PUSHKIN’S LYRIC INTRODUCTIONS: STRUCTURE, SEMANTICS, PROBLEM OF LIMITS IN CORRELATION TO STROPHIC AND ASTROPHIC ORGANIZATION OF TEXTS EXPRESSED IN VERSE

Author(s): Nataliya Victorovna Patroeva / Language(s): English Issue: Supplement/2020

The article analyzes the syntactic structure, semantic-functional potential and verse division of Pushkin’s introductions. Less than 10th part of verse Pushkin’s opening lines (62 representations out of 737) coincide with frames of a whole mono‒ or polypredicative unit. Initial lines coinciding with the frames of simple constructions make up only 6% from the total number of first verses and whole complicated binary structures form Pushkin’s first line ‒ only in 10 cases. Asyndetic binary and multi-component structures are typical for poetic introductions and make up the one fourth of all Pushkin’s introductions. As an introduction makes a syntactic composition of the following text, it is possible to expand this tendency to the polypredicative asyndetic structure of initial phrases to the whole lyric discourse at large.

ROMANIAN IMPERATIVE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PRAGMATIC PRINCIPLE OF (IM)POLITENESS

Author(s): Emilia Kelemen / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Romanian Imperative from the Perspective of Pragmatic Principle of (im)Politeness. Following a short presentation of the principle of politeness, the article approaches the Romanian imperative identifying negative and positive strategies of (im)politeness, which the imperative is part of. There were identified conventional forms of impoliteness of imperative. The exemplification of (im)polite strategies is based on a corpus elaborated by us. The imperative is present in the most diverse strategies of (im)politeness, however the occurrence of imperative does not mean the interlocutor’s threatening act toward the public image (face threatening act). The interpretation depends on several factors, among which the situation of the communication, the relationship between the interlocutors, the presence of intensifiers or attenuators etc.

Refusal Strategies Employed By Bulgarian And English Native Speakers With Higher Status Interlocutors

Author(s): Polina Mitkova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

This paper compares the refusal strategies employed by English and Bulgarian native speakers in business settings with interlocutors of a higher status. The data collecting tool is a discourse - completion task (DCT). The refusals are compared in terms of frequency of the semantic formulas and adjuncts. The findings indicate that refusals towards representatives of a higher status are most frequently realized through the semantic formula Reason/Explanation, followed by Regret/Apology and Negation of the proposition for English native speakers or Statement of fact for Bulgarians. Some of the short patterns of strategies observed for Bulgarians are the combinations: Negation of the proposition and Statement of fact, Statement of fact and Warning, Statement of fact and Statement of limit and Statement of fact and Redirecting. These findings should benefit researchers, business people and negotiators who are to overcome intercultural, communicational and linguistic challenges in a globalized world.

ZODIAK

Author(s): Stanisław Dubisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

21 grudnia zaczyna się astronomiczna zima, jest to najkrótszy dzień w roku, następuje tzw. przesilenie zimowe, a Słońce wchodzi w znak Koziorożca. Oczywiście, każdy następny dzień jest już dłuższy i stąd wywodzi się przysłowie, że na Nowy Rok przybywa dnia na barani skok. Wydłużanie się dnia jest wyznacznikiem nadchodzenia nowego cyklu wegetacyjnego, kiedy to Słońce mocniej i dłużej świeci, co prowadzi do rozwoju flory i fauny. To symboliczne zwycięstwo Słońca w okresie po przesileniu zimowym było powodem antycznych i starosłowiańskich solarnych rytuałów religijnych, do których nawiązało także chrześcijaństwo.

SEKSISTIČKA DIMENZIJA OPSCENIH RIJEČI U ITALIJANSKIM CINEPANETTONE KOMEDIJAMA

Author(s): Nataša D. Vučenović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 33/2020

This paper examines sexist connotations of obscene terms used by men in order to depict women in a negative way, but also the terms whose pragmatic function is not to offend but to give a praise or a compliment, which in a sexist perception ascribes them a positive value. The analysis is based on a corpus composed of four italian cinepanettone comedies. Offensive terms will be classified and observed in accordance with the divison into sexist derogatory slurs and sexist objectifying slurs proposed in the study Social acceptability of derogatory sexist and objectifying sexist slurs across contexts from 2015. Besides the analysis of sexist terms, the paper will try to confront the terms that men and women use to descibe sexual act. In reference to the theoretical basis of the feminist linguistics, the results will confirm that women and men use different terms to describe sexual act and that this language difference can be interpreted as a result of a socially imposed divison of gender roles

