This mechanism is a function of skilful and permanent interaction between media discourse and political discourse. It is an indisputable and eloquent manifestation of one of the new functions of language – realization of a hidden and intentional manipulative influence on the feelings, adjustments, prejudices, beliefs, thinking, and ultimately – on the societal behaviour.

Introduction

Author(s): Pádraigín Riggs,Ludmilla Kostova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Тенденции в използването на писмената разговорна реч при копирайтинг текстове в интернет

Author(s): Yordan Karapenchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The report explores the current tendencies in creating copywriting texts in the Internet, as well as their similarities and differences with informal, verbal communication. The report provides a definition of the copywriting text and its functions in the media environment and studies the tendencies in the creation of written informal texts. Based on this research, can be outlined three tendencies in the creation of copywriting texts. First – a tendency towards minimizations, characterized by an elision of sounds, short sentences and abbreviations. Second – a tendency towards excess, characterized by the use of multiple figures of speech and repetitions. Third – a tendency towards uniqueness, characterized by informal language, digraphia (in Cyrillic and Latin) and extensive use of internet jargon.

Фразеологизми с компонет етноним (върху материал от български говори в Бесарабия, Украйна)

Author(s): Praskoviya Ruseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Idioms containing ethnonyms found in the dialects of Bulgarian villages in Bessarabia, Ukraine, are analyzed in the article. An attempt to find equivalents in the lexicographic sources in Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian phraseology was made. The frequency of their use was studied, as well as the degree of the motivation for their nomination in the following classification.

Безлични структури със съществителното име кеф и производни от него глаголи

Author(s): Anita Todoranova-Dushkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

This article analyses the registered uses of the noun gusto in the informal speech, as well as its derivative verbs. The observation is focused on the impersonal structures of the sentence, in which these lexemes are used. An attempt has been made to describe the different (compared to the codified formal language) meaning, with which they are used in the habitual communication.

Акустичка анализа рефлекса jата у иjекавском изговору српског jезика (регионалне вариjанте)

Author(s): Aleksandra Lonchar Raichevich / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2013

The nature of ijekavian yat reflexes and by the same token, of stresses, still poses a scientific problem. Most recordings of the long yat reflexes so far are based on auditive perceptions. Founding the research on a computer experiment, this paper describes and defines the nature of the rising intonation stresses and the phonetic value of the long yat substitutes. The informants are intellectuals reliable representatives of literary (i)jekavism.

The Trajectory of Language Laws in Ukraine: Inclusions and Omissions in Naming and Categorization since 1989

Author(s): LAADA BILANIUK / Language(s): English Issue: 43/2022

During three decades of Ukraine's independence, Ukrainian has held the official status as the country's sole state language, but there have been significant shifts in the legally designated statuses and uses of other languages. Language regulation has been contentious, and there has been much complexity, ambiguity, and contradiction in language laws. The aim of this paper is to present an overarching view of the trajectory of language regulation since 1989, by examining the languages that are named and the language categories that are listed in Ukraine's key language laws. References to languages by name include terms such as Ukrainian, Russian, English, and Ukrainian Sign Language. Language categories refer to aspects of sociopolitical status, such as state language, minority language, language of international communication, and language of European Union countries. Omissions, when particular languages are not named, or when a language category implies exclusion of certain languages, are also significant. This analysis compares the laws of 1989, 2012, and 2019, which focus specifically on language regulation, along with the language regulating portions of the 1996 Constitution. While much has been written on language politics in Ukraine, this analysis presents a lens through which to view the major shifts in language law. While there are some consistent features across all four documents examined, terms that are unique to given laws highlight key shifts in ideologies of language regulation.