Techniques Deployed by Spoken and Sign Language Public Service Interpreters: A Comparative Study

Author(s): Agnieszka Biernacka,Aleksandra Kalata-Zawłocka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Deaf people are among those who, due to their insufficient knowledge of Polish, are compelled to use interpreting services in all settings. In order to exercise their right to full access to information within both public and private services, they need highly skilled sign language interpreters. These, however, have relatively limited opportunities of professional development and no possibility to pursue higher education in the area of sign language interpreting. In our paper a pioneer project, consisting in providing training opportunities for Polish Sign Language (PJM) interpreters on the use of strategies and techniques in public service interpreting, is presented. The study is based on a mixed-method approach combining a qualitative and quantitative analysis. In particular, the results of observations of the use of techniques in public service interpreting made during two, 3-hour each, training workshops organized for PJM interpreters are discussed, followed by the presentation of the results of a survey concerning the use of interpreting techniques carried out among the participants of the above two workshops. The results of both the observations and the survey have inspired many questions concerning an ethical aspect of both spoken and sign language interpreting techniques. Furthermore, a necessity to implement a project relating to further training and research, of which the discussed pilot project is a promising point of departure, has been confirmed.

Napisy dla niesłyszących w Polsce.

Author(s): Monika Szczygielska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The article presents the history of development of subtitles for the Deaf and hard of hearing in Poland from 2009 to 2019. It also describes the present state of art concerning this type of audiovisual translation. A number of aspects are discussed, including the legal and regulatory context, the availability of access services (TV, cinema, DVD) as well as Polish guidelines on SDH.

Rośliny lecznicze z komponentem kolorystycznym w polskim i niemieckim językowym obrazie świata

Author(s): Izabela Bawej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

In the paper I focus on the problem of a contrastive description of medicinal plants with colour terms in the Polish and German linguistic picture of the world. The article discusses the question of what people think about the world and its elements on the base of herbs. Colours in the botanical nomenclature express some social contents, they are signs, have value and convey information about reality in two languages. They result from a complex set of circumstance e.g. traditions, habits, ways of life, experiences and the mentality of Poles and Germans. The contrastive description demonstrates also that the most plants have in both languages the names with ‘white’ and ‘black’.

What a Difference a Case Makes.

Author(s): Magdalena Zabielska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Ample research on written professional medical discourse across genres and modalities generally points to the impersonal and dehumanising character of the communication in this particular context. On the other hand, there have been numerous attempts at incorporating the human element into medical texts, be it through different models, sets of guidelines, generic varieties, but also, more holistically, models of medical practice. The objective of the present paper is to study the discourse of case reporting in contemporary medical case reports with respect to patient’s presence. To this aim, a sample of regular case reports derived from a prestigious medical journal has been examined with particular attention to textual references to the treated. It will be shown that regardless of the current trend in medical practice in the direction to patient-centredness, regular medical reports, i.e. not special varieties, still bear the features of the biomedical discourse.

Agnieszka Cierpich, Zapożyczenia angielskie w polszczyźnie korporacyjnej, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie, 2019, ss. 313

Author(s): Andrzej Łyda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

LOCUTIONS ET COLLOCATIONS BASÉES SUR LE LEXIQUE SOMATIQUE EN BERBÈRE (KABYLE): ÉTUDE SUR LE LEXÈME UL « CŒUR »

Author(s): Abdelaziz Berkai / Language(s): French Issue: 01/2021

We propose here through a corpus of Berber (Kabyle) locutions containing the lexeme ul "heart", drawn mainly from dictionaries, to make the departure between idioms, collocations and free combinations of words. We will first approach the concepts of idiom and collocation, opposed to the free combination of words, trying to give definitions clear enough to be applied rigorously to our corpus, and will end with the analysis of our material and the resulting conclusions.