Prodor bosanskih leksičkih značajka u dubrovački govor 17. i 18. stoljeća

Author(s): Ivana Lovrić Jović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2012

The work analyses the Bosnian lexemes in two bodies of texts: the 17th and 18th centuries Dubrovnik wills written in the Croatian language and the so-called francesaria – adaptations of comedies by Molière to Dubrovnik speech. As the studied period did not bring forth any major names in literature and, as a result, no comprehensive linguistic monographs, the mentioned linguistic material may be considered fairly representative of Dubrovnik speech in the 17th and 18th centuries. This is supported by the fact that these texts belong to different language genres: administrative language and stylized (dramatic) language. Although the Bosnian element left its mark on only certain portions of the mentioned two bodies, it should not be considered a sporadic or accidental phenomenon. Namely, in the testamental material the wills by Bosnian immigrants abound in Turkisms, whereas in the francesaria the Bosnian lexical element mostly occurs in the stylogenic function as a dramatic part of one of the standard characters – the Bosnian. This may lead to a wrong conclusion that the Bosnian element in Dubrovnik speech of the 17th and 18th centuries does not actually exist (except as part of the general Croatian lexica). Yet the fact that the translators, the autochthonous inhabitants of Dubrovnik, knew how to stylize the Bosnian’s speech with Turkisms tells best that they got to know them directly – probably through the living speech of the Herzegovian hinterland or through multiple trade links with Bosnia.

Етикетният език в говора на село Шищавец (Република Албания)

Author(s): Miranda Belo / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The report presents material from the speaking community about the blessings and good wishes, the Bulgarians of Shishtavec village (Republic of Albania). The collected material shows a well shaped and very rich category with blessings and good wishes to reveal important features of typological Shishtavec Bulgarians. They are loving, generous and positive emotional stressed. Wishes are associated with good wishes, good health for families, long and happy life, success and more.

МОВА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ АПОКРИФІВ ЯК КУЛЬТУРНИЙ КОД

Author(s): Solomiia Pavlovska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2022

The purpose of the article is to reveal the communicative aspect of apocrypha recoding in the field of Ukrainian culture. The research methodology. According to the research strategy, a set of general scientific methods and methods of linguistic cultural studies have been used in the work. The conceptual methodological core of the study is the dialogical method, through which the connection of the apocryphal code with the code of a particular culture is analysed; the process of reinterpretation of Ukrainian apocryphal literature is investigated in the chronotope. Scientific novelty. For the first time it was scientifically proved that the Ukrainian Apocrypha is an open system oriented to the dialogue of cultures with different codes, one of the forms of coding, which allows to identify a particular cultural slice, intertext, which integrates an invariant complex of texts based on church dogmas, as well as a variant text complex, determined by the conditions of social life in a particular time period. Conclusions. The reserach is devoted to the communicative aspect of the language of the Ukrainian Apocrypha as a cultural code. The hypothesis of the Apocrypha as an intertext has been put forward and verified.The algorithm of Ukrainian apocrypha encoding dynamics in the chronotope has been traced. The concept of the East-West dichotomy in the linguistic modeling and storylines of Ukrainian apocrypha has been developed and the factors of this dichotomy have been determined.

Jewish Stereotype in the Samogitian Dialect Worldview

Author(s): Asta Balčiūnienė,Vaida Drukteinytė,Laima Kuprienė,Daiva Pagojienė / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In the early through to mid-20th century (before the Second World War), the Jewish population in Samogitian towns was quite abundant; they were generally business owners, and therefore there could have been various relationships between the rural Samogitian farmers and the urban Jews. The paper analyses the material of dialectal texts (recorded in the 1980s through to 2010s) from the ethnolinguistic perspective to find out how the Samogitian attitude towards Jews is reflected in the Samogitian linguistic worldview. The study focuses mainly on the methodology of the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School, in particular in terms of the view that language is directly related to culture, identity, and remembrance. The research revealed that the Jewish ethnic stereotype in the Samogitian linguistic worldview was quite positive, while especially negative evaluation was related to the context of religion.

Stalinistlik keelediskurss: Keskkond ja pärilikkus

Author(s): Jaan Undusk / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1-2/2023

The battlefield of linguistic policy in the 1920s to 1950s Soviet Union centred around two authoritarian figures: in Saint Petersburg the orientalist and active member of the Academy of Sciences Nikolai Marr, and in Moscow the dictator of the workers’ empire Joseph Stalin, an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences since 1939. Both spoke Georgian as their mother-tongue. Marr’s “new theory of language,” which was at times reminiscent of Medieval kabbalism (the descent of all languages from four original words, etc.), aspired to the status of the official linguistic doctrine of the Soviet Union between 1928 and 1950. Stalin initially gave it his endorsement. Marr explained the similarities between languages not through genetic relationships (language families), but by socioeconomic contact resulting in the intermingling or crossing of ethnic languages (“hybridization”), which gave rise to an explosion of new languages. The common features of languages derived also from the level of social development during which they emerged (the theory of stadialism). In Estonia, Marrism had an influence on linguistics in 1940–1941 (Marr’s ¬disciple Kristjan Kure played an important role in this) and particularly during the heyday of the Marrist campaign in 1948–1950. Professor Paul Ariste of the University of Tartu suffered the most: he was forced to publicly promote Marrism in 1949 and then denounce it in 1950. Secondary school textbooks discussed Marrism above all in the context of the historical evolution of the meaning of words. The second stage of the linguistic discourse of Stalinism began in 1950, when Stalin personally disproved Marrism, essentially re-establishing the tenets of historical-comparative linguistics. Unlike Marr, Stalin did not conceive of language as a property of the ruling class, but as a tool common to all the social strata within a nationality – a tool immune to rapid changes in the social order. Although everyone was now required to cite Stalin’s “brilliant linguistic ideas,” a more or less normal work climate had thus been restored in linguistics – unlike in literature and the arts. The historical metanarrative behind this debate was the antagonism between heredity and the environment. Both Marrism and the “agrobiological” theory of Trofim Lysenko that had come to dominate agricultural science since 1948 challenged the emphasis on the genetic component in the cultivation of plants and livestock as well as human culture, regarding it as a racist and colonial mysticism of heredity. Lysenko drew on Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck’s theory of evolution, which posited that the characteristics acquired by an organism during its lifetime and through the environment can be passed on to its offspring. This originally bourgeois notion was meant to contest the hereditary privilege of the nobility. The rejection of heredity carried over to the socialist ideology, which contrasted racial uniformity with proletarian solidarity resulting from the social division of labour. Both Marrism and Lysenkoism wanted to liberate the society from “the bondage of genes,” believing that physical and mental development can be guided by changing the environmental conditions. The fact that Stalin decided at one point to defend the hereditary traits of language instead can be explained in a number of ways, for example with the desire of an autocrat to remain unpredictable.

The Word Leading to Agreement

Author(s): Małgorzata Kowalczyk-Marcjan,Petr Poslední / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The concept of the language as an instrument for children, that leads to their mutual understand- ing in the classes 1–3, depends on the comprehensive educators approach to the relations between linguistics and the philosophy of language, developmental psychology, sociology of culture, and the history of the Polish society. The child’s undertaking of the school education imposes on the teacher the obligation to accompany it not only in mastering the elementary knowledge of the native language’s grammar system, but also in creating situations that overcome students fear of making difficult decisions when solving interesting tasks. When using the functions of the language: fatic, communicative, informational, expressive or meta-linguistic, pupils go through the several stages from the incorrect speech to correct speech, and they master the elementary structure of the reading texts intended for the little recipients. The described process would be strengthened depending on the pupil’s social background, and conditioned culturally and environmentally. This in turn affects the perception of the poetic language function and aesthetic attitude towards art.

ADBİLİMSEL ÇERÇEVEDE TAKMA ADLAR ve LAKAPLAR: YEŞİLYURT (ALAŞEHİR) KÖYÜ ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Sevda Özen ERATALAY,Süleyman ERATALAY / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 58/2023