Język przekładu w oczach polskich przekładoznawców

Author(s): Urszula Dąmbska-Prokop / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1&2/2016

Wkład polskich przekładoznawców w myśl o tłumaczeniu, zwłaszcza w ostatnich ponad trzydziestu latach, zasługiwałby na syntetyczne opracowanie. Tutaj wybrana została, spośród „pewników tłumaczenia” (zob. Chesterman 1997), „obcość” w przekładzie, określana też jako „egzotyzacja” lub „światło w języku i kulturze”. Zachowanie obcości stanowi, według Antoine Bermana, akt etyczny tłumacza, co Autorka podziela. Jej zdaniem, dwa sposoby tłumaczenia, fragmentu powieści Gustawa Flauberta Madame Bovary oraz fragmentu powieści Raymonda Queneau Zazie dans le métro, należą, według rozróżnienia zaproponowanego przez Zygmunta Grosbarta, pierwszy do tłumaczeń raczej „nieśmiałych”, drugi - do „zuchwałych”. // What Polish translators brought into the theory of translation in the last thirty years merits a synthetic presentation. Here we chose, amidst the “memes of translation” (cf. Chesterman 1997), the issue of “strangeness” in translation, also termed “exotisation” or “light in language and culture”. To preserve strangeness is for Antoine Berman an essentially ethical act in translation, the position shared by the author. For her, two ways of translating a passage from Gustave Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary, and a passage from Raymond Queneau’s novel Zazie dans le metro, represent, in the typology proposed by Zygmunt Grosbart, a type of ‘careful’ translation and the ‘brave’ translation type, respectively.

Kauzativ machen

Author(s): Anisa Trbonja–Omanić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 34/2021

In this paper we will be talking about the verb 'machen' which forms analytical constructions together with infinitives, adjectives and nouns in the German language and, therefore, has causative meaning. The goal is to prove that these constructions are present in contemporary German literature, as well as in translations of contemporary Bosnian literature into German.

Die polnische Wortbildungsterminologie im Vergleich mit der deutschen

Author(s): Janusz Stopyra / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2012

The article discusses the model classifying German motivated words that takes its origin in the work of Fillmore entitled The Case for Case (1968) and is used by Hans Wellmann in his description of German word formation processes in 1984-1998 (Duden. Die Grammatik, Band 4). The model stands in agreement with the rule of assigning the semantic roles to individual parts of the sentence, which was formulated in German language by Wolfgang Motsch (2004). Renata Grzegorczykowa and Jadwiga Puzynina used the same rule in Polish word formation in their „Gramatyka współczesnego języka polskiego. Morfologia.” (1999). Each time, the model classifies the derivative words with reference to their semantic role and the motivating part of the explicatory paraphrase. Such derivatives may be, at the same time, classified according to their suffixes. In the case of compounds and case government structures that are motivated by the functioning in the particular language verbal phrase, the motivational aspect comes from the particular verbal phrase (used as an explicating paraphrase) – its motivational argument and reference argument. The latter one belongs to the verb case government present in the explicating phrase and is added to the compound on its left side. The model described in the article is also used in order to describe the Danish derivatives which appear as equivalents of German words in the literary translations.

Материалы по топонимике Кетского Приобья как основа для выявления границ расселения диалектно-локальной группы šöšqum/šöšqup и подтверждения промежуточного статуса среднеобского (шёшкумского/шёшкупского) диалекта селькупского языка

Author(s): Natalia Saynakova,Sergey V. Kovylin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (38)/2020

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the toponymic materials recorded in the indigenous territory of the ethnographic (dialect local) group of Sheshkums/Sheshkups of the Ob River and its peripheral territory. In the course of our study, the toponymic material collected by researchers in the Ket Ob region was generalised, and the linguistic analysis of the identified toponyms was carried out in accordance with the peculiarities of the Central and Southern dialects; the distribution areas of these peculiarities were outlined. All the toponyms in Selkup were correlated with their Russian names. In the course of the analysis of all toponymic materials, two tables and one map were compiled. The first table demonstrates the Central and Southern peculiarities reflected in the toponyms of the Sheshkums/Sheshkups of the river Ob and the toponyms recorded in neighbouring settlements included in the area peripheral to the settlement territory of the Sheshkums / Sheshkups. The second table shows the interrelation of toponyms recorded by linguists and ethnographers in Selkup and Russian (1952—2019). All the Selkup toponyms that were found were marked on the map using the principle of the presence of Central and Southern dialectological features in them. Having compared the official toponymic data and the materials collected from the old-timer Selkups and Russian fishermen, it was revealed that there are significant differences in the official names and the names used by locals. That is why a large number of toponyms did not enter the map.