Onomastics, which has a considerable place in language studies, is also an important field in which different disciplines work. Nicknames and sobriquets are also elements of this scienceNicknames or sobriquets have been used in almost every phase of human history. For example, a commander may be awarded a nickname as a result of his heroism on the battlefield, while a different commander may have a negative nickname for his cruelty. The society ascribes these two different namings. The lines that inspire a poet are part of his talent, and this poet can also be the creator of his own nickname with the lines he creates. Someone who is accepted as the leader of a community can also be called by a different name created by his own community. These sobriquets, which are attributed to people, often appear as symbols of experience. The ancestry, lineage or groups in which individuals are included are also referred to as nicknames. These nicknames sometimes go so old that it is not known on what and by whom they were given/created. These products, which contain many materials to be researched within the framework of language studies, are also special pieces that make up the culture and tradition of the society. These pieces tell the story of societies, their relations with different cultures, their social lives, etc. it allows us to combine small details by presenting many elements to us. In the study, the nicknames and sobriquets of Yeşilyurt Village will be evaluated.

VALUE CONSENSUS AND DISCREPANCY AMONG THE MAJOR ETHNOLINGUISTIC COMMUNITIES IN LATVIA: SURVEY DATA ANALYSIS

Author(s): Inese Šūpule / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In this article, values are explored through the lens of differences and similarities in values and attitudes of the two major ethnolinguistic communities in Latvia. The paper examines the existence of a set of core values that is shared by (or at least equally widespread among) the Latvian and Russian-speaking communities in Latvia, as well as other values and attitudes that are still rooted primarily in people’s ethnic and/or linguistic self-identification. The value model used in the study is based on the model of Shalom Schwartz’s value theory (Schwartz 2012). The analysis is based on data from the European Social Survey (2019) and European Values Survey (2021). The data analysis has been performed within the project “Value (trans)formation in uncertain times: social cohesion and neoliberal ethos in Latvia” (Nr. lzp-2020/2-0068).

KĖDAINIEČIŲ MOTERŲ ĮVARDIJIMO TENDENCIJOS XVII–XVIII A. KĖDAINIŲ MIESTO ISTORIJOS ŠALTINIUOSE

Author(s): Alma Ragauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 87/2022

Municipal register books, various inventories, registers and church registers are among the key historical anthroponymic sources of Lithuanian townspeople. The most notable among them are the Kėdainiai inventories of 1604, 1622, 1624 and 1666 and the documents of Kėdainiai Evangelical Reformed Church of 1628–1663 written in the Polish language. Eighty-two records of Kėdainiai women were collected from these unique manuscripts of the 17th century. They are thoroughly discussed from the perspective of naming. It was established that the female residents of the town of the Radziwill noble family were usually recorded by two suffixal anthroponyms formed after their husband. The naming of 32 women followed such a pattern (39.02% of all the cases of naming). As many as 13 (15.86%) women of Kėdainiai were recorded by the first name and surname or by an anthroponym performing its functions. They were usually given traditional Christian names. In the later baptismal register of 1752–1799 kept by St. George’s Church of Kėdainiai Parish, 32 surnames of the townswomen bearing Lithuanian suffixes were identified.

Смеховые практики в годы Великой Отечественной войны в газете «Магнитогорский рабочий

Author(s): N. V. Chernova,N. N. Makarova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 42/2023

The history of humor is not new to the Russian historiography. At the same time, over the last decade, the research into laughter has been in demand and relevant, especially within the study of the history of emotions. The author suggests a specific example of the study of laughter in the local context. The article examines laughter during the period of the Great Patriotic War based on the newspaper “Magnitogorskii rabochii” in two ways. The first layer is made up of “guest” humorous sketches presented by the works of “TASS Windows” and front-line newspapers. The second — feuilletons, cartoons, humoresques posted on the pages of the city newspaper. Their authors were local journalists and artists. Local authors are understood as those who resided in the city during the Great Patriotic War. The former basically broadcast images of front-line life, explained military events, consoled people demonstrating shortcomings of the enemy and the dignity of the Soviet army. The latter, during the most difficult moments on the fronts, shifted the attention of residents to pressing urban problems, largely typical of Magnitogorsk: officials, roads, baths, etc. The article pays special attention to the influence of front-line events on laughter practices, forms of humor, themes and functions performed by it. The latter underwent significant changes during the war years. If at the beginning of the war, laughter performed an explanatory and anesthetic function helping the townspeople to cope with the difficult time of incomprehension of the events, of mobilization, of the first losses, etc., then in 1942 the substitution function became key: front-line humor was replaced by local humor. The end of the war required humor to make an effort to revive positive moods in the city, to ensure a gradual return to a peaceful existence.

CHALLENGES AND PITFALLS IN CONDUCTING DIALECTAL SURVEY IN THE AREA BÂRGĂULUI, BISTRIȚA-NĂSĂUD COUNTY

Author(s): Maria Cornelia Rus / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2020

Bârgăului Valley in Bistrița-Năsăud County is considered a transition area, which falls within the Northeastern Transylvanian language. Dialectal survey is an effective method of collection of linguistic material, as it involves the interaction of the investigator with the subjects and direct recording of concrete information related to the evolution of a subject. The purpose of the study is to present the challenges and pitfalls encountered in developing surveys dialects developed in the Bârgăului area, Bistrița-Năsăud county. In conducting the direct dialect survey in the field, I used the "spy" recording method. and I applied a questionnaire consisting of 186 questions. The linguistic material collected was saved on electronic support for the purpose of phonetic transcription, systematization, analysis and interpretation of phonetically, morphologically and lexically. Currently, the conduct of a dialectal survey subjects the investigator to attempts at time type, technology progress etc. People are very busy, work in factories, and after finishing the program ends its field work and housework. Young people no longer have time available, because he plans and organizes each action. Development of social networks and online media tools, regardless of the age of the informants, there is a fear of not being popularized on the internet, either out of a desire to protect their identity and privacy, or from fear of not being judged by the community, due to the fact that they are not aware of the village traditions, not knowing how to answer some questions. Technological advances have helped me as an investigator in recording, storing and processing information collected, but at the same time through the development of networks and media channels have contributed to the fear induction of popularization in the virtual environment.

The tsifteteli of irony and the dance of the ignorant Lilipuans:

Author(s): Aikaterini Giampoura / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper studies the old Greek children’s radio show Edo Lilipoupoli transmitted from December 1977 to May 1980 by the Third Program of the Greek State Radio. The considerations of this paper result from the examination of the content of the radio show regarding its cultural and social parameters and correlations as a collective media project. The insight gained from this endeavour is significant, particularly due to the common claim among the broadcast listeners and contributors that the children’s radio program Edo Lilipoupoli functioned as a “mirror” of Greek society. The broadcast can be therefore understood as a kind of social snapshot depicting the ideological and identity conflict between the conservative and the progressive voices prevailing in society during that time. The analytical interest focuses on one specific song, very popular in the context of the radio show, with the title “We are not Zulu”. This approach will include an analysis of the lyrics in connection to their setting, i.e. morphology, harmony, instrumentation as well as the singer’s performance. Within the framework of this music-aesthetic and linguistic analytical point of view, I will try to identify the role and function of humour in the song and pursue an interpretive approach in the context of its sociocultural implications. The conclusions will form an attempt to bring out the point of view of the show’s contributors.

Beyond laughter and smiles:

Author(s): Bageshree Ramdas Bageshwar,Shahila Zafar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Amid the deluge of serious social media posts regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, humorous posts brought users much-needed respite. This article reviews studies on social media-based COVID-19 humour in 42 research articles that were selected from four databases, viz. Science Direct, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and Web of Science. After the classification and analysis of the articles on the basis of some key features, a detailed description and discussion of the findings have been carried out. The results concerning the characteristics and functions of COVID-19 humour reveal that most studies investigated image-text memes; the most important feature found was ‘humour’, in addition to others like sarcasm, irony, satire, criticism, juxtaposition, and locality. Intertextuality played a significant role in the structure of humorous posts, especially those related to specific countries. Additionally, it shows that although research on COVID-19 humour on social media is still in an early phase, several findings appear stable across various studies included in this review. Moreover, most humour studied is not only about the virus or the disease itself, but also focuses on absurd situations individuals found themselves in due to the pandemic and the lockdown that followed.