Razlikovanje deskriptivnih i preskriptivnih iskaza u verbalnom sunnetu: analiza dvaju hadisa

Author(s): Fadilj Maljoki / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2018

This work addresses descriptive statements in verbal Sunnah, i.e. statements whose function is to describe a factual state, not to prescribe or establish norms. In the introductory part the author explains the meaning of descriptive and prescriptive statements. In the first part he mentions the indicators for determining that the Prophet p.b.u.h. stated a hadith descriptively. The second part analyses the hadith “People follow the Quraysh…” and other hadiths about the leading position of the Quraysh and for which one can provide strong arguments for their being stated descriptively. The third part addresses a hadith according to which ill omen is recognizable in three things: a horse, a house and a woman.

Operasyon kovid-19: Türkçe yayın yapan yabancı haber platformlarında kovid-19 salgını sürecinde Türkiye konulu haber başlıklarında kullanılan olumsuz etkili dil ve dilbilimsel manipülasyonlar

Author(s): Fehmi Turgut / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

As an evolved tool of operation, human language includes new elements, techniques, and practices, such as (pre) judgments, emotions, subjectivity, positive-negative values, valences, and attitudes of speakers and authors. With these features, language creates an illusion between information, reality, news-reporting, and virtual reality, perception, and manipulation. Therefore, language cannot be regarded only as a communication tool that we can define as objective or neutral, but a communication and operation tool loaded with political, cultural, and ideological values. One field in which language is most effectively used as a means of operation is media. This study analyzes the language and discourse used in the headlines of the news produced by the Voice of America Turkish, the Independent Turkish and Deutsche Welle Turkish media organizations during the Covid 19 pandemic. The study concluded that the headlines obtained as data used a negative affective language, which is the most prominent feature of political and ideological discourse. By using the permutation technique, which is a syntactic manipulation type, the word Turkey was used as the first word of most of the negative sentences. Rhetorical questions containing innuendos were widely used, creating negative perceptions to persuade the target audience to think, believe and act in the selected and desired way. The study argues that the headlines in question were the more biased openings of the biased media contents.

Pogled u gospićko imenoslovlje

Author(s): Vesna Grahovac Pražić,Sanja Vrcić-Mataija / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2005

This paper represents the knowledge about the importance of the Gospić list of names with the analyses of the names of three generations of children attending the first year of school in the period of 25 years. The time difference amongst the three chosen groups is 10 and 15 years. The purpose of the work is to show the movement and selection of names, diversity of names, representation of certain names, origins of names, creation of names, their grammatical value and historical conditioning.

The Importance of Foreign Languages for Engineers

Author(s): Bülent ÇİFTPINAR / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2020

Today’s globalising world in which we are all somehow in a rush is moving so rapidly makes us overexert to be faster than anyone, because being simply fast is inadequate to integrate success into our lives. Information has turned into an open source instrument and that is why everyone should equip themselves with as many as foreign languages for easier access to the global data bank. There are many students, particularly in the science and math intensive departments, unaware of the unavoidable requirement to know at least one foreign language for autonomous learning in the developing sectoral structure they do strive for attaining their places. This study has been basically intended to reveal our unsystematic approach to learning foreign languages in Turkey and to ascertain by a survey whether the engineering students realise the importance of knowing a foreign language in order to advance more easily in their career.

The pragmatics of promotional features and discourse strategies in postgraduate school prospectus in Nigeria

Author(s): Felix Bayode Oke,Ezekiel Opeyemi Olajimbiti / Language(s): English Issue: 01 (32)/2021

This paper extends the frontier of research in the marketisation of higher education institution by investigating the pragmatics of promotional features and discourse strategies in the postgraduate school prospectus. The data for the study is the University of Ibadan postgraduate school prospectus (2015 edition) downloaded from the university website (http://www.postgraduateschool.ui.edu.ng). Insights were drawn from Bhatia’s genre analysis, an aspect of Hallidayian’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, for the analysis. The theory accounts for promotional features, linguistic features and discourse strategies in the discourse. Four promotional features: offer, commodification, incentives and clients were marked off by modality, epistemic and deontic linguistic features while strategies of self-promotion, implication, promotional tact and evocation to considerateness are tactfully employed to project the superiority ideology to the prospective students. The study concludes that the academia is no longer solely informative but promotionally oriented.